scholarly journals Limitation of Nocturnal ATP Import into Chloroplasts Seems to Affect Hormonal Crosstalk, Prime Defense, and Enhance Disease Resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 1584-1591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gudrun Schmitz ◽  
Thomas Reinhold ◽  
Cornelia Göbel ◽  
Ivo Feussner ◽  
H. Ekkehard Neuhaus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Enhanced Resistance ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Hormonal Crosstalk ◽  
Hyaloperonospora Arabidopsidis

When grown under short-day conditions at low light, leaves of an Arabidopsis thaliana (accession Col-0) mutant with defects in the two genes encoding plastid ATP/ADP antiporters (so-called ntt1-2 null mutants) display a variety of physiological changes. These include the formation of necrotic lesions and the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide in the leaves. Here, we show that, under short-day conditions, leaves of the ntt1-2 mutant display enhanced resistance to Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis, Botrytis cinerea, and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. Resistance to these pathogens was associated with constitutively elevated levels of the plant hormone salicylic acid and, eventually, jasmonic acid, and constitutive or primed activation after pathogen attack of various defense genes that are dependent on these hormones. In addition, the antagonistic crosstalk between the salicylic acid and jasmonic acid signaling pathways seems to be affected in ntt1-2. Because the enhanced resistance of ntt1-2 to H. arabidopsidis was not seen when the mutant was grown under long-day conditions, our findings argue that nocturnal ATP import into chloroplasts is crucial to keep A. thaliana from runaway activation of pathogen resistance.

scholarly journals Facilitation of Fusarium graminearum Infection by 9-Lipoxygenases in Arabidopsis and Wheat

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1142-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vamsi J. Nalam ◽  
Syeda Alam ◽  
Jantana Keereetaweep ◽  
Barney Venables ◽  
Dehlia Burdan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Enhanced Resistance ◽  
Susceptibility Factors ◽  
Ja Signaling ◽  
Important Disease

Fusarium graminearum causes Fusarium head blight, an important disease of wheat. F. graminearum can also cause disease in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis LOX1 and LOX5 genes, which encode 9-lipoxygenases (9-LOXs), are targeted during this interaction to facilitate infection. LOX1 and LOX5 expression were upregulated in F. graminearum–inoculated plants and loss of LOX1 or LOX5 function resulted in enhanced disease resistance in the corresponding mutant plants. The enhanced resistance to F. graminearum infection in the lox1 and lox5 mutants was accompanied by more robust induction of salicylic acid (SA) accumulation and signaling and attenuation of jasmonic acid (JA) signaling in response to infection. The lox1- and lox5-conferred resistance was diminished in plants expressing the SA-degrading salicylate hydroxylase or by the application of methyl-JA. Results presented here suggest that plant 9-LOXs are engaged during infection to control the balance between SA and JA signaling to facilitate infection. Furthermore, since silencing of TaLpx-1 encoding a 9-LOX with homology to LOX1 and LOX5, resulted in enhanced resistance against F. graminearum in wheat, we suggest that 9-LOXs have a conserved role as susceptibility factors in disease caused by this important fungus in Arabidopsis and wheat.

scholarly journals Salicylic acid biosynthesis is enhanced and contributes to increased biotrophic pathogen resistance in Arabidopsis hybrids

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Yang ◽  
Bosheng Li ◽  
Xiao-yu Zheng ◽  
Jigang Li ◽  
Mei Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Histone H3 ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Histone H3 Acetylation ◽  
H3 Acetylation

Abstract Heterosis, the phenotypic superiority of a hybrid over its parents, has been demonstrated for many traits in Arabidopsis thaliana, but its effect on defence remains largely unexplored. Here, we show that hybrids between some A. thaliana accessions show increased resistance to the biotrophic bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000. Comparisons of transcriptomes between these hybrids and their parents after inoculation reveal that several key salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis genes are significantly upregulated in hybrids. Moreover, SA levels are higher in hybrids than in either parent. Increased resistance to Pst DC3000 is significantly compromised in hybrids of pad4 mutants in which the SA biosynthesis pathway is blocked. Finally, increased histone H3 acetylation of key SA biosynthesis genes correlates with their upregulation in infected hybrids. Our data demonstrate that enhanced activation of SA biosynthesis in A. thaliana hybrids may contribute to their increased resistance to a biotrophic bacterial pathogen.

