scholarly journals Chronotype as self-regulation: morning preference is associated with better working memory strategy independent of sleep

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Heimola ◽  
K Paulanto ◽  
A Alakuijala ◽  
K Tuisku ◽  
P Simola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Testing Time ◽  
Memory Strategy ◽  
Diurnal Preference

Abstract Study objectives We set out to examine how chronotype (diurnal preference) is connected to ability to function in natural conditions where individuals cannot choose their sleep schedule. We conducted a cross-sectional study in military conscript service to test the hypothesis that sleep deprivation mediates the adverse effects of chronotype on cognitive functioning. We also examined the effects of time of day. Methods 140 participants (ages 18-24 years) completed an online survey, including the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) and a Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). Most (n=106) underwent an actigraphy recording. After bivariate analyses, we created a mediation model (self-reported sleepiness and sleep deprivation mediating effect of chronotype on cognition) and a moderation model (synchrony between most alert time and testing time). Results Reaction times in inhibition task correlated negatively with sleep efficiency and positively with sleep latency in actigraphy. There was no relation to ability to inhibit responses. More significantly, spatial working memory performance (especially strategicness of performance) correlated positively with morning preference and negatively with sleep deprivation before service. Synchrony with most alert time of the day did not moderate these connections. No other cognitive task correlated with morningness or sleep variables. Conclusions In line with previous research, inhibitory control is maintained after insufficient sleep but with a tradeoff of slower performance. The connection between morning preference and working memory strategy is a novel finding. We suggest that diurnal preference could be seen as an adaptive strategy, as morningness has consistently been associated with better academic and health outcomes.

scholarly journals Negative Effects of Embodiment in a Visuo-Spatial Working Memory Task in Children, Young Adults, and Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca Amico ◽  
Sabine Schaefer
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Negative Effects

Studies examining the effect of embodied cognition have shown that linking one’s body movements to a cognitive task can enhance performance. The current study investigated whether concurrent walking while encoding or recalling spatial information improves working memory performance, and whether 10-year-old children, young adults, or older adults (Mage = 72 years) are affected differently by embodiment. The goal of the Spatial Memory Task was to encode and recall sequences of increasing length by reproducing positions of target fields in the correct order. The nine targets were positioned in a random configuration on a large square carpet (2.5 m × 2.5 m). During encoding and recall, participants either did not move, or they walked into the target fields. In a within-subjects design, all possible combinations of encoding and recall conditions were tested in counterbalanced order. Contrary to our predictions, moving particularly impaired encoding, but also recall. These negative effects were present in all age groups, but older adults’ memory was hampered even more strongly by walking during encoding and recall. Our results indicate that embodiment may not help people to memorize spatial information, but can create a dual-task situation instead.

scholarly journals High‐Fat and High‐Sucrose Diets Impair Time‐of‐Day Differences in Spatial Working Memory of Male Mice

Obesity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 2347-2356
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Davis ◽  
Jodi R. Paul ◽  
Laura J. McMeekin ◽  
Shelly R. Nason ◽  
Jessica P. Antipenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Sucrose

scholarly journals Total Sleep Deprivation Impairs Lateralization of Spatial Working Memory in Young Men

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziyi Peng ◽  
Cimin Dai ◽  
Xiaoping Cai ◽  
Lingjing Zeng ◽  
Jialu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Total Sleep Deprivation

scholarly journals Quantifying Cognitive Impairment After Sleep Deprivation at Different Times of Day: A Proof of Concept Using Ultra-Short Smartphone-Based Tests

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin C. Holding ◽  
Michael Ingre ◽  
Predrag Petrovic ◽  
Tina Sundelin ◽  
John Axelsson
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Stroop Test ◽  
Cognitive Tests ◽  
Normal Sleep

Cognitive functioning is known to be impaired following sleep deprivation and to fluctuate depending on the time of day. However, most methods of assessing cognitive performance remain impractical for environments outside of the lab. This study investigated whether 2-min smartphone-based versions of commonly used cognitive tests could be used to assess the effects of sleep deprivation and time of day on diverse cognitive functions. After three nights of normal sleep, participants (N = 182) were randomised to either one night of sleep deprivation or a fourth night of normal sleep. Using the Karolinska WakeApp (KWA), participants completed a battery of 2-min cognitive tests, including measures of attention, arithmetic ability, episodic memory, working memory, and a Stroop test for cognitive conflict and behavioural adjustment. A baseline measurement was completed at 22:30 h, followed by three measurements the following day at approximately 08:00 h, 12:30 h, and 16:30 h. Sleep deprivation led to performance impairments in attention, arithmetic ability, episodic memory, and working memory. No effect of sleep deprivation was observed in the Stroop test. There were variations in attention and arithmetic test performance across different times of day. The effect of sleep deprivation on all cognitive tests was also found to vary at different times of day. In conclusion, this study shows that the KWA’s 2-min cognitive tests can be used to detect cognitive impairments following sleep deprivation, and fluctuations in cognitive performance relating to time of day. The results demonstrate the potential of using brief smartphone-based tasks to measure a variety of cognitive abilities within sleep and fatigue research.

