scholarly journals Effect of combinations of feed-grade urea and slow-release urea in a finishing beef diet on fermentation in an artificial rumen system

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 839-847
Author(s):  
Daryoush Alipour ◽  
Atef Mohamed Saleem ◽  
Haley Sanderson ◽  
Tassilo Brand ◽  
Laize V Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Microbial Nitrogen ◽  
Slow Release Urea

Abstract This study evaluated the effect of combinations of feed-grade urea and slow-release urea (SRU) on fermentation and microbial protein synthesis within two artificial rumens (Rusitec) fed a finishing concentrate diet. The experiment was a completely randomized, dose–response design with SRU substituted at levels of 0% (control), 0.5%, 1%, or 1.75% of dry matter (DM) in place of feed-grade urea, with four replicate fermenters per dosage. The diet consisted of 90% concentrate and 10% forage (DM basis). The experiment was conducted over 15 d, with 8 d of adaptation and 7 d of sampling. Dry matter and organic matter disappearances were determined after 48 h of incubation from day 9 to 12, and daily ammonia (NH3) and volatile fatty acid (VFA) production were measured from day 9 to 12. Microbial protein synthesis was determined on days 13–15. Increasing the level of SRU quadratically affected total VFA (Q, P = 0.031) and ammonia (Q, P = 0.034), with a linear increment in acetate (L, P = 0.01) and isovalerate (L, P = 0.05) and reduction in butyrate (L, P = 0.05). Disappearance of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) was quadratically affected by levels of SRU, plateauing at 1% SRU. Inclusion of 1% SRU resulted in the highest amount of microbial nitrogen associated with feed particles (Q, P = 0.037). Responses in the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis fluctuated (L, P = 0.002; Q, P = 0.001) and were the highest for 1% SRU. In general, the result of this study showed that 1% SRU in combination with 0.6% urea increased NDF and ADF digestibility and total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) production.

Effects of dietary flaxseed and vitamin E on fermentation, nutrient disappearance, fatty acid biohydrogenation, and microbial protein synthesis using a simulated rumen (Rusitec)

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 691-702
Author(s):  
K. Stanford ◽  
H. Sultana ◽  
M.L. He ◽  
M. Dugan ◽  
T.A. McAllister
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Concentrate Production ◽  
Microbial N

Two simulated rumens (Rusitecs) were used to assess the effects of flaxseed (FS) and (or) vitamin E (VE) on rumen fermentation, fatty acid (FA) biohydrogenation, and microbial protein synthesis. Ground FS replaced 0% or 15% of barley grain, along with VE at 0 or 1000 IU d−1 in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment. Flaxseed lowered neutral detergent fiber (P = 0.001) and acid detergent fiber (P = 0.01) and increased (P = 0.001) nitrogen (N) disappearance. Flaxseed also increased (P = 0.01) total volatile FA and decreased (P = 0.001) acetate production. When both FS and VE were included, the acetate:propionate ratio decreased (P = 0.04). Biohydrogenation of FA was not influenced by VE, but total FA and C18:0 in effluent were increased (P = 0.001) and C16:0 decreased (P = 0.001) by FS. With VE, total microbial N (MN) was increased (P = 0.001). In the concentrate, production of MN in feed-particle-bound bacteria was increased (P = 0.001) by VE. Vitamin E did not alter FA biohydrogenation but did promote MN production. The stable and relatively high pH in the Rusitec may have prevented the typical shift from C18:1 trans-11 to C18:1 trans-10 with concentrate diets. Future studies simulating subclinical acidosis in the Rusitec may illuminate ruminal mode(s) of action of VE on FA biohydrogenation.

scholarly journals Effect of soybean meal replacement by slow-release urea on ruminal parameter, blood metabolites, and microbial protein synthesis in Zel ram

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e48684
Author(s):  
Zahra Alizadeh ◽  
Asadollah Teymouri Yansari ◽  
Yadollah Chashnidel ◽  
Mohammad Kazemifard ◽  
Samaneh Azarpajouh
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Meal Replacement ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Basic Diet ◽  
Slow Release Urea

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of soybean meal replacement by slow-release urea on feed intake, ruminal parameters, blood metabolites, dry matter, nutrients digestion, and microbial protein synthesis (MPS) in ram. Rams were used for four 21-day periods. The experimental design was a 4×4 Latin square design. The experiment has consisted of the following four rations: 1) basic diet with soybean meal as a protein source, 2) basic diet with soybean meal plus 0.5 % of DM slow-release urea (SRU), 3) basic diet with soybean meal plus 1 % of DM SRU, and 4) basic diet with soybean meal plus 1.5 % of SRU, respectively. Soybean meal replacement by SRU decreased ruminal ammonia and blood urea. SRU increase in diets significantly increased acetic acid 3 hours after morning feeding, blood glucose, total purine, uric acid excretion, microbial nitrogen, and microbial protein. The results showed that soybean meal replacement by SRU sources had no negative effect on rams performance.

