Sweet potato genotypes CIP BRS Nuti and Canadense are resistant to Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne javanica and Meloidogyne enterolobii

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre F.S. Mello ◽  
Maria Gabriela da Silva ◽  
Raquel Lima Sousa ◽  
Alexandre Vogado de Souza Barbosa ◽  
Erich Yukio Tempel Nakasu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Potato Cultivar ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
South American ◽  
Meloidogyne Enterolobii ◽  
Staple Crop ◽  
The Impact

Sweet potato is a staple crop in Brazil presenting a smaller number of pathogens and diseases in comparison with other root and tuberous crops. Root knot nematodes are among the most serious sweet potato root pathogens. The impact of these pathogens also extends to following crops. Since in Brazil it is common to cultivate more than one crop per season this problem is rapidly disseminated. The aim of this study is to assess the resistance of two sweet potato clones and three commercial sweet potato genotypes to three different Meloidogyne species. Assays were performed under greenhouse conditions in two separate seasons. CIP BRS Nuti, one of the new clones and Canadense, one of the commercial genotypes were resistant to Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica and M. enterolobii. This finding was obtained based on the reproduction factor smaller than 0,2 meaning that the initial population of 5,000 nematodes was reduced to less than 1,000 individuals after 90 days of inoculation. This data was also confirmed by the small number of eggs, egg masses and galls. Tomato and sweet potato cultivar Beauregard, known to be susceptible to the three nematode species were highly damaged by the pathogens. To our knowledge CIP BRS Nuti and Canadense are the first South American commercial cultivars with triple nematode resistance.

scholarly journals Effects of the root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica on olive plants growth in glasshouse conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Jahanshahi Afshar ◽  
N. Sasanelli ◽  
S. Hosseininejad ◽  
Z. Tanha Maafi
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Main Shoot ◽  
Olive Cultivar ◽  
Gall Index

Abstract The influence of ten initial population levels (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, 3.2, 6.4, 12.8 and 25.6 second stage juveniles/cm3 soil) of Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica on olive cultivar Zard growth was studied in two pot trials. Ten month old self-rooted olive cuttings were individually transplanted into 2 000 cm3 pot and inoculated with the defined initial populations, of both nematode species. Plants were grown in glasshouse for 13 months, then they were uprooted and plant growth (percent growth increase of main shoot length, number of nodes on main shoot, top and root fresh and dry weights and root length) and nematode parameters (root gall index, J2/g root, final nematode population density and reproduction rate Pf/Pi) were recorded. Results showed that cv. Zard was more susceptible to M. javanica than to M. incognita. A significant reduction of main shoot length growth 37.6 % and 10.7 % was observed at 0.1 and 12.8 juveniles/cm3 soil of M. javanica and M. incognita, respectively, in comparison to uninfested plants. Root systems of olive plants grown in M. incognita or M. javanica infested soils were galled within the gall index range 1.4–6. No significant differences were observed in the number of nodes on main shoot, top and root fresh weights and root dry weight at high levels of M. incognita Pi. A tolerance limit (T) of 0.4 juveniles/cm3 soil was estimated for olive plants cv. Zard to M. javania. The use of resistant olive rootstock or selected cultivars is recommended to minimize or to limit damage of nematode infections in nurseries and to prevent secondary attacks of soil borne plant pathogens especially Verticillium dahliae.

scholarly journals Resistance to Meloidogyne enterolobii and Meloidogyne incognita in Cultivated and Wild Cowpea

HortScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 460-468
Author(s):  
Rocheteau Dareus ◽  
Antonio Carlos Mota Porto ◽  
Mesfin Bogale ◽  
Peter DiGennaro ◽  
Carlene A. Chase ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Mini Core Collection ◽  
Meloidogyne Enterolobii ◽  
The University

Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] is a multipurpose crop that provides nutrients for human and livestock diets, as well as regulates and supports ecosystem services. In developing countries, cowpea is exploited as a dual-purpose crop for its grain and fodder; it is cultivated primarily for grain and as a cover crop in industrialized countries. However, root-knot nematodes (RKNs) (Meloidogyne spp.) represent a threat to cowpea production worldwide. Thus, we screened the University of California, Riverside (UC-Riverside), cowpea mini-core collection for resistance to Meloidogyne incognita Kofoid and White (Chitwood) and M. enterolobii Yang and Eisenback to verify the potential of this collection to be used for improving RKN resistance in cowpeas. Both screenings showed significant genotypic variation and medium/high broad-sense heritability (H2) estimates for most traits, and several traits were also strongly correlated. For the M. incognita screening, 86.1% of accessions showed some level of resistance based on gall score (≤3), and 77.7% based on reproduction index (RI) (25 ≤ RI ≤ 50), whereas only 10.4% and 29.8% of accessions were resistant to M. enterolobii based on gall score (≤3) and RI (25 ≤ RI ≤ 50), respectively. These results demonstrate the greater virulence of M. enterolobii than M. incognita in cowpea, and that geographic origin of germplasm was not linked to sources of resistance. Among cultivars, only US-1136 showed resistance against both nematode species, whereas 12 wild/landrace germplasms exhibited resistance to M. incognita and M. enterolobii, and can be exploited for breeding resistant cowpeas.

scholarly journals Early selection of potato clones with the H1 resistance gene – the relation of nematode resistance to quality characteristics

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 278-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Milczarek ◽  
A. Przetakiewicz ◽  
P. Kamiński ◽  
B. Flis
Keyword(s):  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Potato Cultivar ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Early Selection ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Resistant Progeny ◽  
The Impact

Breeding a new potato cultivar is a long-term process ending with a few elite individuals from initially large populations. Screening for resistance in the seedling and first clonal generations is a cost-effective and efficient way to reduce the time needed to create a new variety. Unlike the phenotypic assessment of resistance to nematodes, marker-assisted selection (MAS) can be applied at early stages of selection. The frequent question among breeders is about the impact of early selection for resistance on the agronomic value of finally selected resistant progeny. The study presents a relationship between the presence of markers TG689 and 57R and some agricultural traits in field grown seedlings and three successive vegetative generations. Both markers are linked to H1 gene, which confers resistance to the golden cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis. Clones with these markers had higher total tuber and starch yield than those without the markers. A negative relationship between marker presence and quality was not observed.

Infoveillance based on Social Sensors to Analyze the impact of Covid19 in South American Population (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josimar E. Chire Saire
Keyword(s):  
Text Mining ◽  
Electronic Communication ◽  
Spanish Speakers ◽  
South American ◽  
South American Population ◽  
The People ◽  
Data Source ◽  
The Impact ◽  
General Concern ◽  
Social Sensors

BACKGROUND Infoveillance is an application from Infodemiology field with the aim to monitor public health and create public policies. Social sensor is the people providing thought, ideas through electronic communication channels(i.e. Internet). The actual scenario is related to tackle the covid19 impact over the world, many countries have the infrastructure, scientists to help the growth and countries took actions to decrease the impact. South American countries have a different context about Economy, Health and Research, so Infoveillance can be a useful tool to monitor and improve the decisions and be more strategical. The motivation of this work is analyze the capital of Spanish Speakers Countries in South America using a Text Mining Approach with Twitter as data source. The preliminary results helps to understand what happens two weeks ago and opens the analysis from different perspectives i.e. Economics, Social. OBJECTIVE Analyze the behaviour of South American Capitals in front of covid19 pandemics and show the helpfulness of Text Mining Approach for Infoveillance tasks. METHODS Text Mining process RESULTS - Argentina and Venezuela capitals are the biggest number of post during this period, opposite with Bolivia, Ecuador and Uruguay. - Most relevant users are related to mass media like radio, television or newspapers. - There is a general concern about covid19 but every country talks about different areas: Economics, Health, Environmental Impact. CONCLUSIONS Infoveillance based on Social Sensors with data coming from Twitter can help to understand the trends on the population of the capitals. Besides, it is necessary to filter the posts for processing the text and get insights about frequency, top users, most important terms. This data is useful to analyse the population from different approaches. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT RR2-https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.06.20055749

scholarly journals Investigating the Impact of Root-Lesion Nematodes (Pratylenchus thornei) and Crown Rot (Fusarium pseudograminearum) on Diverse Cereal Cultivars in a Conservation Farming System

