scholarly journals Botrytis prunorum Associated to Vitis vinifera Blossom Blight in Chile

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (9) ◽  
pp. 2324-2329
Author(s):  
Marcela Esterio ◽  
Claudio Osorio-Navarro ◽  
Claudia Carreras ◽  
Madelaine Azócar ◽  
Charleen Copier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Thompson Seedless ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
White Mycelium ◽  
Multilocus Approach ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Table grapes are highly susceptible to Botrytis cinerea infections during the bloom period. After reaching the flower development stage, B. cinerea remains quiescent until berry ripening or gives rise to blossom blight under specific climate conditions. A research study was conducted on the Chilean Central Valley during the 2018–2019 growing season. Flowers of Vitis vinifera cv. Thompson Seedless were collected and B. cinerea was isolated together to a second and morphologically different species, characterized by white mycelium and low to no sporulation (11.4% of total isolates). Three randomly selected isolates within this population were genetically examined and identified as Botrytis prunorum based on a phylogenetic multilocus approach using partial regions of genes RPB2, HSP60, and G3PDH or NEP1 and NEP2. Pathogenicity tests showed that B. prunorum infects and causes wilting in healthy table grape flowers. B. prunorum isolates were able to infect Thompson Seedless berries, inducing lesions between 13.11 and 41.53% with respect to the lesion diameter generated by B. cinerea B05.10. The fungicide sensitivity was evaluated. The three genetically characterized isolates were sensitive to boscalid and to cyprodinil/fludioxonil mixture with a mean EC50 value of 5.5 µg/ml and 0.065 µg/ml, respectively. However, loss of sensitivity to fenhexamid was determined, with a mean EC50 value of 5.13 µg/ml. Our understanding about blossom blight in V. vinifera has been limited to B. cinerea. Here we associated B. prunorum as a second causal agent of this disease in Chile. This data represents a first approach to the epidemiological characteristics of B. prunorum associated with blossom blight in table grapes.

scholarly journals 808 PB 144 EFFECTIVNESS OF AEROSOL SPRAYS FOR CONTROLLING ROT IN TABLE GRAPES

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 549a-549
Author(s):  
M. Ahmed Ahmedullah
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
High Relative Humidity ◽  
Viable Alternative ◽  
Thompson Seedless ◽  
Storage Size ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
And Control

Fruit of Vitis vinifera cvs. Flame Seedless, Thompson Seedless and Black Monukka were fumigated with 4, 6 and 8 Deccodione Smoke Tables (DST) for 30 minutes. Fruit was stored at 32 F and high relative humidity. Decay control index, freshness of stems and bleaching around the capstem were recorded at 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks of storage. Size of the aerosol particles was determined using an electrical aerosol analyzer. Fruit was analysed for Deccodione residues. Lower rates of the fungicide gave unsatisfactory decay control. Eight DSTs successfully controlled decay upto a period of 14 weeks. There was no bleaching of pigments commonly associated with sulfur dioxide fumigation. Majority of the aerosol particles were between 0.18 and 0.32 micrometers. Deccodione residues on the fruit were within the acceptable limits established for Deccodione. There was no perceptible difference in taste between treated and control fruit. This method of decay control could provide a viable alternative to sulfur dioxide fumigation.

scholarly journals Characterizing the Brown Spot Pathosystem in Late-Harvest Table Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) in the California Central Valley

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (11) ◽  
pp. 2204-2210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandra L. Swett ◽  
Tyler Bourret ◽  
W. Douglas Gubler
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
Table Grape ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Postharvest Disease ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
Table Grapes

Brown spot, caused by Cladosporium spp., is becoming a problematic postharvest disease of late season table grape (Vitis vinifera) in the California central valley, and management is hindered by knowledge gaps in disease etiology and epidemiology. Brown spot is herein described as a pre- and postharvest dry rot typified by an external brown to black spot or black mycelium which encases the placenta. Isolates in the Cladosporium herbarum and C. cladosporioides species complexes were recovered from 85 and 5% of brown-spot affected berries, respectively. Five isolates in the C. herbarum species complex, representing three phylogenetically distinct species (C. limoniforme, C. ramotenellum, and C. tenellum), and one C. cladosporioides isolate all caused brown spot symptoms under cold-storage conditions, with and without mechanical wounding. Isolate virulence was similar (P > 0.05) based on disease incidence and severity on intact berries but severity varied on wounded berries (P < 0.001). Surface disinfestation reduced severity of cluster rot development following 2 weeks in cold storage (P = 0.027) but incidence was not affected (P = 0.17). This work provides foundational information on brown spot pathosystem etiology and biology in late-harvest table grape, which can be used to improve management.

scholarly journals Resistance of Vitis Germplasm to Elsinoë ampelina (de Bary) Shear Evaluated by Lesion Number and Diameter

HortScience ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 1433-1439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Kono ◽  
Akihiko Sato ◽  
Yusuke Ban ◽  
Nobuhito Mitani
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Table Grape ◽  
Wine Grapes ◽  
Thompson Seedless ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Lesion Number ◽  
Elsinoe Ampelina

We evaluated the resistance of 133 grapevine cultivars or selections, including Vitis vinifera and American hybrids, on the basis of lesion number and length to identify sources of resistance to grapevine anthracnose. All germplasms tested in this study showed anthracnose symptoms to some extent, and the distribution of lesion number and diameter was continuous. Most table grape V. vinifera cultivars were highly susceptible, showing many large lesions. However, V. vinifera wine grapes were more resistant with smaller lesions. Some American hybrid grapes such as ‘Ontario’ showed very few and small lesions. There was a significant positive correlation between lesion number and size in American (r = 0.63, P = 0.0041) and Japanese hybrids (r = 0.56, P < 0.001), whereas there was no correlation between these characters in V. vinifera. Japanese tetraploid cultivars were neither highly susceptible nor resistant. High anthracnose susceptibility of most well-known table grape V. vinifera cultivars, including ‘Muscat of Alexandria’, ‘Italia’, ‘Rizamat’, ‘Kattakurgan’, and ‘Thompson Seedless’, indicates that resistance should be introgressed from other cultivars such as American hybrids or wine grapes when these susceptible table grapes or their descendants are used in breeding anthracnose-resistant table grapes.

