Occurrence and Yield Effects of Wheat Infected with Triticum mosaic virus in Kansas

Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV) infects wheat (Triticum aestivum) in the Great Plains region of the United States. This study determined the occurrence of TriMV at three locations over 3 years and yield effects of wheat mechanically infected with TriMV. Wheat infection with TriMV, Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), and the High Plains virus (HPV) was verified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Both wheat singly infected with TriMV and doubly infected with TriMV and WSMV occurred at three, two, and one locations in 2007, 2008, and 2009, respectively. Wheat singly infected with HPV occurred at one and two locations in 2008 and 2009, respectively. Wheat doubly infected with WSMV and HPV occurred at one location in 2008 and 2009. Infection with TriMV declined at two locations each year and, at the third location, it increased the second year and was not detected the third year. WSMV infection increased, except for a decline the third year at one location. In contrast to 3.0% infection of wheat with TriMV and WSMV at one location, 85% of the wheat 1.6 km from that site was infected with TriMV and WSMV in 2009. Infection of wheat with TriMV caused significant yield and volume weight reductions in Danby, RonL, and Jagalene but not KS96HW10-3 wheat.

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Incidence of Wheat streak mosaic virus, Triticum mosaic virus, and Wheat mosaic virus in Wheat Curl Mites Recovered from Maturing Winter Wheat Spikes

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-06-15-0692-re ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 100 (2) ◽

pp. 318-323 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

E. Byamukama ◽

S. Tatineni ◽

G. Hein ◽

J. McMechan ◽

S. N. Wegulo

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Great Plains ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

The United States ◽

Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Wheat Seedlings ◽

Geographical Regions ◽

Sticky Tape

Wheat curl mites (WCM; Aceria tosichella) transmit Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV), and Wheat mosaic virus (WMoV) to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the Great Plains region of the United States. These viruses can be detected in single, double, or triple combinations in leaf samples. Information on incidence of viruses in WCM at the end of the growing season is scant. The availability of this information can enhance our knowledge of the epidemiology of WCM-transmitted viruses. This research was conducted to determine the frequency of occurrence of WSMV, TriMV, and WMoV in WCM populations on field-collected maturing wheat spikes and to determine differences in WCM densities in three geographical regions (southeast, west-central, and panhandle) in Nebraska. Maturing wheat spikes were collected from 83 fields across Nebraska in 2011 and 2012. The spikes were placed in proximity to wheat seedlings (three- to four-leaf stage) in WCM-proof cages in a growth chamber and on sticky tape. WCM that moved off the drying wheat spikes in cages infested the wheat seedlings. WCM that moved off wheat spikes placed on sticky tape were trapped on the tape and were counted under a dissecting microscope. At 28 days after infestation, the wheat plants were tested for the presence of WSMV, TriMV, or WMoV using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and multiplex polymerase chain reaction. WSMV was the most predominant virus detected in wheat seedlings infested with WCM from field-collected spikes. Double (TriMV+WSMV or WMoV+WSMV) or triple (TriMV+ WMoV +WSMV) virus detections were more frequent (47%) than single detections (5%) of TriMV or WSMV. Overall, 81% of the wheat seedlings infested with WCM tested positive for at least one virus. No significant association (P > 0.05) was found between regions for WCM trapped on tape. These results suggest that WCM present on mature wheat spikes harbor multiple wheat viruses and may explain high virus incidence when direct movement of WCM into emerging winter wheat occurs in the fall.

