arabidopsis protein
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Author(s):  
Laura Morales de los Ríos ◽  
Claire Corratge-Faillie ◽  
Natalia Raddatz ◽  
Imelda Mendoza ◽  
Marika Lindahl ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 5205
Author(s):  
Li-Xia Ye ◽  
Jin-Xia Zhang ◽  
Xiao-Jin Hou ◽  
Mei-Qi Qiu ◽  
Wen-Feng Wang ◽  
...  

MADS-box genes are involved in various developmental processes including vegetative development, flower architecture, flowering, pollen formation, seed and fruit development. However, the function of most MADS-box genes and their regulation mechanism are still unclear in woody plants compared with model plants. In this study, a MADS-box gene (CiMADS43) was identified in citrus. Phylogenetic and sequence analysis showed that CiMADS43 is a GOA-like Bsister MADS-box gene. It was localized in the nucleus and as a transcriptional activator. Overexpression of CiMADS43 promoted early flowering and leaves curling in transgenic Arabidopsis. Besides, overexpression or knockout of CiMADS43 also showed leaf curl phenotype in citrus similar to that of CiMADS43 overexpressed in Arabidopsis. Protein–protein interaction found that a SEPALLATA (SEP)-like protein (CiAGL9) interacted with CiMADS43 protein. Interestingly, CiAGL9 also can bind to the CiMADS43 promoter and promote its transcription. Expression analysis also showed that these two genes were closely related to seasonal flowering and the development of the leaf in citrus. Our findings revealed the multifunctional roles of CiMADS43 in the vegetative and reproductive development of citrus. These results will facilitate our understanding of the evolution and molecular mechanisms of MADS-box genes in citrus.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanxing Ma ◽  
Hainan Tian ◽  
Rao Lin ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Na Zhang ◽  
...  

AbstractExpression of stress response genes can be regulated by abscisic acid (ABA) dependent and ABA independent pathways. Osmotic stresses promote ABA accumulation, therefore inducing the expression of stress response genes via ABA signaling. Whereas cold and heat stresses induce the expression of stress response genes via ABA independent pathway. ABA induced transcription repressors (AITRs) are a family of novel transcription factors that play a role in ABA signaling, and Drought response gene (DRG) has previously been shown to play a role in regulating plant response to drought and freezing stresses. We report here the identification of DRG as a novel transcription factor and a regulator of ABA response in Arabidopsis. We found that the expression of DRG was induced by ABA treatment. Homologs searching identified AITR5 as the most closely related Arabidopsis protein to DRG, and homologs of DRG, including the AITR-like (AITRL) proteins in bryophytes and gymnosperms, are specifically presented in embryophytes. Therefore we renamed DRG as AITRL. Protoplast transfection assays show that AITRL functioned as a transcription repressor. In seed germination and seedling greening assays, the aitrl mutants showed an increased sensitivity to ABA. By using qRT-PCR, we show that ABA responses of some ABA signaling component genes including some PYR1-likes (PYLs), PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 2Cs (PP2Cs) and SUCROSE NONFERMENTING 1 (SNF1)-RELATED PROTEIN KINASES 2s (SnRK2s) were reduced in the aitrl mutants. Taken together, our results suggest that AITRLs are a family of novel transcription repressors evolutionally conserved in embryophytes, and AITRL regulates ABA response in Arabidopsis by affecting ABA response of some ABA signaling component genes.


Author(s):  
Karl Schreiber ◽  
Jennifer D Lewis

Phytopathogens use secreted effector proteins to suppress host immunity and promote pathogen virulence, and there is increasing evidence that the host-pathogen interactome comprises a complex network. In an effort to identify novel interactors of the Pseudomonas syringae effector HopZ1a, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen that identified a previously uncharacterized Arabidopsis protein that we designate HopZ1a Interactor 1 (ZIN1). Additional analyses in yeast and in planta revealed that ZIN1 also interacts with several other P. syringae effectors. We show that an Arabidopsis loss-of-function zin1 mutant is less susceptible to infection by certain strains of P. syringae, while overexpression of ZIN1 results in enhanced susceptibility. Functionally, ZIN1 exhibits topoisomerase-like activity in vitro. Transcriptional profiling of wild-type and zin1 Arabidopsis plants inoculated with P. syringae indicated that while ZIN1 regulates a wide range of pathogen-responsive biological processes, the list of genes more highly expressed in zin1 versus wild-type plants was particularly enriched for ribosomal protein genes. Altogether, these data illuminate ZIN1 as a potential susceptibility hub that interacts with multiple effectors to influence the outcome of plant-microbe interactions.


Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mst Hur Madina ◽  
Md Saifur Rahman ◽  
Xiaoqiang Huang ◽  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Huanquan Zheng ◽  
...  

Melampsora larici-populina (Mlp), the causal agent of Populus leaf rust, secretes an array of effectors into the host through the haustorium to gain nutrients and suppress immunity. The precise mechanisms by which these effectors promote virulence remain unclear. To address this question, we developed a transgenic Arabidopsis line expressing a candidate effector, Mlp124357. Constitutive expression of the effector increased plant susceptibility to pathogens. A GxxxG motif present in Mlp124357 is required for its subcellular localization at the vacuolar membrane of the plant cell, as replacement of the glycine residues with alanines led to the delocalization of Mlp124357 to the nucleus and cytoplasm. We used immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry (MS) to identify Mlp124357 interaction partners. Only one of the putative interaction partners knock-out line caused delocalization of the effector, indicating that Arabidopsis protein disulfide isomerase-11 (AtPDI-11) is required for the effector localization. This interaction was further confirmed by a complementation test, a yeast-two hybrid assay and a molecular modeling experiment. Moreover, localization results and infection assays suggest that AtPDI-11 act as a helper for Mlp124357. In summary, our findings established that one of Mlp effectors resides at the vacuole surface and modulates plant susceptibility.


Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar ◽  
Paul Carr ◽  
Simon Turner

AbstractS-acylation is the addition of a fatty acid to a cysteine residue of a protein. While this modification may profoundly alter protein behaviour, its effects on the function of plant proteins remains poorly characterised, largely as a result to the lack of basic information regarding which proteins are S-acylated and where in the proteins the modification occurs. In order to address this gap in our knowledge, we have performed a comprehensive analysis of plant protein S-acylation from 6 separate tissues. In our highest confidence group, we identified 5185 cysteines modified by S-acylation, which were located in 4891 unique peptides from 2643 different proteins. This represents around 9% of the entire Arabidopsis proteome and suggests an important role for S-acylation in many essential cellular functions including trafficking, signalling and metabolism. To illustrate the potential of this dataset, we focus on cellulose synthesis and confirm for the first time the S-acylation of all proteins known to be involved in cellulose synthesis and trafficking of the cellulose synthase complex. In the secondary cell walls, cellulose synthesis requires three different catalytic subunits (CESA4, CESA7 and CESA8) that all exhibit striking sequence similarity. While all three proteins have been widely predicted to possess a RING-type zinc finger at their N-terminus, for CESA4 and CESA8, we find evidence for S-acylation of cysteines in this region that is incompatible with any role in coordinating metal ions. We show that while CESA7 may possess a RING type domain, the same region of CESA4 and CESA8 appear to have evolved a very different structure. Together, the data suggests this study represents an atlas of S-acylation in Arabidopsis that will facilitate the broader study of this elusive post-translational modification in plants as well as demonstrates the importance of undertaking further work in this area.


2020 ◽  
Vol 182 (3) ◽  
pp. 1222-1238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bennet Reiter ◽  
Evgenia Vamvaka ◽  
Giada Marino ◽  
Tatjana Kleine ◽  
Peter Jahns ◽  
...  

Biomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 510-519
Author(s):  
Rozhnova N.A. ◽  
Gerashchenkov K.G. ◽  
Elkonin L.A. ◽  
Gerashchenkov G.A.

Genome-editing strategies have recently emerged as promising tools to impart desired properties to many eukaryotic species, including plants. This technology can CRISPR/Cas9 be used to engineer plant resistance to narrow or wide range of pathogens, reproductive developmental features and other plant properties. It is known that EDS1 arabidopsis protein controls protection activation and programmable cell death due to intercellular Toll-like immune receptors that recognize specific pathogen effectors. Unfortunately, the involvement of EDS1 protein in the antiphytoviral immunity of potato plants has not been studied. Meiosis has a special place in the system of sexual and seeds-without-sex reproduction. Key meiosis genes, and above all the DYAD/ SWI1 gene, are a potential candidate in the search for apomixis genes. Binary vectors were obtained on the basis of plasmid pBAtC by the restriction-ligase method. Thus, three expression vectors (p01, p03 and p04) were created for editing the locus EDS1. Two expression vectors (pII-25 and pVIII-29) were created to introduce mutations in the second and eighth exons of the DYAD/ SWI1 arabidopsis gene. In all cases, the presence of cloned inserts was confirmed by DNA sequencing. The created p01, p03, p04 vectors under the pAtU6-6 arabidopsis promoter and the previously obtained p13 vector under the potato pStU6 promoter are already used in the work on bioballistic transformation of potato plants in vitro.


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