scholarly journals A6 Does treatment cause virulence changes in HIV-1?

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Hodgson ◽  
Stéphane Hué ◽  
Jasmina Panovska-Griffiths ◽  
Atila Iamarino ◽  
Katherine E Atkins
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Mathematical Framework ◽  
The Public ◽  
Test And Treat ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract Antiretroviral treatment (ART) has provided substantial benefits for HIV-1-infected patients and has reduced incidence in areas with high uptake since its introduction in the late 1980s. As ART has led to shifts in the worldwide epidemiology of HIV-1, it may also have the potential to cause concomitant selective pressure on the virus population. Evidence for changes in HIV-1 virulence since the introduction of ART appears to be inconsistent. As well as reviewing both empirical and theoretical studies on the likely impact of ART on HIV-1 virulence, we developed a mathematical framework to evaluate the likely impact of ART on virulence selection under the widespread treatment programs and the future impact of recent test-and-treat recommendations. By quantifying both the relationship between virulence changes with the transmissibility through disease progression and the speed of diagnosis and treatment, we reconcile observational studies on virulence changes with the mathematical model predictions. On adoption of new test-and-treat programs—synonymous with early detection and immediate treatment—it is likely that increased virulence will be observed. Our findings highlight the potential public health consequences of mass treatment and the ensuing requirement for greater access and adherence to nullify the public health effect of these virulence changes.

PELAYANAN PUBLIK KESEHATAN PUSKESMAS DALAM MEMBERIKAN KEPUASAN MASYARAKAT DI KABUPATEN SUMENEP

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aryo Wibisono ◽  
R. Amilia Destryana
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Public Health Center ◽  
The Public ◽  
Regression Methods ◽  
Total Satisfaction ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to determine the index of public satisfaction in public health center services in Sumenep Regency and the relationship between the services to the public satisfaction. The analysis measured the index of public satisfaction and logistic regression methods to determine the effect of the relationship on total satisfaction in the health services of Public Health Center. The results of the study are the alignment between interests and patient satisfaction is still not aligned, there are still differences between interests and satisfaction, the pattern of the result is the relationship between the assurance dimension to the service satisfaction of the public health center, and the results of the index of public satisfaction  values show that the results of the community assess the public health center performance is very good by getting an A grade. Keywords: public service, logistic regretion, index of public satisfaction

scholarly journals Populist radical right parties, welfare policy and population health in Europe

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Rinaldi ◽  
M P M Bekker
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Population Health ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Political System ◽  
Radical Right ◽  
The Political ◽  
Policy Agenda ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background The political system is an important influencing factor for population health but is often neglected in the public health literature. This scoping review uses insights from political science to explore the possible public health consequences of the rise of populist radical right (PRR) parties in Europe, with welfare state policy as a proxy. The aim is to generate hypotheses about the relationship between the PRR, political systems and public health. Methods A literature search on PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar resulted in 110 original research articles addressing 1) the relationship between the political system and welfare state policy/population health outcomes or 2) the relationship between PRR parties and welfare state policy/population health outcomes in Europe. Results The influence of political parties on population health seems to be mediated by welfare state policies. Early symptoms point towards possible negative effects of the PRR on public health, by taking a welfare chauvinist position. Despite limited literature, there are preliminary indications that the effect of PRR parties on health and welfare policy depends on vote-seeking or office-seeking strategies and may be mediated by the political system in which they act. Compromises with coalition partners, electoral institutions and the type of healthcare system can either restrain or exacerbate the effects of the PRR policy agenda. EU laws and regulations can to some extent restrict the nativist policy agenda of PRR parties. Conclusions The relationship between the PRR and welfare state policy seems to be mediated by the political system, meaning that the public health consequences will differ by country. Considering the increased popularity of populist parties in Europe and the possibly harmful consequences for public health, there is a need for further research on the link between the PRR and public health.

scholarly journals Distance from the outbreak of infection, ozone pollution and public health consequences of SARS-CoV-2 epidemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Tripepi ◽  
Mario Plebani ◽  
Giorgio Iervasi ◽  
Mercedes Gori ◽  
Daniela Leonardis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Ozone Pollution ◽  
Health Consequences ◽  
The Public ◽  
Italian Provinces ◽  
Breakpoint Analysis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Italian Province ◽  
Optimal Radius

Abstract Background Italy was the second country in the world, after China, to be hit by SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The Italy’s experience teaches that steps to limit people’s movement by imposing “red zones” need to be put in place early by carefully identifying the cities to be included within these areas of quarantine. The assessment of the relationship between the distance from an established outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infection with transmission-linked cases and mortality observed in other sites could provide useful information to identify the optimal radius of red zones. Methods We investigated the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 cases and the distance of each Italian province from the first outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Italy (the city of Lodi placed in the Lombardia region). In 38 provinces of Lombardia and neighboring regions, we performed a breakpoint analysis to identify the radius of the red zone around Lodi minimizing epidemic spread and mortality in neighboring cities. Results In all Italian provinces a non-linear relationship was found between SARS-CoV-2 cases and distance from Lodi. In an analysis including the provinces of Lombardia and neighboring regions, SARS-CoV-2 cases and mortality increased when the distance from Lodi reduced below 92 km and 140 km, respectively, and such relationships were amplified by ozone (O3) pollution. Conclusions The breakpoint analysis identifies the radius around the outbreak of Lodi minimizing the public health consequences of SARS-CoV-2 in neighboring cities. Such an approach can be useful to identify the red zones in future epidemics due to highly infective pathogens similar to SARS-CoV-2.

