scholarly journals First report on clover proliferation phytoplasma related strain associated with Matthiola incana floral virescence in Uttar Pradesh, India

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyam Panda ◽  
Jay Kumar Yadav ◽  
Sushil Kumar Singh ◽  
Amrita Nigam ◽  
Govind P Rao
Keyword(s):  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Related Strain ◽  
New Host ◽  
First Report ◽  
Matthiola Incana ◽  
Ctab Method ◽  
Pcr Assays ◽  
Nested Pcr Assays ◽  
Virtual Rflp

Matthiola incana R. Br. (Fam: Brassicaceae) is an ornamental, commonly known as hoary stock has an extremely fragrant flowers, which blooms in dense clusters in a large variety of colors. During a survey of flower nurseries in March 2019 at Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research campus, Lucknow, floral virescence (MiV) symptoms (Fig. 1 A, B) were observed in M. incana pots with an incidence of over 40%. Leaf yellows symptoms were also observed on a weed Acalypha indica (AiLY) in Matthiola nursery (Fig. 1 C). Nested PCR assays were carried out to detect and identify the possible association of phytoplasmas with MiV and AiLY symptoms. Three each of symptomatic MiV and AiLY samples and two non-symptomatic samples were collected and processed for DNA extraction from the leaf midrib by CTAB method. Hishimonus phycitis (HP) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) leafhopper feeding on MiV symptomatic plants was also collected and DNA was extracted. The DNA of 8 symptomatic and 4 non-symptomatic plants and from the 10 leafhopper was used as a template for PCR assays. Phytoplasma specific 16Sr RNA gene specific primers (P1/P7 and 3Far/3Rev; Schneider et al. 1995; Manimekalai et al. 2010) and multilocus genes’ specific primer pairs for secA (SecAfor1/SecArev3;SecAfo5r/SecARev2; Bekele et al. 2011), secY (SecYF1(VI)/SecYR1(VI);SecYF2(VI)/SecYR1(VI); Lee et al. 2010) and rp genes (rpFIC/rp(I)R1A; rp(VI)F2/ rp(VI)R2; Martini et al. 2007) were employed as previously described. Amplified products of ~1.3kb, ~600bp, ~1.7kb and ~1.0kb of 16S rRNA, secA, secY and rp genes of phytoplasma were consistently amplified in all the MiV and AiLY samples and in the HP leafhopper. No amplifications were achieved in any of the asymptomatic plant samples. Amplified products of all the four genes of MiV, AiLY and HP isolates were purified, sequenced and submitted in GenBank. Sequence comparison and phylogeny analysis of the sequences of the four genes of MiV, AiLY and HP isolates revealed 99% - 100% sequence identity and clustering with clover proliferation phytoplasma related strains (16SrVI group)(Fig.2 A,B,C and D). The virtual RFLP analysis of 17 restriction endonucleases corresponding to the 16S rDNA sequence of MiV, AiLY and HP phytoplasma strains by pDraw program, assigned them into a novel phytoplasma subgroup strain under 16SrVI group, since its HpaII restriction profile was different to earlier classified 16SrVI subgroups but was very close to16SrVI-E subgroup (GenBank acc. no. AY270156) (Fig 3). Earlier, peanut witches’ broom (16SrII-A) phytoplasma was identified associated with M. incana from Italy (Davino et al. 2007). However, the association of clover proliferation phytoplasma (16SrVI) related strain associated with virescence symptom of M. incana is the first report in world. The weed (A. indica) and HP leafhopper were also reported as additional hosts of 16SrVI subgroup related new strain in India, which needs further investigation. The report of a new host and new subgroup of clover proliferation phytoplasma related strain in India is having an epidemiological significance and warrants attention.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus and peanut witches’ broom phytoplasma associated with chickpea stunt disease and identification of new host crops and leafhopper vectors in India

3 Biotech ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Madem Gurivi Reddy ◽  
Virendra Kumar Baranwal ◽  
Doddachowdappa Sagar ◽  
Govind Pratap Rao
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Comparison ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
New Host ◽  
Severe Stunting ◽  
Virtual Rflp

