scholarly journals Effect of Raspberry bushy dwarf virus, Raspberry leaf mottle virus, and Raspberry latent virus on Plant Growth and Fruit Crumbliness in ‘Meeker’ Red Raspberry

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego F. Quito-Avila ◽  
Danielle Lightle ◽  
Robert R. Martin
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Latent Virus ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Raspberry Bushy Dwarf Virus

Raspberry crumbly fruit in red raspberry (Rubus idaeus), widespread in the Pacific Northwest of the United States and British Columbia, Canada, is most commonly caused by a virus infection. Raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV) has long been attributed as the causal agent of the disease. Recently, the identification of two additional viruses, Raspberry leaf mottle virus (RLMV) and Raspberry latent virus (RpLV), in northern Washington and British Columbia, suggested the existence of a possible new virus complex responsible for the increased severity of the disease. Virus testing of crumbly fruited plants from five fields in northern Washington revealed the presence of RLMV and RpLV, in addition to RBDV. Plants with less severe crumbly fruit symptoms had a much lower incidence of RLMV or RpLV. Field trials using replicated plots of ‘Meeker’ plants containing single and mixed infections of RBDV, RLMV, or RpLV, along with a virus-free control, were developed to determine the role of RLMV and RpLV in crumbly fruit. Field evaluations during establishment and two fruiting years revealed that plants infected with the three viruses or the combinations RBDV+RLMV and RBDV+RpLV had the greatest reduction in cane growth, or fruit firmness and fruit weight, respectively. Quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed that the titer of RBDV was increased ~400-fold when it occurred in mixed infections with RLMV compared to RBDV in single infections. In addition, a virus survey revealed that RLMV and RpLV are present at high incidence in northern Washington; whereas the incidence in southern Washington and Oregon, where crumbly fruit is not as serious a problem, was considerably lower.

scholarly journals First Report of Raspberry bushy dwarf virus on Red Raspberry and Grapevine in Slovenia

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (9) ◽  
pp. 1148-1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Mavrič ◽  
M. Viršček Marn ◽  
D. Koron ◽  
I. Žežlina
Keyword(s):  
Polyclonal Antiserum ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
First Report ◽  
Raspberry Bushy Dwarf Virus ◽  
Das Elisa

In 2002, severe vein yellowing and partial or complete yellowing of leaves was observed on some shoots of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) cvs. Golden Bliss and Autumn Bliss. Sap of infected plants of cv. Golden Bliss was inoculated onto Chenopodium quinoa and Nicotiana benthamiana. Faint chlorotic spots were observed on inoculated leaves of C. quinoa approximately 14 days after inoculation but no systemic symptoms appeared. No symptoms were observed on N. benthamiana. Raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV) was detected in the original raspberry plant using double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) with polyclonal antiserum (Loewe Biochemica, Sauerlach, Germany). Systemic infections of inoculated C. quinoa and N. benthaminana were confirmed using DAS-ELISA. In 2001 and 2002, unusual virus symptoms were observed on grapevine grafts (Vitis vinifera) of cv. Laški Rizling. Symptoms appeared as curved line patterns and yellowing of the leaves. No nepoviruses were found in symptomatic plants, but RBDV was confirmed using DAS-ELISA. RBDV infection was later confirmed in grapevine cv. Štajerska Belina with similar symptoms. RBDV was transmitted mechanically from grapevine to C. quinoa where it was detected by immunocapture-reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (IC-RT-PCR). IC-RT-PCR was used to amplify a part of the coat protein gene of the virus from raspberry and grapevine, and the amplification products were sequenced (1). The obtained sequence shared at least 93% nucleotide sequence identity with other known RBDV sequences, which confirmed the serological results. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the natural occurrence of RBDV in grapevine and also of RBDV infection of red raspberry in Slovenia. Reference: (1) H. I. Kokko et al. Biotechniques 20:842, 1996.

scholarly journals Impact of Raspberry bushy dwarf virus on ‘Marion’ Blackberry

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadine Strik ◽  
Robert R. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
The North ◽  
Raspberry Bushy Dwarf Virus ◽  
Complex Hybrid ◽  
Extension Center ◽  
The Impact

Raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV), genus Idaeovirus, was first observed in 1997 in a planting of ‘Marion’ blackberry (a complex hybrid with Rubus idaeus, R. procerus, and R. ursinus in its background) established at the North Willamette Research and Extension Center (Aurora, OR) from tissue-cultured plants in 1993. RBDV was detected in 128 of the 280 plants. The incidence of RBDV in this planting did not increase from 1997 through 2001. In 1999 and 2000, we evaluated the impact of RBDV on yield, fruit quality, and plant growth of ‘Marion’ blackberry. RBDV had no effect on cane growth or fruit number, but it reduced yield (40 to 50%), fruit weight (23 to 40%), and drupelet number per fruit (36 to 39%) compared with uninfected plants. In 2000, we surveyed 32 commercial ‘Marion’ fields for RBDV using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The locations of sampled fields were selected to reflect the acreage distribution of ‘Marion’ blackberry production in Oregon. RBDV-infected plants were detected in three fields.

