scholarly journals Distribution and Characteristics of Colletotrichum spp. Associated with Anthracnose of Strawberry in Hubei, China

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 996-1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. C. Han ◽  
X. G. Zeng ◽  
F. Y. Xiang ◽  
L. Ren ◽  
F. Y. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Central China ◽  
Plant Mortality ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides Species Complex ◽  
Serious Disease

Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum spp. is a serious disease of strawberry. The etiology of anthracnose of strawberry is complex, and several Colletotrichum spp. have been regarded as causal agents. In the present study, multilocus (actin, β-tubulin, calmodulin, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and chitin synthase) phylogenetic analysis revealed that 100 isolates of Colletotrichum associated with anthracnose of strawberry in central China belong to five species. In total, 97 isolates were identified belonging to the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex, with C. murrayae, C. gloeosporioides, C. fructicola, and C. aenigma accounting for 81, 8, 4, and 4% of the total isolates, respectively. Three isolates belonging to the C. acutatum complex were identified as C. nymphaeae. On inoculated strawberry plants, isolates of C. fructicola and C. murrayae species showed strong pathogenicity to both leaves and petioles of strawberry, with plant mortality 30 days after inoculation of 77.8 and 55.6%, respectively. C. gloeosporioides, C. aenigma, and C. nymphaeae showed strong pathogenicity to leaves but weak pathogenicity to petioles, with plant mortality 30 days after inoculation of 5.6, 16.7, and 11.1%, respectively. The five species were divided into four classes based on their maximum growth temperatures. Isolates of C. murrayae and C. gloeosporioides were more tolerant to high temperature (>34°C) than isolates of other species, followed by C. fructicola and C. aenigma. Isolates of C. nymphaeae, which are only distributed in areas of higher altitude (1,100 m), were highly sensitive to higher temperature. These results indicate that pathogenicity and adaptation to temperature are important factors in the distribution of Colletotrichum spp. on strawberry plants. This research may increase our understanding of how Colletotrichum spp. emerge and spread to geographical regions with different latitudes or elevations.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Species Complex Causing Peach Anthracnose in South Carolina

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 797-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng-Jun Hu ◽  
Anja Grabke ◽  
Guido Schnabel
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Peach Fruit ◽  
Multiplex Pcr Assay ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides Species Complex

Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, C. acutatum, and C. truncatum are causal agents of anthracnose disease of peach in South Carolina, but more recent investigations show that C. gloeosporioides is a species complex that has not yet been investigated among peach isolates. A total of 28 Colletotrichum spp. isolates associated with peach fruit anthracnose were collected in 2012 from Chesnee (10 isolates), McBee (10 isolates), Monetta (2 isolates), and Ridge Spring (6 isolates), South Carolina. Morphological characteristics indicated that all 28 isolates belonged to the C. gloeosporioides species complex. Phylogenetic analysis of the combined calmodulin (CAL), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and β-tubulin (TUB2) gene sequences identified two species, C. siamense and C. fructicola. Cultural characteristics such as colony growth rate, shape and size of conidia, and appressoria from representative isolates of the two species largely matched previous descriptions for C. siamense and C. fructicola. Koch’s postulates for C. siamense and C. fructicola were fulfilled, confirming pathogenicity of the two species on peach. A new, two-step multiplex PCR assay was developed to facilitate differentiation of the four known Colletotrichum spp. causing anthracnose of peach in South Carolina, including C. acutatum, C. truncatum, C. siamense, and C. fructicola. The first step distinguished C. acutatum from C. truncatum and the two members of the C. gloeosporioides species complex. The second assay distinguished C. siamense from C. fructicola isolates.

Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides Species Complex: Pathogen Causing Anthracnose, Gummosis and Die-Back Diseases of Cashew (Anacardium Occidentale L.) In Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Muntala ◽  
P. M. Norshie ◽  
K. G. Santo ◽  
C. K. S. Saba
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides Species Complex

