scholarly journals Prescribed Burning Costs and the WUI: Economic Effects in the Pacific Northwest

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison H. Berry ◽  
Geoffrey Donovan ◽  
Hayley Hesseln
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Fire Regime ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Wildland Urban Interface ◽  
Fuels Management ◽  
Site Characteristics ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Treatment Type ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Federal fuels managers are increasingly using prescribed fire to decrease hazardous fuels and risks to resources in wildland and urban settings. Two factors have become apparent throughout the last several years: prescribed burning costs are rising, and costs exhibit substantial variability (NIFC 2003). Federal fire managers are bound by federal policy to allocate resources efficiently, yet this is difficult without a full understanding of the cost structure of fuels management. Previous studies have examined factors influencing costs but have also grappled with a lack of consistent or reliable data. This study uses FASTRACS (Fuel Analysis, Smoke Tracking, Report Access Computer System), a database maintained by the Pacific Northwest region of the Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management. The database provides information for Washington and Oregon on costs, physical site characteristics, and managerial concerns for fuels management activities. Using multiple regression analysis, we show that the cost of fuels management is influenced by the wildland-urban interface, number of acres treated, designated protection areas, slope, elevation, treatment type, fire regime, agency, and season. Prescribed burning in the wildland-urban interface increased costs, ceteris paribus, 139%. Findings with respect to physical site characteristics were similar to those found in previous research.

Responding to an Introduced Pathogen: Podosphaera macularis (Hop Powdery Mildew) in the Pacific Northwest

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter F. Mahaffee ◽  
Carla S. Thomas ◽  
William W. Turechek ◽  
Cynthia M. Ocamb ◽  
Mark E. Nelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Sphaerotheca Macularis ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Podosphaera Macularis

Powdery mildew of hop (Humulus lupus L.), which is caused by Podosphaera macularis (formerly Sphaerotheca macularis) was found in the Yakima Valley, WA in 1996 and subsequently spread to the growing regions in Oregon and northern and southern Idaho. To rapidly assist growers in reducing the cost associated with the preventive fungicide program, the Gubler/Thomas grape powdery mildew risk infection model was adapted for hops. In addition, field surveys were utilized to identify other management practices that impacted disease development. Weather networks were established and utilized to deliver daily regional maps indicating the risk index. These maps were posted to the web for daily access. Lessons learned from this experience will be useful in addressing future pathogen introductions. Accepted for publication 28 March 2003. Published 13 November 2003.

The cost-effectiveness of telestroke in the Pacific Northwest region of the USA

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 413-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E Nelson ◽  
Nicholas Okon ◽  
Alexandra C Lesko ◽  
Jennifer J Majersik ◽  
Archit Bhatt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Northwest Region

Achieving Conservation Biology Objectives with Fire in the Pacific Northwest

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
James K. Agee
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Conservation Biology ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Fire Regime ◽  
Fire Frequency ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
High Dispersal ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Ecosystem Level

Fire has been a part of natural ecosystems for many millennia. The species of those ecosystems have evolved through a series of “coarse filters,” one of which is resistance or resilience to disturbance by fire. Plant adaptations to fire include the ability to sprout, seed bank adaptations in the soil or canopy, high dispersal ability for seeds, and thick bark. These adaptations are often to a particular fire regime, or combination of fire frequency, intensity, extent, and season. Fire can be used by managers to achieve species to ecosystem-level conservation biology objectives. Examples using prescribed fire include the grasslands of the Puget Trough of Washington State, maintenance of oak woodlands, and perpetuation of ponderosa pine/mixed-conifer forests.

Stump-to-Truck Cable Logging Cost Equations for Young-Growth Douglas-fir

1986 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris B. LeDoux ◽  
Roger D. Fight ◽  
Tom L. Ortman
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Mountainous Terrain ◽  
Desktop Computers ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Studies ◽  
Young Growth ◽  
Cost Components ◽  
Hand Calculator

Abstract Logging cost simulators and data from logging cost studies have been assembled and converted into a series of equations that can be used to estimate the cost of logging young-growth coastal Douglas-fir. (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco var. menziesii) in mountainous terrain of the Pacific Northwest. These equations were developed for two small cable yarders and one medium-sized yarder and are applicable for harvests of timber from 6 to 24 inches in diameter on slopes of 10 to 50%. Cost components can be easily Calculated on a hand calculator. A computer program that can be adapted to many desktop computers and that will calculate the total stump-to-truck logging cost for a specified set of logging conditions is also available. West. J. Appl. For. 1:19-21, Jan. 1986.

scholarly journals Emissions from prescribed burning of agricultural fields in the Pacific Northwest

2017 ◽  
Vol 166 ◽  
pp. 22-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.L. Holder ◽  
B.K. Gullett ◽  
S.P. Urbanski ◽  
R. Elleman ◽  
S. O'Neill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
The Pacific

Abstract W MP84: Telestroke Network Cost-Effectiveness in the Pacific Northwest: Geography and Facility Size Support a Cost-Sharing Model Between Hub and Spoke

Stroke ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Okon ◽  
Richard Nelson ◽  
Jennifer Majersik ◽  
Alexandra Lesko ◽  
Archit Bhatt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Cost Sharing ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Decision Analytic Model ◽  
Cost Burden ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Life Years ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Facility Size