scholarly journals Late-summer Disease Symptoms in Western Washington Red Raspberry Fields Associated with Co-Occurrence of Phytophthora rubi, Verticillium dahliae, and Pratylenchus penetrans, but not Raspberry bushy dwarf virus

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 938-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry E. Weiland ◽  
Chris Benedict ◽  
Inga A. Zasada ◽  
Carolyn R. Scagel ◽  
Bryan R. Beck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
The United States ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Soilborne Pathogens ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Raspberry Bushy Dwarf Virus

Sixty percent of the $109 million processed red raspberry industry of the United States occurs in northern Washington State. In 2012, late-summer symptoms of vascular wilt and root disease were observed in many raspberry plantings. These symptoms were initially attributed to Verticillium dahliae. However, diagnostic tests for the pathogen were often contradictory and other soilborne pathogens (Phytophthora rubi and Pratylenchus penetrans) or Raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV) might also have been involved. Therefore, a survey was conducted in 2013 and 2014 to (i) establish the incidence and soil population levels of V. dahliae in red raspberry production fields, (ii) compare among diagnostic methods and laboratories for detecting and quantifying V. dahliae from raspberry field soil, and (iii) assess which pathogens are associated with late-summer disease symptoms of raspberry. Plant and soil samples were collected from 51 disease sites and 20 healthy sites located in 24 production fields. Samples were analyzed for the presence and quantity of each pathogen using traditional plating and extraction methods (V. dahliae, P. rubi, and P. penetrans), quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) (V. dahliae and P. rubi), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (RBDV). Results showed that V. dahliae was present in 88% of the production fields and that detection of the pathogen differed by method and by laboratory: qPCR detected V. dahliae in the soil from approximately three times as many sites (51 of 71 total sites) as by plating on NP10 semi-selective medium (15 of 71 total sites). Soil populations of V. dahliae were slightly greater at disease sites, but the pathogen was detected with similar frequency from healthy sites and it was rarely isolated from diseased plants (4%). P. rubi, P. penetrans, and RBDV were also common in production fields (79, 91, and 53% of fields, respectively). Both P. rubi (soil and root samples) and P. penetrans (root populations only), but not RBDV, were more frequently found at disease sites than healthy sites, and the amount of P. rubi detected by qPCR was greater from disease sites than healthy sites. In addition, P. rubi was isolated from 27% of the symptomatic plants located at disease sites. Regardless of detection method, V. dahliae, P. rubi, and P. penetrans, either with or without RBDV, were more likely to co-occur at disease sites (73%) than healthy sites (35%), suggesting that a soilborne disease complex is present in raspberry production fields. Results indicate that P. rubi is the primary pathogen most strongly associated with late-summer symptoms of disease, but root populations of P. penetrans and higher soil populations of V. dahliae may also be of concern. Therefore, disease control methods should focus on all three soilborne pathogens.

VARIATION AMONG BRITISH COLUMBIA AND NORTHERN ALBERTA POPULATIONS OF RASPBERRIES, RUBUS IDAEUS SUBSPP. STRIGOSUS MICHX.

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1067-1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. J. VAN ADRICHEM
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Specific Character ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Total Seed ◽  
Northern Alberta ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Several population samples of Rubus idaeus subspp. strigosus Michx. (raspberries) were collected in British Columbia and northern Alberta and a number of characters were studied and compared with the cultivar Trent. Significant differences between populations were found for cane length, number of buds per cane, percentage of buds growing, number of inflorescences and flowers per bud, fruit and seed weight. There was a positive correlation between the total seed weight and the number of seeds, and between the total seed and fruit weight. No distinct types could be established based on location or elevation. None of the populations showed significantly better winter hardiness than the cultivar Trent, and although some had a specific character that was superior, none was found to have overall superiority.

scholarly journals First Report of Fragaria chiloensis cryptic virus, Fragaria chiloensis latent virus, Strawberry mild yellow edge virus, Strawberry necrotic shock virus, and Strawberry pallidosis associated virus in Single and Mixed Infections in Strawberry in Central Mexico

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 1002-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Silva-Rosales ◽  
M. N. Vázquez-Sánchez ◽  
V. Gallegos ◽  
M. L. Ortiz-Castellanos ◽  
R. Rivera-Bustamante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
The United States ◽  
Latent Virus ◽  
Nucleotide Sequencing ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Cryptic Virus ◽  
First Report ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Fragaria Chiloensis