PSX-B-6 Effect of slow-release urea on gas production, fermentation characteristics, nutrient digestibility and microbial protein synthesis in an artificial rumen system

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 454-455
Author(s):  
Yongmei Guo ◽  
Ling Xiao ◽  
Sumei Yan ◽  
Long Jin ◽  
Trevor Alexander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Slow Release Urea

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of slow-release urea (SRU) on gas production, fermentation parameters, nutrient digestibility, and microbial protein synthesis using artificial rumen system. The experiment was a completely randomized design with four treatments and four replications of each treatment. The treatments were control diet (no SRU), control diet supplemented with 0.28% (U28), 0.56% SRU (U56) or control diet that was added by 1.5% more corn grain and substituted with 0.35% SRU for 1.85% soybean meal (U35-SBM). The diets were formulated to be isoenergetic (1.71 NEL Mcal/kg), but protein concentration was lower (15.48 vs. 16.24%) and starch concentration was higher (28.2 vs. 27.1%) with U35-SBM than other three treatments. Experimental period consisted of 8 d of adaptation and 7 d of sampling. Rumen inoculum was obtained from three ruminally fistulated Angus cows fed the same diet to the substrate incubated. Gas production (L/d) was lower (P = 0.02) with U35-SBM (1.51) than control (1.79) or U28 (1.92); however, methane production was not affected by treatments (average, 47 mg/d). Dry matter digestibility was greater (P < 0.01) with U35-SBM (78.5%) than other treatments (74.6%), which had no differences in DM digestibility. Total volatile fatty acid (VFA) production did not differ among treatments (average, 53.1 mmol/d), but increasing SRU supplementation linearly (P < 0.01) decreased molar proportion of propionate from 27.0 to 25.7% and linearly (P < 0.01) increased acetate to propionate ratio from 1.69 to 1.78. The ammonia nitrogen (N) linearly (P < 0.01) increased from 7.70 to 10.25 mmol/L with increasing SRU addition. Microbial protein synthesis was greater (P = 0.03) with SRU treatments (average, 83.9 mg N/d) than control (78.9 mg N/d). The present results demonstrated the benefits to add the SRU in dairy cow diet for improving ruminal digestibility and microbial protein synthesis.

Effect of the substitution of urea for soybean meal on digestion in steers

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 713-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. V. Kozloski ◽  
H. M. N. Ribeiro Filho ◽  
J. B. T. Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Microbial Nitrogen

Four growing Holstein steers (305 ± 33 kg body weight) with ruminal and duodenal cannulae were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square experiment to assess the effect of level of dietary urea (0, 7.3, 14.7 and 22.0 g kg−1 of dry matter) on the site and extent of digestion of some feed components. The diets were isonitrogenous and consisted of 60% ryegrass hay and 40% concentrate and were offered to the animals three times daily in amounts limited to 24 g of dry matter kg−1 liveweight in order to avoid feed refusals. The addition of urea caused a linear increase in ruminal pH and in ruminal ammonia concentration during the first hours after feed ingestion (P < 0.01), and linearly increased ruminal digestibility of cellulose (P < 0.01) and apparent nitrogen (P < 0.05). However, it had no significant effect on apparent total digestibility of feed components, nor did it affect ruminal digestibility of dry matter, organic matter or starch. Flow of microbial nitrogen to the small intestine decreased linearly (P < 0.05), but the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis or the proportion of undegraded feed nitrogen in the rumen that flowed to the small intestine was not significantly affected (P > 0.05). The increase in ruminal ammonia concentration above that necessary for optimal microbial growth increased ruminal nitrogen losses into the blood. However, excess ruminal ammonia concentration also increased ruminal fibre digestion. Key words: Non-protein nitrogen, microbial protein synthesis, ruminants, digestion

scholarly journals Miúda (Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm-Dyck)—The Best Forage Cactus Genotype for Feeding Lactating Dairy Cows in Semiarid Regions

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1774
Author(s):  
Rubem R. Rocha Filho ◽  
Djalma C. Santos ◽  
Antonia S. C. Véras ◽  
Michelle C. B. Siqueira ◽  
Carolina C. F. Monteiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Latin Squares ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

This study aimed to investigate the effects on nutrient intake and digestibility, milk yield (MY) and composition, milk fatty acids profile, and microbial protein synthesis caused by feeding lactating dairy cows four different forage cactus genotypes. Eight Girolando cows (5/8 Holstein × 3/8 Gyr), weighing 490 ± 69.0 kg (means ± standard deviation), and producing 15.5 ± 1.0 kg/d of milk during pretrial were distributed to two contemporaneous 4 × 4 Latin squares. The cows were fed a total mixed ration composed of sorghum silage (385 g/kg of dry matter (DM)), concentrated mix (175 g/kg DM), and forage cactus (440 g/kg DM). The experimental treatments consisted of different cactus genotypes, such as Gigante cactus (GC), Miúda cactus (MC), IPA Sertânia cactus (SC), and Orelha de Elefante Mexicana cactus (OEMC). The feeding of MC provided a higher intake of DM, organic matter (OM), and total digestible nutrients, as well as higher MY, energy-corrected milk, and microbial protein synthesis in comparison with those resulting from the other genotypes tested. The GC promoted lower DM and OM, and the apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber. The cows fed with OEMC showed lower MY and milk protein yield and content, and higher unsaturated over saturated fatty acid ratio in milk. Miúda forage cactus increased nutrient intake, digestibility of DM and OM, and microbial synthesis without impairing the milk fatty acid profile.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document