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Occurrence and Distribution of Triticum mosaic virus in the Central Great Plains

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-06-12-0535-re ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 97 (1) ◽

pp. 21-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

E. Byamukama ◽

D. L. Seifers ◽

G. L. Hein ◽

E. De Wolf ◽

N. A. Tisserat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

South Dakota ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Great Plains ◽

The United States ◽

High Plains ◽

Double Infection ◽

Field Surveys ◽

Wheat Curl Mite

Wheat curl mite (WCM)-transmitted viruses—namely, Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV), and the High Plains virus (HPV)—are three of the wheat-infecting viruses in the central Great Plains of the United States. TriMV is newly discovered and its prevalence and incidence are largely unknown. Field surveys were carried out in Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, and South Dakota in spring and fall 2010 and 2011 to determine TriMV prevalence and incidence and the frequency of TriMV co-infection with WSMV or HPV in winter wheat. WSMV was the most prevalent and was detected in 83% of 185 season–counties (= s-counties), 73% of 420 season–fields (= s-fields), and 35% of 12,973 samples. TriMV was detected in 32, 6, and 6% of s-counties, s-fields, and samples, respectively. HPV was detected in 34, 15, and 4% of s-counties, s-fields, and samples, respectively. TriMV was detected in all four states. In all, 91% of TriMV-positive samples were co-infected with WSMV, whereas WSMV and HPV were mainly detected as single infections. The results from this study indicate that TriMV occurs in winter wheat predominantly as a double infection with WSMV, which will complicate breeding for resistance to WCM-transmitted viruses.

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Differential Transmission of Two Isolates of Wheat streak mosaic virus by Five Wheat Curl Mite Populations

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-03-15-0342-re ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 100 (1) ◽

pp. 154-158 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

E. N. Wosula ◽

A. J. McMechan ◽

C. Oliveira-Hofman ◽

S. N. Wegulo ◽

G. L. Hein

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Great Plains ◽

Virus Transmission ◽

The United States ◽

Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Wheat Curl Mite ◽

Individual Mite

Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), type member of the genus Tritimovirus in the family Potyviridae, is an economically important virus causing annual average yield losses of approximately 2 to 3% in winter wheat across the Great Plains. The wheat curl mite (WCM), Aceria tosichella, transmits WSMV along with two other viruses found throughout the Great Plains of the United States. Two common genotypes of WSMV (Sidney 81 and Type) in the United States share 97.6% nucleotide sequence identity but their transmission relationships with the WCM are unknown. The objective of this study was to determine transmission of these two isolates of WSMV by five WCM populations (‘Nebraska’, ‘Montana’, ‘South Dakota’, ‘Type 1’, and ‘Type 2’). Nonviruliferous mites from each population were reared on wheat source plants mechanically inoculated with either Sidney 81 or Type WSMV isolates. For each source plant, individual mites were transferred to 10 separate test plants and virus transmission was determined by a double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Source plants were replicated nine times for each treatment (90 individual mite transfers). Results indicate that three mite populations transmitted Sidney 81 at higher rates compared with Type. Two mite populations (Nebraska and Type 2) transmitted Sidney 81 and Type at higher rates compared with the other three populations. Results from this study demonstrate that interactions between virus isolates and mite populations influence the epidemiology of WSMV.

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Cucumber Mosaic Virus, Tobacco Streak Virus, and Cucumber Mosaic Virus Satellite RNA Associated with Mosaic and Ringspot Symptoms in Ajuga reptans in Ohio

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.1997.81.10.1214d ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 81 (10) ◽

pp. 1214-1214 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. R. Fisher ◽

S. T. Nameth

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Molecular Weight ◽

Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

The United States ◽

Negative Control ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Low Molecular Weight ◽