AbstractAn investigation was carried out to identify and characterize the phytoplasma and viruses associated with the chickpea varieties showing severe stunting, leaf reddening, yellowing and phyllody symptoms during the summer season of 2018–2019 and 2019–2020 in eight states of India. The average disease incidence was recorded from 3 to 32% in different states. The presence of chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus (CpCDV) was confirmed in thirty-seven chickpea samples by amplification of CpCDV coat protein gene and sequence comparison analysis. No record of association of luteovirus, polerovirus and cucumovirus could be detected in any of the symptomatic chickpea samples by RT-PCR assay. Brassica nigra, B. juncea, Lens culinaris, two weeds (Heteropogan contartus, Aeschynomene virginica) and one leafhopper (Amarasca biguttula) were identified as new putative hosts for CpCDV. Association of peanut witches’ broom phytoplasma was confirmed in twenty-eight chickpea samples, Sesamum indicum, five weeds hosts and two leafhopper species (Exitianus indicus, Empoasca motti) using nested PCR assays with primer pairs P1/P7 and R16F2n/R16Rn. The results of phytoplasma association in plants and leafhopper samples were further validated by using five multilocus genes (secA, rp, imp, tuf and secY) specific primers. Sequence comparison, phylogenetic and virtual RFLP analysis of 16S rRNA gene and five multilocus genes confirmed the identity of association of 16SrII-C and 16SrII-D subgroups of phytoplasmas strain with chickpea samples collected from Andhra Pradesh (AP), Telangana, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and New Delhi. Mixed infection of phytoplasma (16SrII-D) and CpCDV was also detected in symptomatic chickpea samples from AP and Telangana. The reports of association of 16SrII-C subgroup phytoplasma in chickpea and 16SrII-D subgroup phytoplasma in C. sparsiflora and C. roseus are the new host records in world and from India, respectively.

scholarly journals ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma brasiliense’ (16SrXV-A Subgroup) Associated with Cauliflower Displaying Stunt Symptoms in Brazil

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Canale ◽  
I. P. Bedendo
Keyword(s):  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
New Host ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Virtual Rflp ◽  
In The Beginning

Cauliflower stunt, caused by a phytoplasma of the group 16SrIII-J, was reported in the beginning of 2012 and has occurred with high incidences of infected plants (up to 90%) in crops located in the state of São Paulo in the southeast region of Brazil (3). Diseased plants exhibit general stunting, malformation of inflorescence, reddening leaves, and vessel necrosis (3). Further investigations with plants displaying identical symptoms collected in Nova Bassano, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazilian south region, have revealed the presence of a phytoplasma distinct from 16SrIII-J subgroup. Four symptomatic plus four asymptomatic samples were assayed from a field, and the presence of phytoplasma was evidenced by nested PCR assays performed with primers P1/Tint followed by R16F2n/16R2 in three affected plants, which amplified genomic fragments of 1.2 kb from the 16S rRNA gene. No amplification occurred in non-affected samples. Nested PCR products analyzed by conventional RFLP (2) using the enzymes AluI, RsaI, KpnI, HpaII, MseI, HhaI, MboI, and BstUI pointed to the presence of a phytoplasma belonging to group 16SrXV-A in all three phytoplasma-positive samples. Virtual RFLP analysis based on restriction patterns, derived from in silico digestion with 17 endonucleases (4), confirmed the previous results obtained from those samples by conventional RFLP. The 16S rDNA sequences of this phytoplasma identified in cauliflower (GenBank Accession No. JN818845) shared 99% sequence similarity with the reference phytoplasma for subgroup 16SrXV-A (Hibiscus witches'-broom phytoplasma, AF147708), designated ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma brasiliense.’ Analysis of putative restriction sites showed excellent identity between the phytoplasma studied here and the reference phytoplasma. In addition, the arrangement of branches of a phylogenetic tree constructed with phytoplasmas representing diverse 16Sr groups and subgroups supported that the phytoplasma found in cauliflower is closed related to the representative of the subgroup 16SrXV-A. Association of distinct phytoplasmas with the same kind of disease is not rare and the present pathosystem constitutes a new example. Members of this subgroup have been described almost exclusively in Brazil and previously reported in Sida sp., periwinkle, and hibiscus (1). In some European countries, as well as in the United States and Canada, phytoplasmas belonging to group 16SrI has been associated with this type of disease, which has been reported for various species of the genus Brassica, as published in previous works (3). However, a representative of the group 16SrVI was described in infected plants in Iran (3). Although the 16SrIII-J phytoplasma is currently the most important agent of cauliflower stunt in Brazil, and members of 16SrI are prevalent in other countries, this study revealed that a 16Sr XV-A phytoplasma may be also associated with this important disease of brassicas. Besides, the findings here reported expand the natural host range, including cauliflower as new host for phytoplasmas affiliated with 16SrXV-A. References: (1) B. Eckstein et al. Plant Dis. 95:363, 2009. (2) I. M. Lee et al. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 48:1153, 1998. (3) M. C. C. Rappussi et al. Eur. J. Plant. Pathol. 133:829, 2012. (4) Wei et al. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 57:1855, 2007.

