scholarly journals Differential Transmission of Triticum mosaic virus by Wheat Curl Mite Populations Collected in the Great Plains

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 806-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony J. McMechan ◽  
Satyanarayana Tatineni ◽  
Roy French ◽  
Gary L. Hein
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Wheat Curl Mite ◽  
Differential Transmission ◽  
Food Grain ◽  
Western Great Plains

Wheat is an important food grain worldwide and the primary dryland crop in the western Great Plains. A complex of three wheat curl mite (WCM)-transmitted viruses (Wheat streak mosaic virus, High plains virus, and Triticum mosaic virus [TriMV]) is a cause of serious loss in winter wheat production in the Great Plains. TriMV was first reported in Kansas in 2006 and later found in most other Great Plains states. Currently, three populations of WCM have been identified by genetic characterization and differential responses to mite resistance genes in wheat. In this study, we examined TriMV transmission by these three WCM populations: ‘Nebraska’ (NE), ‘Montana’ (MT), and ‘South Dakota’ (SD). Mite transmission using single-mite transfers revealed that the NE WCM population transmitted TriMV at 41%, while the MT and SD WCM populations failed to transmit TriMV. In multi-mite transfers, the NE WCM population transmitted TriMV at 100% level compared with 2.5% transmission by MT and SD WCM populations. Interestingly, NE mites transferred during the quiescent stages following the first and second instar transmitted TriMV at a 39 to 40% rate, suggesting that immature mites were able to acquire the virus and maintain it through molting. In addition, mite survival for single-mite transfers was significantly lower for NE mites when transferred from TriMV-inoculated source plants (60%) compared with mock-inoculated source plants (84%). This demonstrates potentially negative effects on WCM survival from TriMV. TriMV transmission differences demonstrated in this study underscore the importance of identification of mite genotypes for future studies with TriMV.

scholarly journals Occurrence and Distribution of Triticum mosaic virus in the Central Great Plains

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Byamukama ◽  
D. L. Seifers ◽  
G. L. Hein ◽  
E. De Wolf ◽  
N. A. Tisserat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
South Dakota ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Double Infection ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Wheat Curl Mite

Wheat curl mite (WCM)-transmitted viruses—namely, Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV), and the High Plains virus (HPV)—are three of the wheat-infecting viruses in the central Great Plains of the United States. TriMV is newly discovered and its prevalence and incidence are largely unknown. Field surveys were carried out in Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, and South Dakota in spring and fall 2010 and 2011 to determine TriMV prevalence and incidence and the frequency of TriMV co-infection with WSMV or HPV in winter wheat. WSMV was the most prevalent and was detected in 83% of 185 season–counties (= s-counties), 73% of 420 season–fields (= s-fields), and 35% of 12,973 samples. TriMV was detected in 32, 6, and 6% of s-counties, s-fields, and samples, respectively. HPV was detected in 34, 15, and 4% of s-counties, s-fields, and samples, respectively. TriMV was detected in all four states. In all, 91% of TriMV-positive samples were co-infected with WSMV, whereas WSMV and HPV were mainly detected as single infections. The results from this study indicate that TriMV occurs in winter wheat predominantly as a double infection with WSMV, which will complicate breeding for resistance to WCM-transmitted viruses.

Spread of Wheat Curl Mite and Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus is Influenced by Volunteer Wheat Control Methods

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Thomas ◽  
G. L. Hein ◽  
D. J. Lyon
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus ◽  
Rapid Reduction ◽  
Wheat Curl Mite ◽  
Rapid Control ◽  
High Infection ◽  
Western Great Plains

Wheat streak mosaic virus is the most damaging disease in winter wheat in the western Great Plains. The wheat curl mite is the vector of this virus and utilizes volunteer wheat as a “green bridge” to over-summer and re-infest fall planted winter wheat. This study demonstrates the effect of tillage and glyphosate control of volunteer wheat on mite movement and subsequent virus infection. Small mite populations (1 to 2 mites per tiller) caused high infection rates in winter wheat. Both tillage and glyphosate were effective at reducing mite populations on volunteer wheat, but tillage resulted in more rapid reduction of mite populations. If volunteer wheat is to be controlled close to planting time, tillage is the best choice for rapid control of mite populations when warm dry weather conditions exist. Accepted for publication 21 October 2004. Published 6 December 2004.

Occurrence of Viruses in Wheat in the Great Plains Region, 2008

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Burrows ◽  
Gary Franc ◽  
Charlie Rush ◽  
Tamla Blunt ◽  
Dai Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Average Frequency ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
First Time