Streak Virus ◽

Ajuga Reptans

Creeping bugleweed (Ajuga reptans L.) is a perennial ornamental commonly grown as a ground cover in temperate climates. Commercial samples of the A. reptans cultivars Royalty, var. Atropurpurea Bronze, Bronze Beauty, and Burgundy Glow showing mosaic and ringspot symptoms were tested for the presence of virus infection by direct antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and viral-associated double-stranded (ds) RNA analysis. Cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (CMV) was detected by ELISA and dsRNA analysis in symptomatic samples of all cultivars tested. ELISA values were considered positive if the absorbance values were twice the negative control. Negative control values were established with asymptomatic tissue of the cv. Bronze Beauty. Tobacco streak ilarvirus (TSV) was detected only by ELISA in symptomatic samples of all cultivars except Royalty. No dsRNA suggestive of TSV was detected. Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) was detected by ELISA and dsRNA analysis in symptomatic samples of all cultivars tested except Royalty and var. Atropurpurea Bronze. dsRNA analysis also indicated the presence of a low molecular weight, possible satellite (sat) RNA associated with all symptomatic and asymptomatic Royalty and var. Atropurpurea Bronze plants tested. Northern (RNA) blot analysis with a digoxigenin-labeled full-length clone of the (S) CARNA-5 (-) CMV satRNA (ATCC no. 45124) confirmed that the low molecular weight RNA associated with the Royalty and var. Atropurpurea Bronze cultivars was indeed CMV satRNA. Only AMV has been previously reported in A. reptans in the United States (1). This is the first report of CMV and its satRNA, as well as TSV, in A. reptans in the United States. Reference: (1) W. T. Schroeder and R. Provvidenti. Plant Dis. Rep. 56:285, 1972.

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First Report of Soilborne Wheat Mosaic Virus in the United Kingdom

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.1999.83.9.880a ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 83 (9) ◽

pp. 880-880 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

G. R. G. Clover ◽

D. M. Wright ◽

C. M. Henry

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽

Protein A ◽

The United States ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Field Samples ◽

Yellow Dwarf Virus

In April 1999, severe soilborne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV) symptoms were observed in five fields of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum, cvs. Consort, Equinox, and Savannah) on one farm in Wiltshire, UK. Affected plants were markedly stunted and had a pale mosaic on their leaf sheaths that developed into bright yellow, parallel streaks on the leaves as they unfolded. Symptomatic plants were found in discrete, elliptical patches ranging in size from a few square meters to nearly a hectare. During May and June, symptoms became less marked as temperatures increased and were restricted to lower leaves. SBWMV was positively identified in all five fields (60 to 170 plants per field) by double (W. Huth, BBA-Braunschweig, Germany; Sanofi Phyto-Diagnostics, Paris) and triple (T. Wilson, SCRI, Dundee, UK) antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and by reversetranscription polymerase chain reaction (2). Identification was confirmed by immunoelectron microscopy, including protein-A gold labeling, which revealed bipartite, rod-shaped particles typical of SBWMV. Neither wheat spindle streak mosaic virus nor barley yellow dwarf virus was detected in the field samples, nor was SBWMV detected in any other field subsequently sampled, despite a survey of the surrounding area. Wheat is the most important economic crop in the United Kingdom (≈1.9 million hectares are grown annually, yielding ≈16 million tonnes), but its position is threatened by the economic impact of SBWMV, which has decreased yields by up to 50% in the United States (1). References: (1) T. A. Kucharek and J. H. Walker. Plant Dis. Rep. 58:763, 1974. (2) R. E. Pennington et al. Plant Dis. 77:1202, 1993.

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Alternanthera mosaic virus Found in Scutellaria, Crossandra, and Portulaca spp. in Florida

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pd-90-0833c ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 90 (6) ◽

pp. 833-833 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

C. A. Baker ◽

L. Breman ◽

L. Jones

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

United States ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Plant Species ◽

The United States ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Indicator Plants ◽

