Discerning the effects of phosphate status on the metabolism of hybrid poplar

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-169
Author(s):  
Letitia M Da Ros ◽  
Raju Y Soolanayakanahally ◽  
Shawn D Mansfield
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acid ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Growth Strategies ◽  
Charge Balance ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Counter Ions ◽  
Bud Set ◽  
Low Phosphorus ◽  
Similar Growth

Abstract Accumulation of phosphate in leaves as external environmental phosphate concentrations increase has been observed across the plant kingdom. The excess storage of anions, such as phosphate, has various metabolic trade-offs, including a corresponding influx of counter-ions to maintain charge balance and/or the reduction in organic acid content to maintain internal pH. The leaves and roots of four hybrid poplar genotypes were tested for differences in metabolic response to increasing external phosphate and further effects on patterns of anion resorption among hybrid poplar and willow were explored. Organic acid concentrations increased or remained constant across treatments, suggesting that metabolic adjustments were made in response to greater influxes of inorganic cations rather than a response to increasing phosphate. During senescence, the hybrid poplar Tristis had higher sulfate and organic acid resorption, while hybrid willow, AAFC-5, had higher phosphate resorption proficiencies, suggesting differing anion remobilization mechanisms. Furthermore, phosphate accumulation was shown to continue well after bud-set in poplar hybrids, which may contribute to the low phosphorus resorption efficiency. This indicates that closely related species, with similar growth strategies, show preferential resorption toward different nutrients.

scholarly journals The Jena Diversity-Dynamic Global Vegetation Model (JeDi-DGVM): a diverse approach to representing terrestrial biogeography and biogeochemistry based on plant functional trade-offs

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 4137-4177 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Pavlick ◽  
D. T. Drewry ◽  
K. Bohn ◽  
B. Reu ◽  
A. Kleidon
Keyword(s):  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Grid Cell ◽  
Surface Fluxes ◽  
Growth Strategies ◽  
Vegetation Model ◽  
Terrestrial Biosphere ◽  
Dynamic Global Vegetation Model ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Global Vegetation

Abstract. Terrestrial biosphere models typically abstract the immense diversity of vegetation forms and functioning into a relatively small set of predefined semi-empirical plant functional types (PFTs). There is growing evidence, however, from the field ecology community as well as from modelling studies that current PFT schemes may not adequately represent the observed variations in plant functional traits and their effect on ecosystem functioning. In this paper, we introduce the Jena Diversity-Dynamic Global Vegetation Model (JeDi-DGVM) as a new approach to terrestrial biosphere modelling with a richer representation of functional diversity than traditional modelling approaches based on a small number of fixed PFTs. JeDi-DGVM simulates the performance of a large number of randomly generated plant growth strategies, each defined by a set of 15 trait parameters which characterize various aspects of plant functioning including carbon allocation, ecophysiology and phenology. Each trait parameter is involved in one or more functional trade-offs. These trade-offs ultimately determine whether a strategy is able to survive under the climatic conditions in a given model grid cell and its performance relative to the other strategies. The biogeochemical fluxes and land surface properties of the individual strategies are aggregated to the grid-cell scale using a mass-based weighting scheme. We evaluate the simulated global biogeochemical patterns against a variety of field and satellite-based observations following a protocol established by the Carbon-Land Model Intercomparison Project. The land surface fluxes and vegetation structural properties are reasonably well simulated by JeDi-DGVM, and compare favourably with other state-of-the-art global vegetation models. We also evaluate the simulated patterns of functional diversity and the sensitivity of the JeDi-DGVM modelling approach to the number of sampled strategies. Altogether, the results demonstrate the parsimonious and flexible nature of a functional trade-off approach to global vegetation modelling, i.e. it can provide more types of testable outputs than standard PFT-based approaches and with fewer inputs. The approach implemented here in JeDi-DGVM sets the foundation for future applications that will explore the impacts of explicitly resolving diverse plant communities, allowing for a more flexible temporal and spatial representation of the structure and function of the terrestrial biosphere.

Where do leaf water leaks come from? Trade‐offs underlying the variability in minimum conductance across tropical savanna species with contrasting growth strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 229 (3) ◽  
pp. 1415-1430
Author(s):  
Renan Machado ◽  
Lucas Loram‐Lourenço ◽  
Fernanda Santos Farnese ◽  
Rauander Douglas Ferreira Barros Alves ◽  
Letícia Ferreira Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Water ◽  
Tropical Savanna ◽  
Growth Strategies ◽  
Trade Offs

scholarly journals Exudation of organic acid anions by tropical grasses in response to low phosphorus availability

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Silva Almeida ◽  
Lucas Benes Delai ◽  
Alexandra Christine Helena Franklan Sawaya ◽  
Ciro Antonio Rosolem
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
P Availability ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Tropical Grasses ◽  
Shoot:Root Ratio ◽  
Low Phosphorus ◽  
Guinea Grass