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 867
Author(s):  
John P. Thompson ◽  
Timothy G. Clewett
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Fusarium Pseudograminearum ◽  
Conservation Farming ◽  
Pratylenchus Thornei ◽  
Fourth Experiment ◽  
The Impact

In two experiments on a farm practicing conservation agriculture, the grain yield of a range of wheat cultivars was significantly (p < 0.001) negatively related to the post-harvest population densities of Pratylenchus thornei in the soil profile to 45 cm depth. In a third and fourth experiment with different rotations, methyl bromide fumigation significantly (p < 0.05) decreased (a) a low initial population density of P. thornei in the soil profile to 90 cm depth and (b) a high initial population of P. thornei to 45 cm depth, and a medium level of the crown rot fungus, Fusarium pseudograminearum, at 0–15 cm depth to a low level. For a range of wheat and durum cultivars, grain yield and response to fumigation were highly significantly (p < 0.001) related to (a) the P. thornei tolerance index of the cultivars in the third experiment, and (b) to both the P. thornei tolerance index and the crown rot resistance index in the fourth experiment. In the latter, grain yield was significantly (p < 0.001) positively related to biomass at anthesis and negatively related to percentage whiteheads at grain fill growth stage. One barley cultivar was more tolerant to both diseases than the wheat and durum cultivars. Crop rotation, utilizing crop cultivars resistant and tolerant to both P. thornei and F. pseudograminearum, is key to success for conservation farming in this region.

scholarly journals Effects of Process Parameters on the Color Quality of Anthocyanin-Based Colorants from Conventional and Microwave-Assisted Aqueous Extraction of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Leaf Varieties

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Jin Mark D. G. Pagulayan ◽  
Aprille Suzette V. Mendoza ◽  
Fredelyn S. Gascon ◽  
Jan Carlo C. Aningat ◽  
Abigail S. Rustia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Aqueous Extraction ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Color Quality ◽  
The Impact

The study aimed to evaluate the effects of process parameters (time and raw material weight (RMW)) of conventional (boiling for 10–45 min) and microwave-assisted (2–8 min) aqueous extraction on the color quality (i.e., lightness (L*), chroma (C*), and hue (H°) of anthocyanin –based colorants of red and Inubi sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) leaves. Using response surface methodology, it was found that RMW and boiling time (BT) and microwave time (MT) generally had a significant (p < 0.05) effect on the color quality of the extract from both extraction methods. The effects were found to vary depending on the extraction method and variety of the leaves used. Both extraction methods produced a brown to brick-red extract from the Inubi variety that turned red-violet to pink when acidified. The red sweet potato leaves produced a deep violet colored extract that also turned red-violet when acidified. It is recommended that the anthocyanin content of the extracts be measured to validate the impact of the methods on the active agent. Nevertheless, the outcomes in this study may serve as baseline data for further studies on the potential of sweet potato leaf colorants (SPLC) as a colorant with functional properties.

A new species of Dichelyne (Nematoda, Cucullanidae) parasitizing sciaenid fishes from off the South American Atlantic coast

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Timi ◽  
Ana Lanfranchi ◽  
Luiz Tavares ◽  
José Luque
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Length Distribution ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
South American ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Pacific Waters ◽  
A New Species