Background: Stroke care in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) is challenging due to vast distances between small facilities and stroke experts. Regional stroke centers have adopted telestroke to meet this challenge, but often bear the entire cost burden. We sought to determine the effect of distance and facility size on cost-effectiveness of telestroke implementation within our PNW Telestroke Network. Methods: We used a decision analytic model with input parameters obtained from patient-level clinical and hospital costs and reimbursements from the Oregon Providence Telestroke Network using pre- and post-telestroke implementation data. Using a one-year time horizon, we calculated the cost-effectiveness of telestroke for spoke facility characteristics of: (1) stroke volume (</≥ 25/yr), (2) distance to hub facility (</≥ 130 miles), and (3) number of hospital beds (</≥ 70). Data included all acute ischemic stroke patients presenting at the spoke hospitals within 4.5 hours of symptom onset. Probability inputs included IV-tPA treatment rates and transfer status. Effectiveness, measured as quality adjusted life years (QALYs), and costs, were combined to calculate incremental cost effectiveness ratios (ICERs) for the spoke hospitals. ICER’s of <$50,000-$120,000/QALY are considered cost-effective. Outcomes were stratified by percentage of cost burden for implementation by the spoke. Results: See Table 1. Conclusions: Our results suggest that despite the unique characteristics of the PNW, telestroke remained cost effective and the cost effectiveness of telestroke was not affected by bedsize, distance from hub or stroke volumes. Thus, a cost-sharing model may be a feasible solution to telestroke network economic sustainability.

The “Strings Attached” to Community Difference and Potential Pathways to Fire Adaptiveness in the Wildland Urban Interface

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark C Billings ◽  
Matthew S Carroll ◽  
Travis B Paveglio
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Wildland Urban Interface ◽  
Wildfire Risk ◽  
Potential Barriers ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
Reduce Risk ◽  
Risk Reduction Strategies ◽  
Community Difference

Abstract This article identifies specific social characteristics in two wildland urban interface communities that may have significant impacts on the ability of those communities to adapt to wildfire. Researchers used a mixed-methods approach to triangulate results to identify potential views and motives surrounding three important behaviors and values related to crafting potential strategies to mitigate wildfire risk. The analysis of quantitative data in the form of responses to Likert-type questions and qualitative data in the form of responses to questions asked during focus group sessions yielded a deeper understanding of the way the terms independence and trust are conceptualized from one community to another. Understanding what these concepts mean in the context of a given community is essential to understanding how to move forward with strategies to reduce risk and eliminate potential barriers to doing so. Study Implications Two important social characteristics of wildland urban interface (WUI) communities are trust and independence. Trust and independence look different in different types of communities. The two terms also encapsulate a range of meanings that vary depending on local social context. Being able to identify what types of trust and independence are present in a particular WUI community can help practitioners craft wildfire risk reduction strategies that are most likely to be well received and successfully integrated into individual WUI communities. This article offers examples of how these characteristics manifest themselves in two different communities in the Pacific Northwest.

Alternative Silvicultural Regimes in the Pacific Northwest: Simulations of Ecological and Economic Effects

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Hansen ◽  
Steven L. Garman ◽  
James F. Weigand ◽  
Dean L. Urban ◽  
William C. McComb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
The Pacific

scholarly journals Where wildfires destroy buildings in the US relative to the wildland–urban interface and national fire outreach programs

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 329 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Anu Kramer ◽  
Miranda H. Mockrin ◽  
Patricia M. Alexandre ◽  
Susan I. Stewart ◽  
Volker C. Radeloff
Keyword(s):  
Fire Regime ◽  
Wildland Urban Interface ◽  
Wildfire Management ◽  
Outreach Programs ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Us ◽  
Wildfire Suppression ◽  
Building Loss ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Substantial Effort

Over the past 30 years, the cost of wildfire suppression and homes lost to wildfire in the US have increased dramatically, driven in part by the expansion of the wildland–urban interface (WUI), where buildings and wildland vegetation meet. In response, the wildfire management community has devoted substantial effort to better understand where buildings and vegetation co-occur, and to establish outreach programs to reduce wildfire damage to homes. However, the extent to which the location of buildings affected by wildfire overlaps the WUI, and where and when outreach programs are established relative to wildfire, is unclear. We found that most threatened and destroyed buildings in the conterminous US were within the WUI (59 and 69% respectively), but this varied considerably among states. Buildings closest to existing Firewise communities sustained lower rates of destruction than further distances. Fires with the greatest building loss were close to outreach programs, but the nearest Firewise community was established after wildfires had occurred for 76% of destroyed buildings. In these locations, and areas new to the WUI or where the fire regime is predicted to change, pre-emptive outreach could improve the likelihood of building survival and reduce the human and financial costs of structure loss.

scholarly journals Choosing A University: Applying Student Experiences To Managerial Accounting Concepts

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Barbara Reider ◽  
Belva Jones ◽  
Barbara Chaney ◽  
Kristen Sohlberg
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Public University ◽  
Student Experiences ◽  
Managerial Accounting ◽  
Fictional Character ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
University Selection ◽  
Cost Behavior ◽  
The Cost

This case allows students to apply their recent university-selection experience to managerial accounting concepts. For some students, the decision to attend a particular university is easy; for others, the number of factors to consider may appear overwhelming. We provide a realistic scenario for making this decision that focuses on both financial considerations and important qualitative aspects of college. Our goal is to provide students a concrete example that allows them to utilize their experience in making this decision with the cost concepts necessary in understanding managerial accounting. Our fictional character, Amy, is choosing between an in-state public university, an out-of-state public university, and a private college in the Pacific Northwest. Instructors can use this case to reinforce cost concepts, cost behavior, and relevant costs.

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