Effect of steroidal glycoalkaloids on hatch and reproduction of the potato cyst nematode Globodera pallida

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syamkumar Sivasankara Pillai ◽  
Louise-Marie Dandurand
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Defense ◽  
Deleterious Effect ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
First Line ◽  
Trap Crop ◽  
Solanum Sisymbriifolium

Steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) are phytoanticipins found in solanaceous crops that act as the first line of chemical defense against pathogen attacks. Solanum sisymbriifolium, a trap crop for potato cyst nematodes, has been shown to effectively reduce populations of Globodera pallida. Solanum sisymbriifolium contains α- solamargine and other solasodine type glycoalkaloids that may contribute to plant defenses. The current study evaluated the influence of solanaceous SGAs on G. pallida hatch, development, and reproduction. Exposure to α- solamargine and α- solamarine reduced G. pallida hatch by 65 % and 87 % respectively. Exposure of G. pallida cysts with the glycoalkaloids α- solamargine and solasodine significantly reduced infection in susceptible potato Russet Burbank by 98 and 94 % compared to the control. Exposure of cysts to either solasodine or solamargine significantly reduced reproduction of G. pallida on Russet Burbank by 99 % compared to the control. The study demonstrated the deleterious effect of SGAs on G. pallida hatch, infection, and reproduction.

The effect of mycorrhization of potato roots on the hatching chemicals active towards the potato cyst nematodes, Globodera pallida and G. rostochiensis

Nematology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aileen Ryan ◽  
Peter Jones
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Potato Root ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractComparison of potato root leachates (PRL) collected from the roots of mycorrhizal (using the mixed-isolate inoculum, Vaminoc) and non-mycorrhizal potato cv. Golden Wonder confirmed that mycorrhization caused a significant increase in hatching activity towards Globodera pallida but not G. rostochiensis. After fractionating the leachates by low pressure molecular exclusion/anion exchange liquid chromatography, several potato cyst nematode (PCN) species-specific hatching factors (HF) were found only in PRL from mycorrhizal plants. Leachate from mycorrhizal plants also contained more of several of those HF common to PRL from both mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants. Significantly more hatching factor stimulants (HS) active towards both PCN species were found in the PRL from mycorrhizal than from non-mycorrhizal plants; several HS were specific to mycorrhizal plants. No differences (quantitative or qualitative) were observed in hatching inhibitor (HI) levels between PRL from mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants. Mycorrhization of potato plants resulted in a 20% increase in carbon but a 48% decrease in nitrogen concentrations of the PRL compared to that from the non-mycorrhizal plants.

Evaluation of trap crop, Solanum sisymbriifolium and antagonistic crops against potato cyst nematodes, Globodera spp.

2021 ◽  
Vol 138 ◽  
pp. 242-248
Author(s):  
Priyank Hanuman Mhatre ◽  
K.L. Divya ◽  
E.P. Venkatasalam ◽  
Aarti Bairwa ◽  
R. Sudha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Trap Crop ◽  
Solanum Sisymbriifolium

Immunochemical studies on pathotypes of the potato cyst nematodes, Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida

Parasitology ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Fox ◽  
H. J. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Nematode Species ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Crossed Immunoelectrophoresis ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Micro Organisms

The potential of antigenic differences for discriminating pathotypes of the potato cyst nematodes Globodera pallida and G. rostochiensis has been examined by the use of an antiserum raised to a homogenate of potato cyst nematode larvae. Species-specific antigens were detected among reference pathotypes but more variability was detected among field populations, and cluster analysis was used to interpret the precipitation are pattern produced by Laurell crossed-immunoelectrophoresis. A division into species was seen with this analysis but no definite pathotype groupings were detected. Cross-reaction with other cyst-nematode species was limited to general non-specific precipitation. The antigens were all proteinaceous, did not arise from micro-organisms within the cyst and were mainly hydrophilic with an acidic isoelectric point. Peptidase and acid phosphatase activity was detected in some precipitation arcs but this was not species specific.