A survey was conducted in twenty-five cashew (Anacardium occidentale) orchards in five communities in the Dormaa-Central Municipality of Bono Region of Ghana to assess the incidence and severity of anthracnose, gummosis and die-back diseases on cashew. Cashew diseased samples of leaves, stem, inflorescences, twigs, flowers, nuts and apples showing symptoms (e. g. small, water-soaked, circular or irregular yellow, dark or brown spots or lesions on leaves, fruits and flowers, sunken surface, especially on the apples, blight, gum exudates) were collected for isolation of presumptive causative organism. The pathogen was isolated after disinfecting the excised diseased pieces in 70% ethanol, plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated at 28 oC for 3 to 7 days. The identity of the putative pathogen was morphologically and culturally confirmed as belonging to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex using standard mycological identification protocols. The pathogen had varied conidia sizes of between 9-15 up to 20 μm in length and diameter of 3-6 μm. The conidia were straight and cylindrically shaped with rounded or obtuse ends. The septate mycelium was whitish-grey, velvety and cotton-like in appearance from the top. The results confirmed the presence of the pathogen in the orchards with incidence ranging from 6.9% and 14.0% for gummosis and averaged 22.9% for anthracnose infected orchards. The result of the pathogenicity test confirmed the isolates to be pathogenic on inoculated cashew seedlings and were consistently re-isolated, thereby establishing the pathogen as the true causal agent of the said diseases in cashew trees and thus completed the Koch’s postulate.

Vortex evolution in a round jet

1968 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Becker ◽  
T. A. Massaro
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Ring Vortex ◽  
Acoustic Excitation ◽  
Light Scatter ◽  
Turbulent Eddies ◽  
Cylindrical Vortex ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Pure Tones ◽  
Axisymmetrical Jet

A study has been made of the varicose instability of an axisymmetrical jet with a velocity distribution radially uniform at the nozzle mouth except for a laminar boundary layer at the wall. The evolutionary phenomena of instability, such as the rolling up of the cylindrical vortex layer into ring vortices, the coalescence of ring vortex pairs, and the eventual disintegration into turbulent eddies, have been investigated as a function of the Reynolds number using smoke photography, stroboscopic observation, and the light-scatter technique.Emphasis has been placed on the wavelength with maximum growth rate. The jet is highly sensitive to sound and the effects of several types of acoustic excitation, including pure tones, have been determined.

scholarly journals Identification of the Colletotrichum species associated with mango diseases and a universal LAMP detection method for C. gloeosporioides species complex

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
Yukako Hattori ◽  
Chiharu Nakashima ◽  
Shunsuke Kitabata ◽  
Kosuke Naito ◽  
Ayaka Hieno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Gene Coding ◽  
Detectable Range ◽  
Amplification Assay ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides Species Complex

Abstract: The Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex contains plant pathogens linked to Anthracnose diseases afflicting various crops. In this study, we designed a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay (LAMP) primer set based on calmodulin gene coding region sequences from taxonomically authorized isolates of species from this complex to rapidly detect the presence of fungi associated with Anthracnose diseases. This test can be employed at any point between cultivation and sale. Moreover, we examined the specificity and detectable range of this primer set using isolates selected from species of the genus Colletotrichum. This test was able to specifically detect members of the C. gloeosporioides species complex, including C. gloeosporioides, C. aotearoa, C. fructicola, C. horii, C. kahawae, C. musae, C. siamense, C. theobromicola, and C. tropicale. Key Words: Anthracnose, diagnosis, phylogeny, plant disease

scholarly journals Caracterização da agressividade de isolados de Colletotrichum de maracujá amarelo com marcadores bioquímico, fisiológico e molecular

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 318-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Carlos C. Almeida ◽  
Rildo S.B. Coêlho
Keyword(s):  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Glomerella Cingulata ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp

A antracnose é a doença pós-colheita mais importante do maracujá amarelo, cujo agente etiológico, no Brasil, foi identificado como Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Visando caracterizar o patógeno, foram obtidos 33 isolados de três regiões produtoras do estado de Pernambuco. Critérios morfológicos como cor de colônia, forma e dimensão de conídios, a produção de peritécio e o uso de primers específicos para C. acutatum, C. gloeosporioides e "Colletotrichum de Passiflora" permitiram identificar Glomerella cingulata patótipo 1, G. cingulata patótipo 2, Colletotrichum sp. de Passiflora e Colletotrichum sp. de maracujá amarelo. Inoculações em maracujá amarelo possibilitaram separar os isolados em dois grupos, um de agressividade alta (GA-1) e outro de agressividade baixa (GA-2). Os marcadores bioquímicos como atividade enzimática amilolítica, celulolítica, lipolítica e proteolítica assim como o marcador fisiológico crescimento micelial não separaram os isolados pela agressividade. O padrão de marcas geradas pela amplificação dos DNAs dos isolados usando primers RAPD evidenciou que os isolados do GA-1 variaram menos geneticamente entre si do que os isolados do GA-2, demonstrando que os do GA-1 evoluíram mais recentemente. A amplificação do DNA dos isolados com o primer OPA-9 gerou um marcador que possibilitou caracterizar 85,7% dos isolados do GA-1 e também alguns isolados do GA-2 com agressividade próxima às dos isolados do GA-1, e por isto o primer OPA-9 pode ser usado para caracterizar isolados de Colletotrichum spp. de alta agressividade em programa de resistência genética.