scholarly journals The Association Between Negative Attributional Style and Working Memory Performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahmi Saylik ◽  
Andre J. Szameitat
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Attributional Style ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Central Executive ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Visuospatial Sketchpad ◽  
Attributional Style Questionnaire ◽  
Task Processing

Introduction:It has been proposed that negative attributions contribute to impairment in cognitive task processing. However, it is still unknown whether negative attributions influence task processing in all cognitive tasks.Methods:To investigate this, 91 healthy participants completed attributional style questionnaire and performed three Working Memory (WM) tasks, which associated with different functions of WM (i.e. Central Executive System (CES) and visuospatial sketchpad).Results:The results demonstrated that negative attributions contribute to the impairment in cognitive tasks which is associated with spatial working memory rather than main central executive functions (i.e. switching and inhibition).Conclusions:It is concluded that negative attributions may selectively disrupt spatial working memory functions, thus a detrimental effect of negative attributions may be task specific.

scholarly journals THE LEXICAL INDICATOR OF SPEECH DEVELOPMENT AT PRESCHOOL CHILDREN WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF SELF- REGULATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 66-74
Author(s):  
Tamiliia Dotsevych ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Lexical Development ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Regulatory Functions

The article presents the empirical study that has shown the interdependence between the development of regulatory functions and the lexical indicator of speech development at preschoolers. The study included 179 children attending senior groups at kindergartens. The technique of “Associative Series” used to study the speech vocabulary turned out to be an adequate tool assessing senior preschoolers’ lexical development. Significant differences in lexical development of children with high and low levels of regulatory functions were revealed. Children from 5–6 to 7–8 years increase the efficiency of word selection, which indicates that this period is sensitive to the development of this speech component. The efficient solution of the tasks revealing lexical speech development was the most strongly linked with auditory working memory and cognitive flexibility. The efficiency of appeared free associations was linked with spatial working memory; and the so-called directed associations (names of actions and animals) were associated with inhibition. We used cluster analysis to divide the sample into three groups: preschoolers with high, average, low levels of regulatory functions, these group division corresponded also to different lexical speech indicators. This proves that certain level of self-regulation must be achieved for effective speech development and vice versa. Children with poorly developed regulatory functions cope much worse with all tasks for associative series selection in comparison with children having highly developed regulatory functions. The study results did not allowed us to make a conclusion on causative-consecutive links, but showed a two-way link between speech (lexical indicator) and regulatory functions, which is consistent with most studies in this field. Only one indicator of speech development (namely, lexical) was examined, so we are planning to examine links between the development of regulatory functions and all speech indicators to obtain a more comprehensive picture of these two constructs important for the preschool age.

Sleep deprivation impairs spatial working memory and reduces hippocampal AMPA receptor phosphorylation

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROELINA HAGEWOUD ◽  
ROBBERT HAVEKES ◽  
ARIANNA NOVATI ◽  
JAN N. KEIJSER ◽  
EDDY A. VAN DER ZEE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Ampa Receptor ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Receptor Phosphorylation

Working Memory and Number Sense as Predictors of Mathematical (Dis-)Ability

2015 ◽  
Vol 223 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn H. Kroesbergen ◽  
Marloes van Dijk
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Number Sense ◽  
Mathematical Learning ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Mathematical Learning Disabilities ◽  
Visual Spatial Working Memory ◽  
And Mathematics

Recent research has pointed to two possible causes of mathematical (dis-)ability: working memory and number sense, although only few studies have compared the relations between working memory and mathematics and between number sense and mathematics. In this study, both constructs were studied in relation to mathematics in general, and to mathematical learning disabilities (MLD) in particular. The sample consisted of 154 children aged between 6 and 10 years, including 26 children with MLD. Children performing low on either number sense or visual-spatial working memory scored lower on math tests than children without such a weakness. Children with a double weakness scored the lowest. These results confirm the important role of both visual-spatial working memory and number sense in mathematical development.

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