Abstract It has been suggested that some tropical grasses can acquire phosphorus (P) from hematite and gypsite by exuding organic acid anions (OAs). However, it remains to be determined exactly which OAs could be involved in each case. The objective of this study was to verify the exudation OAs by ruzigrass (Urochloa ruziziensis), palisade grass (U. brizantha), and Guinea grass (Megathyrsus maximus) as a response to P deficiency. The grasses were grown in leachate columns with adequate and deficient P nutrient solutions. The concentration of OAs in the leacheate and root surface, as well as shoot and root dry matter, and P uptake were determined. Citrate, isocitrate, and malate concentration in leachates and root surfaces increased with P starvation, mainly for the Urochloa grasses. Oxalate exudation was similar for the grasses under adequate P supply, but was lower in Guinea grass under P starvation. Palisade grass showed a higher concentration of total OAs in the root surface than the other species due to a great production of oxalate and isocitrate. Palisade grass showed greater dry matter yields regardless of P deficiency, and Guinea grass always had the higher shoot:root ratio. Urochloa grasses have a higher capacity to cope with low P availability by exuding OAs along with a lower shoot:root ratio than Guinea grass.

Determination of organic acid drug counter-ions by capillary electrophoresis

1997 ◽  
Vol 44 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 367-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. D. Altria ◽  
K. H. Assi ◽  
S. M. Bryant ◽  
B. J. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Capillary Electrophoresis ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Counter Ions

Growth of five hybrid poplar genotypes exposed to interacting elevated CO2 and O3

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1706-1716 ◽  
Author(s):  
R E Dickson ◽  
M D Coleman ◽  
D E Riemenschneider ◽  
J G Isebrands ◽  
G D Hogan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Growth Strategies ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Plant Parts

A wide variety of hybrid poplar clones are being introduced for intensive culture biomass production, but the potential clonal or genotypic response to increasing tropospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), ozone (O3), and their interactions are unknown. To study these effects, we exposed five different hybrid Populus clones to increased concentrations of CO2, O3, and CO2 + O3 in open-top chambers for one growing season and determined growth responses. Exposure to elevated CO2 increased height growth, dry mass, and basal area; exposure to O3 decreased all three of these growth responses. Exposure impact differed among the different plant parts (leaf, stem, and roots) and among the clones. These differences were associated with different growth strategies or carbon allocation patterns inherent in the different clones. The fastest growing clones had the greatest response to O3 treatment. The addition of CO2 to the O3 exposure counteracted the negative impact of O3 in all plant components except leaf mass (e.g., CO2 + O3 plant mass equaled control plant mass) in all of the clones. But correspondingly, added O3 negated increased growth from CO2. Genetic variation in response to atmospheric pollutants must be considered even in closely related genotypes found in Populus culture.

scholarly journals Expression Profiling of Flavonoid Biosynthesis Genes and Secondary Metabolites Accumulation in Populus under Drought Stress

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (18) ◽  
pp. 5546
Author(s):  
Umair Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Junaid Rao ◽  
Cheng Qi ◽  
Qi Xie ◽  
Hamza Armghan Noushahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
As Stress

Flavonoids are key secondary metabolites that are biologically active and perform diverse functions in plants such as stress defense against abiotic and biotic stress. In addition to its importance, no comprehensive information has been available about the secondary metabolic response of Populus tree, especially the genes that encode key enzymes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis under drought stress. In this study, the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that the expression of flavonoid biosynthesis genes (PtPAL, Pt4-CL, PtCHS, PtFLS-1, PtF3H, PtDFR, and PtANS) gradually increased in the leaves of hybrid poplar (P. tremula × P. alba), corresponding to the drought stress duration. In addition, the activity and capacity of antioxidants have also increased, which is positively correlated with the increment of phenolic, flavonoid, anthocyanin, and carotenoid compounds under drought stress. As the drought stress prolonged, the level of reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and singlet oxygen (O2−) too increased. The concentration of phytohormone salicylic acid (SA) also increased significantly in the stressed poplar leaves. Our research concluded that drought stress significantly induced the expression of flavonoid biosynthesis genes in hybrid poplar plants and enhanced the accumulation of phenolic and flavonoid compounds with resilient antioxidant activity.

The Water-Energy-Food Nexus in Arid Regions

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Keulertz ◽  
Jeannie Sowers ◽  
Eckart Woertz ◽  
Rabi Mohtar
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Arabian Gulf ◽  
The United States ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Growth Strategies ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Management And Development

Systems of producing, consuming, and distributing water, energy, and food involve trade-offs that are rarely explicitly considered by firms and policymakers. The idea of the water-energy-food “nexus” represents an attempt to formalize these trade-offs into decision-making processes. Multinational food and beverage firms operating in arid regions were early promoters of nexus approaches, followed by aid donors, consultancies, and international institutions seeking a new paradigm for resource management and development planning. The first generation of nexus research focused on quantitative input-output modeling to empirically demonstrate interdependencies and options for optimizing resource management. This chapter employs a different approach, analyzing institutional “problemsheds” that shape the implementation of nexus initiatives in arid regions of the United States, the Persian/Arabian Gulf, and China. Our analysis reveals how nexus approaches are conditioned by property rights regimes, economic growth strategies based on resource extraction, and the ability to externalize environmental costs to other regions and states.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document