Could this be whooping cough?

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 639-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Nee ◽  
Elaine Weir ◽  
Madhur Vardhan ◽  
Ankita Vaidya
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Pertussis Infection ◽  
Respiratory Disorders ◽  
Very Young Children ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Serious Disease

Whooping cough is a notifiable bacterial respiratory infection caused by Bordetella pertussis. It may produce serious disease, especially in immunocompromised individuals and very young children. The number of reported cases increases in the winter months and the incidence peaks every 4–5 years. However, this periodicity is variable and is inconsistent between different geographical regions. Bordetella pertussis infection (BPI) may be underdiagnosed because of its seasonality and the fact that clinical features may be indistinguishable from other respiratory disorders in the paediatric ED setting. Treatment with antibiotics reduces the period of infectivity but may not shorten the illness. This review discusses the epidemiology of the disease, its clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and the disposition of patients with BPI.

scholarly journals Detection of Helminthosporium Leaf Blotch Disease Based on UAV Imagery

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huasheng Huang ◽  
Jizhong Deng ◽  
Yubin Lan ◽  
Aqing Yang ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Disease Classification ◽  
Central China ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Disease Detection ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
Ground Investigation ◽  
Normal Light ◽  
Serious Disease

Helminthosporium leaf blotch (HLB) is a serious disease of wheat causing yield reduction globally. Usually, HLB disease is controlled by uniform chemical spraying, which is adopted by most farmers. However, increased use of chemical controls have caused agronomic and environmental problems. To solve these problems, an accurate spraying system must be applied. In this case, the disease detection over the whole field can provide decision support information for the spraying machines. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the potential of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing for HLB detection. In this work, the UAV imagery acquisition and ground investigation were conducted in Central China on April 22th, 2017. Four disease categories (normal, light, medium, and heavy) were established based on different severity degrees. A convolutional neural network (CNN) was proposed for HLB disease classification. The experiments on data preprocessing, classification, and hyper-parameters tuning were conducted. The overall accuracy and standard error of the CNN method was 91.43% and 0.83%, which outperformed other methods in terms of accuracy and stabilization. Especially for the detection of the diseased samples, the CNN method significantly outperformed others. Experimental results showed that the HLB infected areas and healthy areas can be precisely discriminated based on UAV remote sensing data, indicating that UAV remote sensing can be proposed as an efficient tool for HLB disease detection.

scholarly journals Identificación y caracterización de Colletotrichum spp. causante de antracnosis en aguacate de Nayarit, México

2017 ◽  
pp. 3953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eddy Trinidad-Ángel ◽  
Felipe De Jesús Ascencio-Valle ◽  
Osé Armando Ulloa ◽  
Osé Carmen Ramírez-Ramírez ◽  
Juan Arturo Ragazzo-Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp

La antracnosis, ocasionada por Colletotrichum spp., es una de las principales enfermedades del aguacate que afecta la calidad del fruto y merma su producción. En los últimos años se han reportado dificultades para la prevención y erradicación de esta enfermedad. Por ello, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue identificar y caracterizar cepas de Colletotrichum spp. como agente causal de antracnosis en el aguacate ‘Hass’., mediante estudios morfológicos, patogénicos y moleculares, a partir de aislamientos provenientes de las principales zonas productoras de aguacate del estado de Nayarit, México. Se recolectaron frutos con síntomas típicos de la enfermedad, colectados en cuatro ejidos pertenecientes a los municipios de Xalisco y Tepic, Nayarit, México. Se obtuvo una colección de 20 aislamientos, de los cuales 13 son de C. gloeosporioides, una C. hymenocallidis, cinco C. siamense y una de C. tropicale, siendo la más patógena el Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Es importante destacar que este es el primer reporte de C. hymenocallidis y C. siamense en aguacate.    

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document