scholarly journals Systemic Acquired Resistance in Canola Is Linked with Pathogenesis-Related Gene Expression and Requires Salicylic Acid

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 794-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shobha D. Potlakayala ◽  
Darwin W. Reed ◽  
Patrick S. Covello ◽  
Pierre R. Fobert
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Induced Defense ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Avirulent Strain ◽  
Enhanced Resistance ◽  
Pathogenesis Related

Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is an induced defense response that confers long-lasting protection against a broad range of microbial pathogens. Here we show that treatment of Brassica napus plants with the SAR-inducing chemical benzo-(1,2,3)-thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methyl ester (BTH) significantly enhanced resistance against virulent strains of the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola and the fungal pathogen Leptosphaeria maculans. Localized preinoculation of plants with an avirulent strain of P. syringae pv. maculicola also enhanced resistance to these pathogens but was not as effective as BTH treatment. Single applications of either SAR-inducing pretreatment were effective against P. syringae pv. maculicola, even when given more than 3 weeks prior to the secondary challenge. The pretreatments also led to the accumulation of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes, including BnPR-1 and BnPR-2, with higher levels of transcripts observed in the BTH-treatment material. B. napus plants expressing a bacterial salicylate hydroxylase transgene (NahG) that metabolizes salicylic acid to catechol were substantially compromised in SAR and accumulated reduced levels of PR gene transcripts when compared with untransformed controls. Thus, SAR in B. napus displays many of the hallmarks of classical SAR including long lasting and broad host range resistance, association with PR gene activation, and a requirement for salicylic acid.

Overexpression of salicylic acid carboxyl methyltransferase reduces salicylic acid-mediated pathogen resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeon Jong Koo ◽  
Myeong Ae Kim ◽  
Eun Hye Kim ◽  
Jong Tae Song ◽  
Choonkyun Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Carboxyl Methyltransferase

scholarly journals Ultraviolet radiation enhances salicylic acid-mediated defense signaling and resistance to Pseudomonas syringae DC3000 in a jasmonic acid-deficient tomato mutant

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. e1581560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocío Escobar Bravo ◽  
Gang Chen ◽  
Katharina Grosser ◽  
Nicole M. Van Dam ◽  
Kirsten A. Leiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Defense Signaling ◽  
Tomato Mutant

scholarly journals Does Psa affect kiwifruit susceptibility to leafrollers

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 162-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.G. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Crop Monitoring ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Pest Monitoring ◽  
Abiotic Stressors ◽  
Defence Responses ◽  
Hormonal Crosstalk

Analysis of kiwifruit industry pest monitoring and spray diary data showed increases in the incidence of leafroller larvae on fruit during crop monitoring in the 2011/12 season in regions with the virulent strain of the disease Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae (PsaV) Four factors were considered as explanations PsaV infection and its effects on plant defences leafroller sprays PsaV sprays and leafroller sampling The most plausible cause of the increased leafroller incidence is PsaV infection A putative mechanism is hormonal crosstalk resulting in a tradeoff between pest and pathogen resistance The susceptibility of vines to leafrollers in PsaVinfected regions appears to persist for several weeks longer after fruit set than in uninfected vines The paper discusses the need to develop a better understanding of the interactions of biotic and abiotic stressors on plant defence responses to pests and diseases and to incorporate these into a plantdefencecentred approach to Integrated Pest Management

scholarly journals Chitosan Oligosaccharide Induces Resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 in Arabidopsis thaliana by Activating Both Salicylic Acid– and Jasmonic Acid–Mediated Pathways