Field surveys in 2008 determined the prevalence and diversity of viruses present in the Great Plains wheat crops. Symptomatic plants (n = 754) in nine states were tested for Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), Wheat mosaic virus (WMoV, formerly known as High Plains virus), Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV), Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV (BYDV-PAV), and Cereal yellow dwarf virus-RPV (CYDV-RPV), using indirect ELISA. Virus prevalence varied greatly, with average frequency of detection highest for WSMV (47%), followed by WMoV (19%), TriMV (17%), BYDV-PAV (7%), and lowest for CYDV-RPV (2%). Most positive plant samples (37%) had one virus present, with decreasing frequencies for co-infection by two (19%), three (5%), or four viruses (1%). TriMV was detected for the first time in Colorado, Nebraska, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming. WMoV was identified for the first time in Montana and Wyoming. Chlorotic streaks were more frequently associated with WSMV, WMoV, and TriMV (R = 0.166 to 0.342; P < 0.05), and stunting was more frequently associated with WMoV (R = 0.142; P = 0.004) or TriMV (R = 0.107; P = 0.033) than WSMV. Symptom severity did not increase with co-infection as compared to single virus infections, with the exception of plants co-infected with mite transmitted viruses in Texas. Accepted for publication 1 May 2009. Published 6 July 2009.

scholarly journals Occurrence and Yield Effects of Wheat Infected with Triticum mosaic virus in Kansas

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dallas L. Seifers ◽  
T. J. Martin ◽  
John P. Fellers
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
The United States ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
High Plains ◽  
The Third ◽  
Volume Weight ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Second Year

Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV) infects wheat (Triticum aestivum) in the Great Plains region of the United States. This study determined the occurrence of TriMV at three locations over 3 years and yield effects of wheat mechanically infected with TriMV. Wheat infection with TriMV, Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), and the High Plains virus (HPV) was verified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Both wheat singly infected with TriMV and doubly infected with TriMV and WSMV occurred at three, two, and one locations in 2007, 2008, and 2009, respectively. Wheat singly infected with HPV occurred at one and two locations in 2008 and 2009, respectively. Wheat doubly infected with WSMV and HPV occurred at one location in 2008 and 2009. Infection with TriMV declined at two locations each year and, at the third location, it increased the second year and was not detected the third year. WSMV infection increased, except for a decline the third year at one location. In contrast to 3.0% infection of wheat with TriMV and WSMV at one location, 85% of the wheat 1.6 km from that site was infected with TriMV and WSMV in 2009. Infection of wheat with TriMV caused significant yield and volume weight reductions in Danby, RonL, and Jagalene but not KS96HW10-3 wheat.

Differing Patterns of Material Culture Intergroup Variation on the High Plains: Quantitative Analyses of Parfleche Characteristics VS. Moccasin Decoration

2015 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 714-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Lycett
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Actual Case ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Western Great Plains ◽  
Cultural Evolutionary

Native American communities occupying the western Great Plains during the postcontact period exemplify the highly contingent relationships between artifactual data and cultural processes. Here, cultural evolutionary theory and quantitative analyses are used to approach this challenge. Two sets of artif actual products were examined: parfleche attributes and moccasin decorative features, both products of female craftswomen.A model of “isolation by distance “ drawn from population genetics is used as a baseline expectation. This model predicts that, all else being equal, between-group geographic relationships will correlate with intergroup patterns of artif actual variation. Linguistic affinity and known patterns of intertribe alliance and hostility were also examined. The analyses reveal the operation of differing degrees of social transmission and differing patterns of selective bias in each artif actual case. In the case of parfleches, their potential to act as visible signals led to a patterned distribution reflecting intertribe alliance and hostility. The analyses reiterate the necessity of a cultural evolutionary approach to material culture, not only because this method facilitates the requisite flexibility toward particular historical trajectories of artifactual lineages, but also because evolutionary principles provide a range of theoretical models and practical tools of analysis, which facilitate an empirical and quantitatively analytical approach to this problem.

Wheat streak mosaic virus (wheat streak).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Byamukama ◽  
Jacob Price ◽  
Charlie Rush
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Southern States ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Western Great Plains

Abstract WSMV is an obligate parasite which infects wheat and other cereal crops and causes significant losses in production throughout many regions of the world. It is not listed as an invasive species, but introduction of the virus to other regions is possible due to a low occurrence of seed transmission. It is believed that WSMV entered the USA in the late 1800s (Reitz and Heyne, 1944; Ross, 1969) from Turkey and then moved into Canada and down into the southern states of the Great Plains as well as Mexico (Sanchez-Sanchez et al., 2001). The introduction of WSMV into Argentina and Australia is reported to be due to infected seed from both Mexico and the USA (Dwyer et al., 2007). Wheat streak is now commonly found throughout many countries and is one of the most common wheat viruses throughout the Central and Western Great Plains of the USA (Burrows et al., 2009).

scholarly journals Winter Wheat Cultivars with Temperature-Sensitive Resistance to Wheat streak mosaic virus Do Not Recover from Early-Season Infections

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob A. Price ◽  
Angela R. Simmons ◽  
Arash Rashed ◽  
Fekede Workneh ◽  
Charles M. Rush
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Quantitative Resistance ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Virus Titer ◽  
Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Infection Period ◽  
Wheat Curl Mite

Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), Triticum mosaic virus, and Wheat mosaic virus, all vectored by the wheat curl mite Aceria tosichella Keifer, frequently cause devastating losses to winter wheat production throughout the central and western Great Plains. Resistant ‘Mace’ and ‘RonL are commercially available and contain the wsm1 and wsm2 genes, respectively, for resistance to WSMV. However, the resistance in these cultivars is temperature sensitive, ineffective above 27°C, and does not protect against the other common wheat viruses. The majority of winter wheat in the Southern Great Plains is planted in early fall as a dual-purpose crop for both grazing and grain production. Early planting exposes wheat plants to warmer temperatures above the threshold for effective resistance. Studies were conducted to determine whether the resistance found in these cultivars would give infected plants the ability to recover as temperatures cooled to a range conducive to effective genetic resistance. RonL, Mace, ‘TAM 111’, ‘TAM 112’, and ‘Karl 92’ wheat were infested with WSMV viruliferous mites at temperatures above the resistance threshold. After the initial 4-week infection period, plants were subjected to progressively cooler temperatures during the winter months, well below the resistance threshold. Throughout the study, plant samples were taken to quantify virus titer and mite populations. Resistant RonL and Mace, which became severely infected during the initial infection period, were not able to recover even when temperatures dropped below the resistance threshold. However, TAM 112 showed resistance to WSMV but, more importantly, it also showed resistance to the wheat curl mite, because the mite population in this cultivar was significantly lower than on all other cultivars. The results of this study are significant in that they represent the first evidence of quantitative resistance to both WSMV and the wheat curl mite in a single wheat cultivar. Resistance to the wheat curl mite has potential to reduce losses to all mite-vectored virus diseases of wheat and not just WSMV.

scholarly journals A REVIEW ON WHEAT STREAK MOSAIC VIRUS (WSMV) DISEASE COMPLEX

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sehrish Mushtaq ◽  
Muhammad Shafiq ◽  
Muniba Abid ◽  
Muhammad A. Rana ◽  
Shazia Yaqub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus ◽  
Food Crop ◽  
Alternate Host ◽  
Wheat Curl Mite ◽  
Positive Sense ◽  
Green Bridge ◽  
First Time

Wheat is one of the most important staple food crop .Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) was first time reported in Nebraska in 1922 as "yellow mosaic". Since then, although sporadic in its appearance and severity, wheat streak mosaic has caused losses throughout North America, Europe, North Africa and Russia. The disease was probably present in other counties, but was not detected. WSM symptoms are characterized by a yellow leaf streaking or stippled pattern and stunting, head sterility, low test weights, and poor tillering and it is a seed born or mite born disease.WSMV is transmitted by eriophyid mite in both semi persistent and circulative manners. Mostly WSMV infects the crops belonging to family graminae or Poaceae (wheat, barley) and other alternate host of the WSMV are the grassy weeds or green bridge where wheat curl mite (WCM) over winters and lay eggs in the absents of the host. Wheat production in the Great Plains is also threatened by the newly discovered wheat viruses including Wheat mosaic virus and Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV). Both viruses closely match the life cycle of WSMV and are transmitted by WCM. Genome of WSMV contains positive sense ssRNA virions and one polyprotein. The tritimovirus which is approximately of 10kb in size

Discovery of Paleogene Deposits of the Central High Plains Aquifer In the Western Great Plains, U.S.A.

2017 ◽  
Vol 87 (8) ◽  
pp. 880-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon J. Smith ◽  
Greg A. Ludvigson ◽  
Anthony Layzell ◽  
Andreas Möller ◽  
R. Hunter Harlow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
High Plains ◽  
High Plains Aquifer ◽  
Western Great Plains ◽  
Central High

scholarly journals Ecology and Epidemiology of Wheat Curl Mite and Mite-Transmissible Viruses in Colorado and Insights into the Wheat Virome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tessa Albrecht ◽  
Samantha White ◽  
Marylee Layton ◽  
Mark Stenglein ◽  
Scott Haley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Virus Titer ◽  
Future Research ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Disease Complex ◽  
Wheat Curl Mite ◽  
Rich Diversity ◽  
New Variant

AbstractThe wheat curl mite (WCM)-transmissible wheat streak disease complex is the most serious disease of wheat in the U.S. Great Plains. In the current study, we determined the genetic variability in WCM and mite-transmitted viruses in Colorado and identified sources of resistance in Colorado wheat germplasm to wheat streak disease complex. We identified two distinct genotypes of WCM, Type 1 and Type 2 based on the ribosomal ITS1 region. Both genotypes were found to co-exist throughout the wheat producing regions of Colorado. Analysis of the whole genome and partial coat protein sequences revealed rich diversity of wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) and High Plains wheat mosaic virus (HPWMoV) isolates collected from Colorado, whereas triticum mosaic virus (TriMV) showed low sequence variability. Analysis of WSMV isolates revealed two novel isolates and one that was 100% similar to a new variant of WSMV from Kansas. Interestingly, between 2-4 genotypes of all 8 RNA segments of HPWMoV were identified, which suggests new variants of emaraviruses and co-occurrence of multiple strains within host populations. Several novel viruses including mycoviruses were identified for the first time in Colorado. We found variation in WSMV resistance among wheat varieties; however a variety that harbored dual resistance to mite and WSMV had lower virus titer compared to varieties that contained single resistance gene. This suggests that pyramiding genes will ensure improved and durable resistance. Future research may be aimed at elucidating the dynamics, diversity, and distribution of the new WSMV and HPWMoV isolates and their responses to wheat genotypes.

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