scholarly journals The Transcriptome of Fusarium graminearum During the Infection of Wheat

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 995-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Lysøe ◽  
Kye-Yong Seong ◽  
H. Corby Kistler
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Global Gene Expression ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Complete Medium ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Evolutionary Selection ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
Fungal Genes

Fusarium graminearum causes head blight disease in wheat and barley. To help understand the infection process on wheat, we studied global gene expression of F. graminearum in a time series from 24 to 196 h after inoculation, compared with a noninoculated control. The infection was rapid and, after 48 h, over 4,000 fungal genes were expressed. The number of genes expressed increased over time up to 96 h (>8,000 genes), and then declined at the 144- and 192-h post-inoculation time points. After subtraction of genes found expressed on complete medium, during carbon or nitrogen starvation, and on barley, only 355 were found exclusively expressed in wheat, mostly genes with unknown function (72.6%). These genes were mainly found in single-nucleotide polymorphism-enriched islands on the chromosomes, suggesting a higher evolutionary selection pressure. The annotated genes were enriched in functional groups predicted to be involved in allantoin and allantoate transport, detoxification, nitrogen, sulfur and selenium metabolism, secondary metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and degradation of polysaccharides and ester compounds. Several putative secreted virulence factors were also found expressed in wheat.

scholarly journals Characterization of QTL and eQTL controlling early Fusarium graminearum infection and deoxynivalenol levels in a Wuhan 1 x Nyubai doubled haploid wheat population

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
François Fauteux ◽  
Yunli Wang ◽  
Hélène Rocheleau ◽  
Ziying Liu ◽  
Youlian Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Doubled Haploid Population ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Wheat Population ◽  
Fhb Resistance ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Abstract Background Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a major disease of cereal crops, caused by the fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum and related species. Breeding wheat for FHB resistance contributes to increase yields and grain quality and to reduce the use of fungicides. The identification of genes and markers for FHB resistance in different wheat genotypes has nevertheless proven challenging. Results In this study, early infection by F. graminearum was analyzed in a doubled haploid population derived from the cross of the moderately resistant wheat genotypes Wuhan 1 and Nyubai. Three quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified: 1AL was associated with lower deoxynivalenol content, and 4BS and 5A were associated with reduced F. graminearum infection at 2 days post inoculation. Early resistance alleles were inherited from Wuhan 1 for QTL 1AL and 4BS and inherited from Nyubai for the 5A QTL. Cis and trans expression QTL (eQTL) were identified using RNA-seq data from infected head samples. Hotspots for trans eQTL were identified in the vicinity of the 1AL and 4BS QTL peaks. Among differentially expressed genes with cis eQTL within the QTL support intervals, nine genes had higher expression associated with FHB early resistance, and four genes had higher expression associated with FHB early susceptibility. Conclusions Our analysis of genotype and gene expression data of wheat infected by F. graminearum identified three QTL associated with FHB early resistance, and linked genes with eQTL and differential expression patterns to those QTL. These findings may have applications in breeding wheat for early resistance to FHB.

The FgCYP51B Y123H mutation confers reduced sensitivity to prochloraz and is important for conidiation and ascospore development in Fusarium graminearum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanxiang Zhao ◽  
Mengyu Chi ◽  
Huilin Sun ◽  
Hengwei Qian ◽  
Jun Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Binding Mode ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Important Amino Acid ◽  
Ascospore Development ◽  
Dmi Fungicides ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
Dmi Resistance

Fusarium graminearum is one of the most important causal agent of Fusarium Head Blight disease and now were controlled mainly by chemicals such as DMI fungicides. FgCYP51B is one of the DMI targets in F. graminearum and Tyrosine123 is an important amino acid in Fusarium graminearum CYP51B, located in one of the predicted substrate binding pockets based on the binding mode between demethylation inhibitors (DMIs) and CYP51B. Previous study suggests that resistance to DMI fungicides is primarily attributed to point mutations in the CYP51 gene and that the Y123H mutation in F. verticillioides CYP51 confers prochloraz resistance in the laboratory. To investigate the function of FgCYP51B Y123 residue in the growth and development, pathogenicity, and DMI-resistance, the FgCYP51B Y123H mutant was generated and analyzed. Results revealed that Y123H mutation led to reduced conidial sporulation and affected ascospore development and moreover, the mutation conferred reduced sensitivity to prochloraz. The qPCR and molecular docking were performed to investigate the resistance mechanism. Results indicated that Y123H mutation changed the target gene expression and decreased the binding affinity of FgCYP51 to prochloraz. These results will attract more attention to the potential DMI-resistant mutation of F. graminearum and further deepen our understanding of the DMI resistance mechanism.

