scholarly journals Distribution of (1->4)- -galactans, arabinogalactan proteins, xylans and (1->3)- -glucans in tracheid cell walls of softwoods

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 782-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Altaner ◽  
E. N. Tokareva ◽  
M. C. Jarvis ◽  
P. J. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Arabinogalactan Proteins

scholarly journals Cell Wall Composition as a Marker of the Reprogramming of the Cell Fate on the Example of a Daucus carota (L.) Hypocotyl in Which Somatic Embryogenesis Was Induced

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 8126
Author(s):  
Michał Kuczak ◽  
Ewa Kurczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Arabinogalactan Proteins ◽  
Cell Wall Composition ◽  
Cell Reprogramming ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Negative Marker ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Wall Components

Changes in the composition of the cell walls are postulated to accompany changes in the cell’s fate. We check whether there is a relationship between the presence of selected pectic, arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs), and extensins epitopes and changes in cell reprogramming in order to answer the question of whether they can be markers accompanying changes of cell fate. Selected antibodies were used for spatio-temporal immunolocalization of wall components during the induction of somatic embryogenesis. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that (1) the LM6 (pectic), LM2 (AGPs) epitopes are positive markers, but the LM5, LM19 (pectic), JIM8, JIM13 (AGPs) epitopes are negative markers of cells reprogramming to the meristematic/pluripotent state; (2) the LM8 (pectic), JIM8, JIM13, LM2 (AGPs) and JIM11 (extensin) epitopes are positive markers, but LM6 (pectic) epitope is negative marker of cells undergoing detachment; (3) JIM4 (AGPs) is a positive marker, but LM5 (pectic), JIM8, JIM13, LM2 (AGPs) are negative markers for pericycle cells on the xylem pole; (4) LM19, LM20 (pectic), JIM13, LM2 (AGPs) are constitutive wall components, but LM6, LM8 (pectic), JIM4, JIM8, JIM16 (AGPs), JIM11, JIM12 and JIM20 (extensins) are not constitutive wall components; (5) the extensins do not contribute to the cell reprogramming.

scholarly journals The Chirality of Yariv Reagent Aggregates Correlates with AGP–binding Ability

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raghuraj Hoshing ◽  
Blaise W Leeber III ◽  
Helene Kuhn ◽  
David Caianiello ◽  
Brandon Dale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circular Dichroism ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Arabinogalactan Proteins ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Binding Ability ◽  
Yariv Reagent ◽  
Supramolecular Aggregates ◽  
Circular Dichroïsm ◽  
Helical Chirality

Yariv reagents are glycosylated triphenylazo dyes, some of which bind to the polysaccharide component of arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs), proteoglycans found in plant cell walls. However, the exact reason for the selectivity in the presence/absence of AGP binding ability among Yarivs remains unknown. The Yariv reagents are known to form supramolecular aggregates in solution. We use circular dichroism to show that the Yariv reagent aggregates possess helical chirality, and the AGP binding ability of the Yariv reagents is correlated to its helical chirality.

scholarly journals Arabinogalactan Proteins Accumulate in the Cell Walls of Searching Hyphae of the Stem Parasitic Plants, Cuscuta campestris and Cuscuta japonica

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 1868-1877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akitaka Hozumi ◽  
Subhankar Bera ◽  
Daiki Fujiwara ◽  
Takeshi Obayashi ◽  
Ryusuke Yokoyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Parasitic Plants ◽  
Arabinogalactan Proteins ◽  
Cuscuta Japonica ◽  
Cuscuta Campestris

scholarly journals The Chirality of Yariv Reagent Aggregates Correlates with AGP–binding Ability

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raghuraj Hoshing ◽  
Blaise W Leeber III ◽  
Helene Kuhn ◽  
David Caianiello ◽  
Brandon Dale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circular Dichroism ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Arabinogalactan Proteins ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Binding Ability ◽  
Yariv Reagent ◽  
Supramolecular Aggregates ◽  
Circular Dichroïsm ◽  
Helical Chirality

Yariv reagents are glycosylated triphenylazo dyes, some of which bind to the polysaccharide component of arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs), proteoglycans found in plant cell walls. However, the exact reason for the selectivity in the presence/absence of AGP binding ability among Yarivs remains unknown. The Yariv reagents are known to form supramolecular aggregates in solution. We use circular dichroism to show that the Yariv reagent aggregates possess helical chirality, and the AGP binding ability of the Yariv reagents is correlated to its helical chirality.

scholarly journals Arabinogalactan-proteins

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Yingxuan Ma ◽  
Kim Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Arabinogalactan Proteins ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Health Applications

Arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) are highly glycosylated proteins (glycoproteins) found in the cell walls of plants. AGPs account for only a small portion of the cell wall, usually no more than 1% of dry mass of the primary wall. AGPs are members of the hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein (HRGP) superfamily that represent a large and diverse group of glycosylated wall proteins. AGPs have attracted considerable attention due to their highly complex structures and potential roles in signalling. In addition, they have industrial and health applications due to their chemical/physical properties (water-holding, adhesion and emulsification). Glycosylation can account for more than 90% of the total mass. AGPs have been reported in a wide range of higher plants in seeds, roots, stems, leaves and inflorescences. They have also been reported in secretions of cell culture medium of root, leaf, endosperm and embryo tissues, and some exudate producing cell types such as stylar canal cells are capable of producing lavish amounts of AGPs.