Partial Identity ◽

Pcr Products

In the fall of 1998, the Division of Plant Industry (DPI) received vegetative propagations of Scutellaria longifolia (skullcap) with symptoms of foliar mosaic, chlorotic/necrotic ringspots, and wavy line patterns from a nursery in Manatee County. Flexuous particles approximately 500 nm long were found with electron microscopy. The plants tested positive for Papaya mosaic virus (PaMV) in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test with antiserum to PaMV (Agdia, Elkhart, IN). However, in immunodiffusion tests (antiserum from D. Purcifull, University of Florida), this virus gave a reaction of partial identity indicating it was related but not identical to PaMV (1). The original infected plants were kept in a greenhouse. In January 2005, a specimen of Crossandra infundibuliformis (firecracker plant) with mosaic symptoms was submitted to the DPI from a nursery in Alachua County. Inclusions found with light microscopy and particles found with electron microscopy indicated that this plant was infected with a potexvirus. This was confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with primers designed to detect members of the virus family Potexviridae (3). These plants reacted positive to PaMV antiserum in ELISA and gave a reaction of partial identity to PaMV in immunodiffusion. A specimen of Portulaca grandiflora (moss rose) with distorted leaves found at a local retail store was also tested and gave the same results. Leaves from each of the three plant species were rubbed onto a set of indicator plants using Carborundum and potassium phosphate buffer. Total RNA was extracted from symptomatic indicator plants of Nicotiana benthamiana. RT-PCR (3) was performed, and PCR products were sequenced directly. Sequences of approximately 700 bp were obtained for all three plant species and showed 98% identity with each other. BLAST search results showed that these sequences were 93% identical to an Alternanthera mosaic virus (AltMV) sequence at the nucleotide level but only 76% identical to PaMV. The amino acid sequences were 98 and 82% identical to AltMV and PaMV, respectively. The PCR products of the virus from Scutellaria sp. were cloned, resequenced, and the sequence was entered into the GenBank (Accession No. DQ393785). The bioassay results matched those found for AltMV in Australia (2) and the northeastern United States (4), except that the Florida viruses infected Datura stramonium and Digitalis purpurea (foxglove). The virus associated with the symptoms of these three plants appears to be AltMV and not PaMV. AltMV has been found in ornamental plants in Australia, Italy, and the United States (Pennsylvania, Maryland, and now Florida). Since this virus is known to infect several plants asymptomatically and can be easily confused with PaMV serologically, it is likely that the distribution of this virus is much wider than is known at this time. References: (1) L. L. Breman. Plant Pathology Circular No. 396. Fla. Dept. Agric. Consum. Serv. DPI, 1999. (2) A. D. W. Geering and J. E. Thomas. Arch Virol 144:577, 1999. (3) A. Gibbs et al. J Virol Methods 74:67, 1998. (4) J. Hammond et al. Arch Virol. 151:477, 2006.

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Above winter wheat

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p02-014 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 83 (1) ◽

pp. 107-108 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

S. D. Haley ◽

M. D. Lazar ◽

J. S. Quick ◽

J. J. Johnson ◽

G. L. Peterson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

Great Plains ◽

Herbicide Tolerance ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

The United States ◽

Mutation Induction ◽

Cultivar Description ◽

Agricultural Experiment ◽

Imidazolinone Herbicides

Above, a hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.), is adapted for dryland production in the west central Great Plains of the United States. It carries a nontransgenic source of tolerance to imidazolinone herbicides derived by mutation induction with sodium azide. Above was developed cooperatively by the Colorado and Texas Agricultural Experiment Stations and released to seed producers in September 2001. Key words: Triticum aestivum, wheat (winter), cultivar description, herbicide tolerance

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Occurrence of Viruses in Wheat in the Great Plains Region, 2008

Plant Health Progress ◽

10.1094/php-2009-0706-01-rs ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 14 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Mary Burrows ◽