The public health significance of HIV-1 subtypes

AIDS ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. S59-S71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iain D. Tatt ◽  
Katrina L. Barlow ◽  
Angus Nicoll ◽  
Jonathan P. Clewley
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Significance ◽  
Health Significance ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Cardiovascular Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sydne DiGiacomo ◽  
Mohammad-Ali Jazayeri ◽  
Rajat Barua ◽  
John Ambrose
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
The United States ◽  
Active Smoking ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Relationship

Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and its sequelae are among the largest economic and healthcare burdens in the United States and worldwide. The relationship between active smoking and atherosclerosis is well-described in the literature. However, the specific mechanisms by which ETS influences atherosclerosis are incompletely understood. In this paper, we highlight the definition and chemical constituents of ETS, review the existing literature outlining the effects of ETS on atherogenesis and thrombosis in both animal and human models, and briefly outline the public health implications of ETS based on these data.

Exploring the Relationship between ICTs and Public Health at Country Level

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viju Raghupathi ◽  
Wullianallur Raghupathi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Child Immunization ◽  
The Public ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Public Health Indicators ◽  
The Relationship

The authors use a health analytics approach to investigate the relationship between information and communication technology (ICT) and public health at a country level. The research uses the ICT factors of accessibility, usage, quality, affordability, trade, and applications, as well as the public delivery indicators of adolescent fertility rate, child immunization for DPT, child immunization for measles, tuberculosis detection rate, life expectancy, adult female mortality rate, and adult male mortality rate. ICT data was collected from the International Telecommunication Union ICT Indicator database. The public health data was collected from the World Bank website. Results of the analytics indicate that ICT factors are positively associated with some public health indicators. Nearly all of the ICT factors are positively associated with the public health indicators of immunization rates, TB detection rates, and life expectancy. The association with adult mortality is negative, which is also favorable. However, the association of ICT with fertility rate is negative, which is an unfavorable effect. These results offer insight into the importance of understanding the positive and adverse impacts of ICT on public health so as to guide national policy decisions in the future.

Legal Preparedness for Obesity Prevention and Control: The Structural Framework and the Role of Government

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (S1) ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
Demetrios L. Kouzoukas
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
The Public ◽  
Legal Advice ◽  
Structural Framework ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
Public Health Practitioners ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

This paper discusses the relationship between obesity, law, and public health preparedness as well as the relevant roles of public health practitioners, policymakers, and lawyers. Each group believes they have a unique role in this relationship although there can be overlap and/or lack of clarity as to what that role may be.The role of the lawyer in the public policy process is to identify relevant legal issues, to analyze them and give advice on the risks of taking a given action, and to communicate legal advice in a clear manner. Simply put, the lawyer’s role is to dive deep into the law surrounding the topic at hand and to offer advice regarding the permissible limits of policymakers’ options and the associated risks.

scholarly journals Estimating the public health impact of the effect of herpes simplex virus suppressive therapy on plasma HIV-1 viral load

AIDS ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1005-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca F Baggaley ◽  
Jamie T Griffin ◽  
Ruth Chapman ◽  
T Déirdre Hollingsworth ◽  
Nicolas Nagot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Public Health Impact ◽  
Suppressive Therapy ◽  
The Public ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Undergraduate paramedic students’ experience of paramedic tutors teaching public health

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marguerite Claire Sendall ◽  
Athena Ng ◽  
Laura McCosker
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health System ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Teaching Style ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Second Year ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

Introduction Previous studies have shown teaching public health in medical courses improves students’ analytical, problem-solving and communication skills. However, little research to date has shown if public health teaching is helpful to paramedic students. The aim of this study was to examine if having paramedic tutors teach public health had a positive effect on students’ learning and interest in public health. Methods 184 second-year paramedic students at an Australian university completed a printed survey and provided feedback about their learning experience. Students answered multiple choice and open-ended questions about whether their understanding of a public health subject was improved by having a paramedic tutor, and if having different tutors each week affected students’ learning. Results Most students reported their understanding of public health improved when the subject was taught by a paramedic tutor and when paramedic scenario examples were included in teaching. Nearly half felt having different tutors each week made learning difficult. The following themes emerged from student narratives: the relevance of public health to their career; an improved understanding of public health; a realisation about the importance of public health; difficulties presented by an inconsistent teaching style; and poor follow-up and conflicting advice. Conclusion Teaching public health from a paramedic perspective enabled students to understand the relevance of paramedic practice and the role paramedics play in the public health system. Having the same paramedic tutor teaching each week helped students understand the relationship between public health and paramedic practice.

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