scholarly journals Novel Genes of Fusarium graminearum That Negatively Regulate Deoxynivalenol Production and Virulence

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1588-1600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald M. Gardiner ◽  
Kemal Kazan ◽  
John M. Manners
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Amine Compounds ◽  
Fungal Genes ◽  
Fungal Gene Expression

Fusarium head blight of wheat, caused by Fusarium graminearum, is a serious disease resulting in both reduced yields and contamination of grain with trichothecene toxins, with severe consequences for mammalian health. Recently, we have identified several related amine compounds such as agmatine and putrescine that promote the production of high levels of trichothecene toxins, such as deoxynivalenol (DON), in culture by F. graminearum and F. sporotrichioides. Here, a global analysis of fungal gene expression using the Affymetrix Fusarium GeneChip during culture under DON-inducing conditions compared with noninducing conditions is reported. Agmatine differentially regulated a large number of fungal genes, including both known and previously uncharacterized putative secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters. In silico prediction of binding sites for the transcriptional regulator (TRI6) controlling TRI gene expression and gene expression analysis in a TRI6 mutant of F. graminearum showed that three of the differentially regulated genes were under the control of TRI6. Gene knock-out mutations of two of these genes resulted in mutants with massively increased production of DON and increased aggressiveness toward wheat. Our results not only identify a novel mechanism of negative regulation of DON production and virulence in F. graminearum but also point out the potential of this pathogen to evolve with an ability to produce massively increased amounts of toxins and increased virulence.

Infection process and wheat response to Fusarium head blight caused by Fusarium graminearum

2018 ◽  
Vol 153 (2) ◽  
pp. 489-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Kheiri ◽  
Sayed Ali Moosawi Jorf ◽  
Ali Malihipour
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Head Blight

scholarly journals GPCRs from fusarium graminearum detection, modeling and virtual screening - the search for new routes to control head blight disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (S18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Bresso ◽  
Roberto Togawa ◽  
Kim Hammond-Kosack ◽  
Martin Urban ◽  
Bernard Maigret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Screening ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Blight Disease

scholarly journals Comparative Genomics of Eight Fusarium graminearum Strains with Contrasting Aggressiveness Reveals an Expanded Open Pangenome and Extended Effector Content Signatures

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6257
Author(s):  
Tarek Alouane ◽  
Hélène Rimbert ◽  
Jörg Bormann ◽  
Gisela A. González-Montiel ◽  
Sandra Loesgen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Genome Structure ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Biosynthesis Gene Cluster ◽  
Infection Dynamics ◽  
Rapid Responses ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Blight Disease

Fusarium graminearum, the primary cause of Fusarium head blight (FHB) in small-grain cereals, demonstrates remarkably variable levels of aggressiveness in its host, producing different infection dynamics and contrasted symptom severity. While the secreted proteins, including effectors, are thought to be one of the essential components of aggressiveness, our knowledge of the intra-species genomic diversity of F. graminearum is still limited. In this work, we sequenced eight European F. graminearum strains of contrasting aggressiveness to characterize their respective genome structure, their gene content and to delineate their specificities. By combining the available sequences of 12 other F. graminearum strains, we outlined a reference pangenome that expands the repertoire of the known genes in the reference PH-1 genome by 32%, including nearly 21,000 non-redundant sequences and gathering a common base of 9250 conserved core-genes. More than 1000 genes with high non-synonymous mutation rates may be under diverse selection, especially regarding the trichothecene biosynthesis gene cluster. About 900 secreted protein clusters (SPCs) have been described. Mostly localized in the fast sub-genome of F. graminearum supposed to evolve rapidly to promote adaptation and rapid responses to the host’s infection, these SPCs gather a range of putative proteinaceous effectors systematically found in the core secretome, with the chloroplast and the plant nucleus as the main predicted targets in the host cell. This work describes new knowledge on the intra-species diversity in F. graminearum and emphasizes putative determinants of aggressiveness, providing a wealth of new candidate genes potentially involved in the Fusarium head blight disease.