Ectodesmata as Revealed By Freeze-Etch Preparations of Plant Epidermal Cell Walls

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 468-469
Author(s):  
N.C. Lyon ◽  
W. C. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Thin Sections

Schumacher and Halbsguth first demonstrated ectodesmata as pores or channels in the epidermal cell walls in haustoria of Cuscuta odorata L. by light microscopy in tissues fixed in a sublimate fixative (30% ethyl alcohol, 30 ml:glacial acetic acid, 10 ml: 65% nitric acid, 1 ml: 40% formaldehyde, 5 ml: oxalic acid, 2 g: mecuric chloride to saturation 2-3 g). Other workers have published electron micrographs of structures transversing the outer epidermal cell in thin sections of plant leaves that have been interpreted as ectodesmata. Such structures are evident following treatment with Hg++ or Ag+ salts and are only rarely observed by electron microscopy. If ectodesmata exist without such treatment, and are not artefacts, they would afford natural pathways of entry for applied foliar solutions and plant viruses.

An ultrastructural study of vegetative incompatibility in plants

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 436-437
Author(s):  
Randy Moore
Keyword(s):  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Solanum Pennellii ◽  
Initial Product ◽  
Basic Aspect ◽  
Tissue Interactions ◽  
Graft Interface ◽  
Antigen Antibody ◽  
Standard Fixation

Cell and tissue interactions are a basic aspect of eukaryotic growth and development. While cell-to-cell interactions involving recognition and incompatibility have been studied extensively in animals, there is no known antigen-antibody reaction in plants and the recognition mechanisms operating in plant grafts have been virtually neglected.An ultrastructural study of the Sedum telephoides/Solanum pennellii graft was undertaken to define possible mechanisms of plant graft incompatibility. Grafts were surgically dissected from greenhouse grown plants at various times over 1-4 weeks and prepared for EM employing variations in the standard fixation and embedding procedure. Stock and scion adhere within 6 days after grafting. Following progressive cell senescence in both Sedum and Solanum, the graft interface appears as a band of 8-11 crushed cells after 2 weeks (Fig. 1, I). Trapped between the buckled cell walls are densely staining cytoplasmic remnants and residual starch grains, an initial product of wound reactions in plants.

Comparison of Substructures Between Uniaxial and Biaxial Deformation in 1100-0 Aluminum

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 52-53
Author(s):  
D. L. Rohr ◽  
S. S. Hecker
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Strain ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Biaxial Tension ◽  
Initial Deformation ◽  
Uniaxial Deformation ◽  
Biaxial Deformation ◽  
Stress States ◽  
Comprehensive Study

As part of a comprehensive study of microstructural and mechanical response of metals to uniaxial and biaxial deformations, the development of substructure in 1100 A1 has been studied over a range of plastic strain for two stress states.Specimens of 1100 aluminum annealed at 350 C were tested in uniaxial (UT) and balanced biaxial tension (BBT) at room temperature to different strain levels. The biaxial specimens were produced by the in-plane punch stretching technique. Areas of known strain levels were prepared for TEM by lapping followed by jet electropolishing. All specimens were examined in a JEOL 200B run at 150 and 200 kV within 24 to 36 hours after testing.The development of the substructure with deformation is shown in Fig. 1 for both stress states. Initial deformation produces dislocation tangles, which form cell walls by 10% uniaxial deformation, and start to recover to form subgrains by 25%. The results of several hundred measurements of cell/subgrain sizes by a linear intercept technique are presented in Table I.

Cryosectioning plant roots prepared by high-pressure freezing

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 662-663
Author(s):  
R.E. Crang ◽  
M. Mueller ◽  
K. Zierold
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Ice Crystal ◽  
High Pressure Freezing ◽  
Vitreous State ◽  
Radial Depth ◽  
Irregular Topography ◽  
Considerable Depth ◽  
Conventional Freezing

Obtaining frozen-hydrated sections of plant tissues for electron microscopy and microanalysis has been considered difficult, if not impossible, due primarily to the considerable depth of effective freezing in the tissues which would be required. The greatest depth of vitreous freezing is generally considered to be only 15-20 μm in animal specimens. Plant cells are often much larger in diameter and, if several cells are required to be intact, ice crystal damage can be expected to be so severe as to prevent successful cryoultramicrotomy. The very nature of cell walls, intercellular air spaces, irregular topography, and large vacuoles often make it impractical to use immersion, metal-mirror, or jet freezing techniques for botanical material.However, it has been proposed that high-pressure freezing (HPF) may offer an alternative to the more conventional freezing techniques, inasmuch as non-cryoprotected specimens may be frozen in a vitreous, or near-vitreous state, to a radial depth of at least 0.5 mm.

Characterization of machined polystyrene foam

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 372-373
Author(s):  
C. W. Price ◽  
E. F. Lindsey ◽  
R. M. Franks ◽  
M. A. Lane
Keyword(s):  
Surface Finish ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Surface Structures ◽  
Efficient Technique ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Polystyrene Foam ◽  
Planar Surfaces ◽  
Machining Characteristics

Diamond-point turning is an efficient technique for machining low-density polystyrene foam, and the surface finish can be substantially improved by grinding. However, both diamond-point turning and grinding tend to tear and fracture cell walls and leave asperities formed by agglomerations of fragmented cell walls. Vibratoming is proving to be an excellent technique to form planar surfaces in polystyrene, and the machining characteristics of vibratoming and diamond-point turning are compared.Our work has demonstrated that proper evaluation of surface structures in low density polystyrene foam requires stereoscopic examinations; tilts of + and − 3 1/2 degrees were used for the stereo pairs. Coating does not seriously distort low-density polystyrene foam. Therefore, the specimens were gold-palladium coated and examined in a Hitachi S-800 FESEM at 5 kV.

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