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 1271-1279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaochen Jia ◽  
Haihong Zeng ◽  
Wenxia Wang ◽  
Fuyun Zhang ◽  
Heng Yin
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Induced Resistance ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Plant Immunity ◽  
Chitosan Oligosaccharide ◽  
Induction Effect ◽  
Tomato Dc3000 ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) is an effective plant immunity elicitor; however, its induction mechanism in plants is complex and needs further investigation. In this study, the Arabidopsis–Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (hereafter called DC3000) interaction was used to investigate the induction effect and the underlying mechanisms of COS. COS is effective in inducing resistance to DC3000 in Arabidopsis, and our results demonstrate that treatment with COS 3 days before DC3000 inoculation provided the most effective resistance. Disease severity in jar1 (jasmonic acid [JA]-deficient mutant), NahG, and sid2 (salicylic acid [SA]-deficient mutants) suggest both the SA and JA pathways are required for the Arabidopsis response to DC3000. COS pretreatment induced resistance in wild type (WT), jar1, and also, although to a lesser degree, in NahG and sid2 plants, implying that the SA and JA pathways play redundant roles in COS-induced resistance to DC3000. In COS-pretreated plants, expression of genes related to the SA pathway (PR1, PR2, and PR5) and SA content increased in both WT and jar1. Moreover, expression of genes related to the JA pathway (PDF1.2 and VSP2) and JA content both increased in WT and NahG. In conclusion, COS induces resistance to DC3000 in Arabidopsis by activating both SA- and JA-mediated pathways, although SA and JA pathways play redundant roles in this COS-induced resistance.

scholarly journals  Resistance of Arabidopsis thaliana to the obligate biotrophic parasite Plasmodiophora brassicae

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽  
pp. 519-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Arbeiter ◽  
M. Fähling ◽  
H. Graf ◽  
M.D. Sacristán ◽  
J. Siemens
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Coding Sequences ◽  
Resistance Phenotype ◽  
Resistance Reaction

Two resistance phenotypes to P. brassicae have been found in A. thaliana. A first resistance phenotype has been detected to the isolate 'e<sub>2</sub>' and is polygenically inherited. The second resistance to isolate 'e<sub>3</sub>' is caused by the dominant resistance gene RPB1. By crossing no influence could be shown for salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and ethylene in the latter resistance reaction. The RPB1 locus was narrowed down to 71 kb on chromosome 1, where three pseudogenes and 13 coding sequences are located. Six of them showed cosegregation with RPB1. None of these sequences have similarities to identified resistance genes or other known genes. Ten coding sequences were expressed, but CDS9 was exclusively expressed in the resistant ecotype Tsu-0.

scholarly journals Salicylic Acid and Jasmonic Acid Pathways are Activated in Spatially Different Domains Around the Infection Site During Effector-Triggered Immunity in Arabidopsis thaliana

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeyuki Betsuyaku ◽  
Shinpei Katou ◽  
Yumiko Takebayashi ◽  
Hitoshi Sakakibara ◽  
Nobuhiko Nomura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Infection Site ◽  
Effector Triggered Immunity

scholarly journals Bacterial Compound N,N-Dimethylhexadecylamine Modulates Expression of Iron Deficiency and Defense Response Genes in Medicago truncatula Independently of the Jasmonic Acid Pathway

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicente Montejano-Ramírez ◽  
Ernesto García-Pineda ◽  
Eduardo Valencia-Cantero
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Iron Deprivation ◽  
Iron Deficient

Plants face a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses including attack by microbial phytopathogens and nutrient deficiencies. Some bacterial volatile organic compounds (VOCs) activate defense and iron-deficiency responses in plants. To establish a relationship between defense and iron deficiency through VOCs, we identified key genes in the defense and iron-deprivation responses of the legume model Medicago truncatula and evaluated the effect of the rhizobacterial VOC N,N-dimethylhexadecylamine (DMHDA) on the gene expression in these pathways by RT-qPCR. DMHDA increased M. truncatula growth 1.5-fold under both iron-sufficient and iron-deficient conditions compared with untreated plants, whereas salicylic acid and jasmonic acid decreased growth. Iron-deficiency induced iron uptake and defense gene expression. Moreover, the effect was greater in combination with DMHDA. Salicylic acid, Pseudomonas syringae, jasmonic acid, and Botrytis cinerea had inhibitory effects on growth and iron response gene expression but activated defense genes. Taken together, our results showed that the VOC DMHDA activates defense and iron-deprivation pathways while inducing a growth promoting effect unlike conventional phytohormones, highlighting that DMHDA does not mimic jasmonic acid but induces an alternative pathway. This is a novel aspect in the complex interactions between biotic and abiotic stresses.

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