scholarly journals A single-nucleotide-polymorphism-based genotyping assay for simultaneous detection of different carbendazim-resistant genotypes in the Fusarium graminearum species complex

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Balázs Brankovics ◽  
Theo A.J. van der Lee ◽  
Cees Waalwijk ◽  
Anne A.D. van Diepeningen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

The occurrence resistance to methyl benzimidazole carbamates (MBC)-fungicides in the Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC) is becoming a serious problem in the control of Fusarium head blight in China. The resistance is caused by point mutations in the β2-tubulingene. So far, five resistant genotypes (F167Y, E198Q, E198L, E198K and F200Y) have been reported in the field. To establish a high-throughput method for rapid detection of all the five mutations simultaneously, an efficient single-nucleotide-polymorphism-based genotyping method was developed based on the Luminex xMAP system. One pair of amplification primers and five allele specific primer extension probes were designed and optimized to specially distinguish the different genotypes within one single reaction. This method has good extensibility and can be combined with previous reported probes to form a highly integrated tool for species, trichothecene chemotype and MBC resistance detection. Using this method, carbendazim resistant FGSC isolates from Jiangsu, Anhui and Sichuan Province in China were identified. High and moderate frequencies of resistance were observed in Jiangsu and Anhui Province, respectively. Carbendazim resistance in F. asiaticum is only observed in the 3ADON genotype. Overall, our method proved to be useful for early detection of MBC resistance in the field and the result aids in the choice of fungicide type.

scholarly journals First Report on Identification of Fusarium graminearum Species Complex Members from Turkey and Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 1040
Author(s):  
Berna Tunalı ◽  
Emre Yörük ◽  
Özlem Sefer ◽  
Bayram Kansu ◽  
Bahram Sharifnabi
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Histone H3 ◽  
28S Rdna ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Identification Methods ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum Species Complex ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
Β Tubulin

Fusarium graminearum species complex is the major Fusarium head blight disease pathogen in worldwide. Fusarium head blight disease lead to damages on small grain cereals. The identification of the F. graminearum species complex is important for improving disease control and management. Traditional identification methods such as macroscopy and microscopy analysis need to be supported by biochemical and genetics assays. Thus, DNA sequencing-based methods is one of the most preferred, reliable, low priced in the identification methods. In the study, 54 F. graminearum isolates obtained from diseased wheat, barley and corn fields in Turkey and Iran were identified by morphological characteristics and then characterized by species-specific SCAR marker. β-tubulin, Tef1-α, 28s rDNA and Histone H3 genes amplified, purified and then sequenced. The merged multiloci length was obtained as last of all 2215 bp. These sequencing results was used to multiloci genotyping assays. Last of all, 20 isolates were determined as F. graminearum sensu stricto by multiloci genotyping analysis. Remaining isolates were identified as F. asiaticum or Fusarium sp. . The findings are important in terms of revealing the first-time identification in Turkish and Iranian isolates as F. graminearum species complex members by amplification four (β-tubulin, Tef1-α, 28s rDNA and Histone H3) highly conserved DNA regions.

scholarly journals Transcriptional Responses of Fusarium graminearum Interacted with Soybean to Cause Root Rot

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 422
Author(s):  
Muhammd Naeem ◽  
Maira Munir ◽  
Hongju Li ◽  
Muhammad Ali Raza ◽  
Chun Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Transcriptional Profiling ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Relay Intercropping

Fusarium graminearum is the most devastating pathogen of Fusarium head blight of cereals, stalk and ear of maize, and it has recently become a potential threat for soybean as maize-soybean strip relay intercropping is widely practiced in China. To elucidate the pathogenesis mechanism of F. graminearum on intercropped soybean which causes root rot, transcriptional profiling of F. graminearum at 12, 24, and 48 h post-inoculation (hpi) on soybean hypocotyl tissues was conducted. In total, 2313 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of F. graminearum were annotated by both KEGG pathway and Gene Ontology (GO) analysis. Among them, 128 DEGs were commonly expressed at three inoculation time points while the maximum DEGs were induced at 24 hpi. In addition, DEGs were also rich in carbon metabolism, ribosome and peroxisome pathways which might contribute to carbon source utilization, sexual reproduction, virulence and survival of F. graminearum when infected on soybean. Hence, this study will provide some basis for the deep understanding the pathogenesis mechanism of F. graminearum on different hosts and its effective control in maize-soybean strip relay intercropping systems.

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