scholarly journals Frequency of fungicide-resistant Botrytis cinerea populations isolated from ‘Thompson Seedless’ table grapes in the Central Valley of Chile

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Esterio Grez ◽  
◽  
Charleen Copier ◽  
Andrea Román ◽  
María José Araneda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
Thompson Seedless ◽  
Table Grapes

scholarly journals Characterization of Botrytis cinerea Isolates Present in Thompson Seedless Table Grapes in the Central Valley of Chile

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 683-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Esterio ◽  
Gastón Muñoz ◽  
Cecilia Ramos ◽  
Gonzalo Cofré ◽  
Rodrigo Estévez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Thompson Seedless ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Wide Range

Botrytis cinerea isolates from flowers and berries of Vitis vinifera ‘Thompson seedless’ (grapevine) were characterized in terms of two transposable elements (TEs) Boty and Flipper, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), infection levels, and resistance to iprodione. The isolates were collected from grapevines under fungicide programs of variable numbers of iprodione applications, and replicated in three Chilean Central Valley locations. Recovery was repeated from clusters collected at four phenological stages. Highest infection levels were found at bloom. Fungicide programs including one iprodione application or a combination of other fungicides were most effective for reducing gray mold symptoms. A total of 457 isolates collected from fungicide programs including only one iprodione application, and the control program, were tested for the presence of TEs. In all locations and during all phenological stages, transposa isolates (containing both TEs) were most common, followed by Boty. Vacuma isolates (containing neither TE) were identified at very low levels in two locations and only in the control treatment, and isolates with only Flipper were not detected at any time or location. Vacuma and Boty isolates were all sensitive to iprodione, while transposa isolates showed a wide range of resistance. Based on response to iprodione, the presence of TEs, and presence of vegetative-incompatibility alleles (Bc-hch), the isolates studied belong to B. cinerea Group II, a phylogenetic species within B. cinerea. Hierarchical analysis of molecular variance and genetic diversity analyses of the RAPD genotypes showed a genetic differentiation linked to location, but it was not related to geographic distance. Moreover, a genetic differentiation related to the phenological stage of grapes was also detected.

scholarly journals First Report of Shoot Blight of Grapevine Caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Chile

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (10) ◽  
pp. 1122-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Latorre ◽  
M. J. Guerrero
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Distal Part ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Thompson Seedless ◽  
American Phytopathological Society ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Sterile Needle ◽  
Shoot Blight ◽  
White Mycelium

Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), cv. Red Globe, in Northern Chile was found with symptoms of shoot blight early in the spring. Symptoms consisted of elongated cankered lesions surrounded by water-soaked tissues that developed mainly at the base of new shoots. The distal part of the shoots withered. Symptoms were similar to the shoot blight caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers. early in the spring, except that superficial gray sporulation was always absent. Isolation on acidified potato dextrose agar (APDA) consistently yielded a fungus that produced white mycelium and black spherical to elongated sclerotia (2 to 10 mm in diameter); the fungus was identified as Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary (2). New shoots were inoculated by inserting a 4-mm plug of mycelium from actively growing cultures on APDA into a cut made at the base of each of five shoots per cultivar with a sterile scalpel. Inoculated wounds were sealed with Parafilm tape to avoid rapid dehydration. Inoculated plants and an equal number of wounded but not inoculated plants of each cultivar were left as controls and maintained in a screenhouse. Inoculations of grapevine cvs. Thompson Seedless, Flame Seedless, Red Globe, Ribier, and Chardonnay with S. sclerotiorum isolates SC-1, SC-2, and SC-3 and B. cinerea (isolate BC1-3 from grapevine) resulted after 7 days of incubation in canker lesions that were similar to those observed in the field. Cankers caused by S. sclerotiorum varied significantly (P < 0.05) in length from 13.3 to 28.7 mm on ‘Red Globe’, 5.3 to 20.7 mm on ‘Thompson Seedless’, 4.0 to 17.7 mm on ‘Flame Seedless’, 2.0 to 11.3 mm on ‘Ribier’, and 0.0 to 7.6 mm on ‘Chardonnay’. Mature berries of ‘Flame Seedless’ table grapes were surface-disinfected with 1% NaOCl for 1 min, punctured with a sterile needle, and inoculated with a mycelium plug. All S. sclerotiorum isolates and the B. cinerea isolate were pathogenic on mature berries, which developed a soft rot and superficial mycelium after 5 days of incubation at 25°C in humid chambers. Reisolations from diseased shoots and rotten berries were successfully performed on APDA. We concluded that S. sclerotiorum and B. cinerea could cause canker lesions on new shoots early in the spring. S. sclerotiorum has been previously associated with soft rotting of mature berries of grapes worldwide (1), but to our knowledge, this is the first confirmed report demonstrating that S. sclerotiorum can cause shoot blight. Considering that grapevines are cultivated on 2-m-high trellises in Chile, we speculate that wind disseminated ascospores may infect shoots. However, ascocarps have not yet been found in vineyards in Chile. References: (1) W. B. Hewitt. Berry rots and raisin molds. Pages 26–28 in: Compendium of Grape Diseases. R. C. Pearson and A. C. Goheen, eds. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 1994. (2) L. Kohn. Phytopathology 69:881, 1979.

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