Gary Franc ◽

Charlie Rush ◽

Tamla Blunt ◽

Dai Ito ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mosaic Virus ◽

Great Plains ◽

Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽

Average Frequency ◽

Yellow Dwarf ◽

Dwarf Virus ◽

High Plains ◽

Virus Infections ◽

Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽

First Time

Field surveys in 2008 determined the prevalence and diversity of viruses present in the Great Plains wheat crops. Symptomatic plants (n = 754) in nine states were tested for Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), Wheat mosaic virus (WMoV, formerly known as High Plains virus), Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV), Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV (BYDV-PAV), and Cereal yellow dwarf virus-RPV (CYDV-RPV), using indirect ELISA. Virus prevalence varied greatly, with average frequency of detection highest for WSMV (47%), followed by WMoV (19%), TriMV (17%), BYDV-PAV (7%), and lowest for CYDV-RPV (2%). Most positive plant samples (37%) had one virus present, with decreasing frequencies for co-infection by two (19%), three (5%), or four viruses (1%). TriMV was detected for the first time in Colorado, Nebraska, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming. WMoV was identified for the first time in Montana and Wyoming. Chlorotic streaks were more frequently associated with WSMV, WMoV, and TriMV (R = 0.166 to 0.342; P < 0.05), and stunting was more frequently associated with WMoV (R = 0.142; P = 0.004) or TriMV (R = 0.107; P = 0.033) than WSMV. Symptom severity did not increase with co-infection as compared to single virus infections, with the exception of plants co-infected with mite transmitted viruses in Texas. Accepted for publication 1 May 2009. Published 6 July 2009.

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Triticum mosaic virus Isolates in the Southern Great Plains

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-04-11-0281 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 95 (12) ◽

pp. 1516-1519 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Irazema Fuentes-Bueno ◽

Jacob A. Price ◽

Charles M. Rush ◽

Dallas L. Seifers ◽

John P. Fellers

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Great Plains ◽

Sequence Variation ◽

Economic Loss ◽

Nucleotide Sequencing ◽

Virus Population ◽

Southern Great Plains ◽

Secondary Objective ◽

Virus Isolates

In 2006, a previously unknown wheat (Triticum aestivum) virus was discovered in Western Kansas and given the name Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV). TriMV has since been found in wheat samples isolated all across the Great Plains. Even though it can infect singularly, TriMV is mostly found with Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) as a co-infection. The potential for TriMV to cause economic loss is significant, but very little is known about the virus. The objective of this study was to survey the TriMV population for genetic variation by nucleotide sequencing of isolates across a geographical region. A secondary objective was to characterize the WSMV isolates that are being co-transmitted with TriMV. Fourteen different TriMV isolations were taken from locations in Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas, and the coat protein cDNA was sequenced. Thirteen nucleotide differences were found in the TriMV isolates, of which three induce amino acid changes. WSMV isolates had 65 nucleotide changes when compared to WSMV Sydney81. Our results indicate the TriMV virus population has minimal amounts of sequence variation and no singular WSMV genotype is specifically associated with TriMV co-infection. Based on the isolates analyzed, it appears that the field population of TriMV is very homogeneous.

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An Experimental Host Range for Triticum mosaic virus

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-94-9-1125 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 94 (9) ◽

pp. 1125-1131 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Dallas L. Seifers ◽

T. J. Martin ◽

J. P. Fellers

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Host Range ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Plant Species ◽

Grass Species ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Experimental Host ◽

Experimental Host Range ◽

Differential Hosts ◽

Growth Habits

Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV) is a newly discovered virus isolated from wheat (Triticum aestivum). This study was conducted to determine an experimental host range for TriMV and identify species that could serve as differential hosts for isolating TriMV from Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV). Plants tested were mechanically inoculated with the 06-123 isolate of TriMV or the Sidney 81 isolate of WSMV. Some plants were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using antibodies of TriMV and WSMV. Plants infected with TriMV always produced mosaic symptoms and only extracts of symptomatic plants reacted with antibodies of TriMV. Maize is not a host for TriMV but barley, oat, rye, and triticale are hosts of TriMV. Certain barley and triticale accessions are hosts for TriMV but not WSMV. These plants can be used in combination with maize to separate WSMV and TriMV in plants infected by both viruses. We also showed that 8 wild grass species were susceptible to TriMV and 25 were not. All of the grasses susceptible to infection with TriMV have been reported as susceptible to infection with WSMV. Because of their growth habits, these plant species would be less desirable for use as differential hosts than maize, barley, and triticale.

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