For phytosanitary purposes, the prevalence and incidence of viruses found in strawberry production within a centralized breeding program was investigated in Abasolo and Irapuato Counties, Guanajuato State, Mexico. Single and mixed infections of Strawberry mottle virus (SMoV) and Strawberry crinkle virus (SCV) were originally reported in the area (3), and subsequently, Strawberry latent ringspot virus (SLRSV) was also found (4). Samples of strawberry plants showing viral symptoms: stunting, mild chlorosis and reddening, occasional wrinkled, curled, and deformed leaves that may exhibit mottling, and chlorotic spots, forming a putative virus complex were collected in April and December 2007 and July and December 2008. The detection and identification of viruses reported in the United States, the country of origin of most of the imported plantlets, was carried out with sets of primers for 11 viruses, through reverse transcription (RT)-PCR (developed by Robert Martin and Ioannis Tzanetakis in Corvallis, OR). The endogenous NADH 2 subunit was employed to test the quality of the RNA extracted. Amplification conditions were: 40 cycles of 1 min at each temperature, denaturation at 95°C, annealing at 50°C for Strawberry necrotic shock virus (SNSV); 52°C for Strawberry mild yellow edge virus (SMYEV); 55°C for Fragaria chiloensis latent virus (FClLV), Strawberry pallidosis associated virus (SPaV), Fragaria chiloensis cryptic virus (FClCV), and SMoV; and 58°C for SCV and NADH dehydrogenase, followed by a final extension at 72°C of 5 min after completion of the 40 cycles. The cloning and nucleotide sequencing of amplified fragments revealed the presence of seven viral species in 40 samples collected. These were FClLV, SCV, SMoV, SNSV, SPaV, and SMYEV, which were allocated GenBank accession numbers of JQ629412, JQ629413, JQ629414, JQ629415, JQ629416, and JQ629417, respectively. Strawberry UC-4 and UC-10 (1,2) were planted as indicators of viral infections on an experimental plot. All seven viruses were detected in single or mixed infections. SMoV was the most commonly found in combination with other viruses. Out of 40 samples, 35 were positive for the presence of viruses and six had single infections, of which five had SMoV and one had SPaV. The remaining 29 samples had mixed infections with two or more viruses in a total of 22 combinations. The combination of FCICV + SMoV was present in five samples, whereas the combination of SMoV + SMYEV was in two samples. All other samples had two and up to six different viruses per plant. SMoV was detected in 26 out of the 40 samples tested. SNSV and FClCV were detected in 14 samples. SMYEV was present in 13 samples. SCV was present in nine samples, whereas SPaV and FClLV were found in eight samples each. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of FClLV, FClCV, SNSV, SMYEV, and SPaV in Mexico. References: (1) N. W. Frazier. Plant Dis. Rep. 58:28, 1974. (2) N. W. Frazier. Plant Dis. Rep. 58:203, 1974. (3) D. Teliz-Ortiz and A. Trejo-Reyes. Rev. Mex. Fitopatol. 7:38, 1989. (4) L. Pérez-Moreno et al. Rev. Mex. Fitopatol. 22:187, 2004.

scholarly journals Small Fruit Production in High Tunnels

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Demchak
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Small Fruit ◽  
High Tunnels ◽  
Berry Crops

High tunnels are a relatively economical form of protected culture, and offer cultural advantages such as protection from the elements and an extended production season. Interest in high tunnels for small fruit production has been increasing in North America. Growers in the United States and Canada are using multi-bay and single-bay high tunnels for production of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus), black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis), blackberry (Rubus subgenus Rubus), strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa), and blueberry (Vaccinium spp.). Research trials using high tunnels are being conducted in numerous places across the United States. In most instances, high tunnels increased yields of berry crops, improved quality, and decreased the incidence of most diseases compared with field production, powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca macularis) being a notable exception. The insect and mite complex encountered in tunnels when growing berry crops has changed markedly, often becoming similar to that which might have been expected in greenhouses, with numbers of two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae), whitefly (Aleyrodidae), and thrips (Frankliniella spp.) reaching high levels without control measures. In studies at The Pennsylvania State University, primocane-bearing cultivars of red raspberry plants produced at least two to three times as much marketable fruit in tunnels as in a previous field study, with substantial summer and fall crops obtained. ‘Triple Crown’ thornless blackberry produced very high marketable yields in the tunnels, even though winter injury historically resulted in a lack of blackberry production in the field. Strawberry production in a plasticulture system using short-day or day-neutral cultivars was found to be viable; however, the primary benefit of high tunnels for strawberry may have been reliability of production rather than a yield increase. Potential reasons for improvements in productivity and quality are numerous and warrant further attention.

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