AbstractA new nematode species Dichelyne (Cucullanellus) sciaenidicola sp. nov. is described based on specimens collected from the Whitemouth croaker Micropogonias furnieri (Desmarest) and the Argentine croaker Umbrina canosai Berg, from coastal waters of Argentina and Brazil. These nematodes were firstly identified as D. (C.) elongatus (Törnquist, 1931), a commonly reported species from M. furnieri in South American Atlantic waters. However, other species of Dichelyne have so far been reported from this host in the same area, namely D. (C.) rodriguesi (Pinto, Fábio et Noronha, 1970), D. (C.) amaruincai (Freitas, Vicente et Ibañez, 1969) and D. (Dichelyne) micropogonii Pereira et Costa, 1996. A careful re-examination of these parasites, as well as of type specimens of all species reported from M. furnieri, revealed that these nematodes represented a new species. The new species is distinguished from most of its congeners by having papillae 5–7 and 9 forming a subventral line close to cloaca, this feature is shared with other 6 species [D. (C.) dichelyneformis (Szidat, 1950), D. (C.) fraseri (Baylis, 1929), D. (C.) abbreviatus (Rudolphi, 1819), D. (C.) adriaticus (Törnquist, 1931), D. (C.) minutus (Rudolphi, 1819) and D. (C.) mariajuliae Alarcos, Timi, Etchegoin et Sardella, 2006)], which are readily distinguished by their body size, spicules length, distribution patterns of other papillae and position of the excretory pore and deirids. Also, D. (C.) elongatus from Umbrina canariensis (Valenciennes) from West Africa is established as a new species Dichelyne (Cucullanellus) yvonnecampanae sp. nov.; D. (C.) amaruincai from Pacific waters is considered as a valid species, D. (D.) micropogonii is regarded as species inquirendae and D. (C.) rodriguesi is identified as Cucullanus sp.

Internal gas atmospheres, ethanol, and leakage of electrolytes from a flood-tolerant and a flood-susceptible sweet potato cultivar as influenced by anaerobiosis

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 3399-3404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling A. Chang ◽  
Larry K. Hammett ◽  
David M. Pharr
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Potato Cultivar ◽  
Enriched Environment ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Susceptible Cultivar ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Gas Atmosphere ◽  
High Concentrations

The postanaerobic behavior of sweet potato roots from a flood-tolerant cultivar, 'Centennial,' and a flood-susceptible cultivar, 'Caromex,' was studied. High concentrations of CO2 and low concentrations of O2 were present in the internal atmosphere of 'Caromex' roots even after the anaerobically pretreated roots were restored to air for a few days, whereas in 'Centennial,' the internal gas atmosphere was less affected by anoxia. Ethanol accumulation in 'Caromex' was consistently higher than in 'Centennial,' and the postanaerobic changes were different between cultivars. An inducation of electrolyte leakage was observed from both cultivars immediately after roots were exposed to a CO2-enriched environment for 48 h. The leakage became greater in 'Caromex' after a 3-day aerobic exposure. In 'Centennial,' leakage of electrolytes due to CO2 treatment diminished at the end of 3 days. Application of ethanol to the discs had no immediate effect on electrolyte leakage in either cultivar under a N2 environment. However, anaerobiosis alone resulted in higher electrolyte leakage. It remains to be determined that the postanaerobic patterns of 'Caromex' and 'Centennial' are characteristic of flood-susceptible and flood-tolerant sweet potato cultivars in general.

The philometrid nematodePhilometroides acreanensis n. sp. from the stomach wall of the catfishPimelodus blochiiin north-western Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.H.O. Cavalcante ◽  
F. Moravec ◽  
C.P. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Gravid Female ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Fish Host ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stomach Wall ◽  
Amazon River ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
South American

AbstractA new nematode species,Philometroides acreanensisn. sp. (Philometridae), is described from female specimens recovered from the stomach wall of the freshwater catfishPimelodus blochiiValenciennes (Pimelodidae) collected in the Acre River (Amazon River basin), Acre State, Brazil. Based on examination by light and scanning electron microscopy, the new species differs from the two other South American congeneric species mainly in the body length of the gravid female (240–280 mm), the length of the oesophagus (1.25 mm in holotype) representing 0.5% of the entire body length, the range of cuticular embossment, as well as the location in the host (stomach), order of the fish host (Siluriformes) and the geographical distribution (Amazon River drainage system). This is the third known species ofPhilometroidesYamaguti, 1935 reported from South America. A key to species ofPhilometroidesoccurring in the fish of America is provided.

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