Field performance of Solanum sisymbriifolium, a trap crop for potato cyst nematodes. II. Root characteristics

2007 ◽  
Vol 150 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.G.H. Timmermans ◽  
J. Vos ◽  
T.J. Stomph ◽  
J. Van Nieuwburg ◽  
P.E.L. Van der Putten
Keyword(s):  
Field Performance ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Trap Crop ◽  
Root Characteristics ◽  
Solanum Sisymbriifolium

Allyl isothiocyanate shows promise as a naturally produced suppressant of the potato cyst nematode, Globodera pallida, in biofumigation systems

Nematology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Wood ◽  
David M. Kenyon ◽  
Julia M. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Allyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematode ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Egg Mortality ◽  
Juvenile Mortality ◽  
Viability Staining

The ability of isothiocyanates to suppressGlobodera pallidawas evaluated throughin vitroassays. Several isothiocyanates increased juvenile mortality, the most effective being allyl isothiocyanate, which caused 100% mortality at both 25 and 50 ppm after 72 and 24 h exposure, respectively. In a hatching assay, allyl isothiocyanate was able to suppress hatch; in addition, replenishing allyl isothiocyanate every 3 days increased hatch suppression, and viability staining indicated that egg mortality was increased. Allyl isothiocyanate above concentrations of 50 ppm significantly affected both hatch suppression and mortality. Differing effects of isothiocyanates onG. pallidasuggest that their toxicity depends on the pest of interest and this study shows that allyl isothiocyanate is a good candidate for the control of potato cyst nematodes using biofumigation.

scholarly journals Taxonomy, Morphological and Molecular Identification of the Potato Cyst Nematodes, Globodera pallida and G. rostochiensis

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 184
Author(s):  
John Wainer ◽  
Quang Dinh
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Soil Sampling ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Primary Focus

The scope of this paper is limited to the taxonomy, detection, and reliable morphological and molecular identification of the potato cyst nematodes (PCN) Globodera pallida and G. rostochiensis. It describes the nomenclature, hosts, life cycle, pathotypes, and symptoms of the two species. It also provides detailed instructions for soil sampling and extraction of cysts from soil. The primary focus of the paper is the presentation of accurate and effective methods to identify the two principal PCN species.

scholarly journals Occurrence and molecular characterization of cyst nematode species (Globodera spp.) associated with potato crops in Colombia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0241256
Author(s):  
Daniela Vallejo ◽  
Diego A. Rojas ◽  
John A. Martinez ◽  
Sergio Marchant ◽  
Claudia M. Holguin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Nucleotide Substitutions ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
The Status

Potato cyst nematodes (PCN) from the genus Globodera spp. cause major losses in the potato (Solanum tuberosum) industry worldwide. Despite their importance, at present little is known about the status of this plant pathogen in cultivated potatoes in Colombia. In this study, a total of 589 samples collected from 75 geographic localities in nine potato producing regions of Colombia (Cundinamarca, Boyacá, Antioquia, Nariño, Santander, Norte de Santander, Tolima, Caldas and Cauca) were assayed for the presence of potato cyst nematodes. Fifty-seven percent of samples tested positive for PCN. Based on phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) of the rRNA gene and D2-D3 expansion segments of the 28S rRNA gene, all populations but one were identified as Globodera pallida. Sequences of G. pallida from Colombia formed a monophyletic group closely related to Peruvian populations, with the lowest average number of nucleotide substitutions per site (Dxy = 0.002) and net nucleotide substitutions per site (Da = 0.001), when compared to G. pallida populations from Europe, South and North America. A single sample formed a well-supported subclade along with G. rostochiensis and G. tabacum from Japan, USA and Argentina. To our knowledge this is the first comprehensive survey of Globodera populations from Colombia that includes genetic data. Our findings on species diversity and phylogenetic relationships of Globodera populations from Colombia may help elucidate the status and distribution of Globodera species, and lead to the development of accurate management strategies for the potato cyst nematodes.

scholarly journals Study of European and Czech populations of potato cyst nematodes (Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida) by RAPD method

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 70-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Sedlák ◽  
M. Melounová ◽  
S. Skupinová ◽  
P. Vejl ◽  
J. Domkářová
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Globodera Rostochiensis ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
Genetic Identification ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Genetic Dissimilarity ◽  
Solanaceous Plants ◽  
Molecular Genetic Identification

Potato cyst nematodes (PCN) are the big problem in worldwide planting of potatoes and another Solanaceous plants. Identification of individual pathotypes according to international scheme is very demanding but a very important part of the phytosanitary process to control these pests. Molecular genetic identification of different plant and animal species or individuals is a very interesting way at the present time and let’s hope that it will be important in future. This report presents results of the RAPD study of nine different real PCN populations. There were five Globodera rostochiensis populations and four G. pallida populations. Pathotypes Ro2, Ro2/3, Ro4, Ro5, Pa2 and Pa3 were from European populations; population Ro1 and X were of Czech provenance. Genetics variable of these populations was described by a set of six decameric primers (OPA 07, OPG 03, OPG 05, OPG 08, OPG 10 and OPG 13). Genetic dissimilarity was by Gel Manager for Windows evaluated. Detectable differences behind all populations were found and the dendrogram was compiled. The unknown population X was sorted into group of Globodera pallida species subgroup of Pa2 consequently.

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