scholarly journals First Report of Spirea Witches'-Broom Disease in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 635-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gao ◽  
J. Wang ◽  
X. D. Li ◽  
X. P. Zhu ◽  
G. Z. Tian
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
16S Rdna ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Aster Yellows ◽  
First Report ◽  
Taxonomy Group ◽  
Ctab Method ◽  
Broom Disease ◽  
Intensive Investigation

Bumald spirea (Spiarea bumalda Burv.) is an important ornamental tree widely grown in northern China. In August of 2006, spirea plants exhibiting symptoms of witches'-broom, stunting, yellowing, and shoot dieback were found at an incidence of 5 to 15% in Qingzhou City, Shandong Province, China. Total DNA was extracted separately from 0.1 g of phloem tissue from leaf midribs and stems of six symptomatic and six asymptomatic plants with a modified cetyltriethylammonium bromide (CTAB) method (3). Resulting DNA samples were analyzed for phytoplasma DNA by a nested PCR assay using phytoplasma universal 16S rDNA gene primer pairs R16mF2/R16mR1 and R16F2n/R16R2 (2). These primers amplified 1.5- and 1.2-kb products, respectively, from DNA of all symptomatic plants only. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the 1.2-kb 16S rDNA product using enzymes AluI, MseI, and HhaI indicated that all symptomatic plants contained a group 16SrI (aster yellows group) subgroup B (16SrI-B) phytoplasma strain (4). A 16S rDNA sequence derived from this strain (GenBank Accession No. EF176608) was most similar (99.8 and 99.6%) to those of severe aster yellows (GenBank Accession No. M86340) and Maryland aster yellows (GenBank Accession No. AF322644) phytoplasmas, respectively, thereby confirming strain identity based on RFLP analysis. A phytoplasma (Spiarea stunt phytoplasma, GenBank Accession No. AF190228), which belongs to X-disease group (16SrIII), was reported to infect spirea and probably be lethal to S. tomentosa in New York (1,4). The phytoplasma reported here shared low identity (90.8%) with Spiarea stunt phytoplasma, but also caused dieback of spirea shoots. The epidemiology and economic impact of this disease need further intensive investigation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of spirea witches'-broom disease and of its association with a subgroup 16SrI-B phytoplasma in China. References: (1) H. M. Griffiths et al. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 16:255, 1994. (2) D. E. Gundersen and I.-M. Lee. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 35:144, 1996. (3) Y. Qi et al. Biotechnol. Bull. 4:44, 2004. (4) The IRPCM Phytoplasma/Spiroplasma Working Team-Phytoplasma Taxonomy Group. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 54:1243, 2004.

scholarly journals First Report of a 16SrV-C Phytoplasma Causing Little Leaf and Bunchy Top of Tossa Jute (Corchorus olitorius) in India

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Biswas ◽  
P. Dey ◽  
A. Bera ◽  
M. Kumar ◽  
S. Satpathy
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Consensus Sequence ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
South American ◽  
Corchorus Olitorius ◽  
First Report ◽  
Pcr Product ◽  
Ctab Method ◽  
Phytoplasma Infection ◽  
Total Dna

Jute is the most important phloem fiber crop of the world, and is mainly grown in the South East Asian countries of India, Bangladesh, Nepal, China, Indonesia, Thailand, and Myanmar, and few South American countries. The fiber is used in making sacks, ropes, bags, carpets, shoes, geo-textiles, and home decorations. There are two kinds of jute: tossa jute (Corchorus olitorius L.) and white jute (C. capsularis). In June 2012, symptoms suggestive of phytoplasma infection (little leaf and bunchy top) were noticed on tossa jute in different experimental fields of the CRIJAF research farm, Barrackpore, India, and the incidence of the disease varied from 5 to 20%. The infected plants showed profuse lateral branching with a bushy appearance. In many plants, branching at the apical portion developed a bunchy top symptom with tufts of smaller leaves. Leafy stem was also common in many plants with main stems covered with numerous little leaves. Total DNA was extracted from leaf midveins of 15 symptomatic and 5 asymptomatic plants by using an improved salt concentration and simple sodium acetate CTAB method (1). PCR was carried out with universal P1/P7 primer set followed by nested primer pair R16F2n/R16R2 (3), resulting in DNA amplicons that were 1.8 kb and 1.2 kb, respectively, in all symptomatic samples tested. Phytoplasma was not detected in symptomless samples. The five purified nested products were cloned in a pGEM-T Easy vector (Promega) and sequenced. One of the sequences that proved to be identical was deposited in GenBank (Accession No. KF501045). The consensus sequence was analyzed by NCBI BLAST and found to share 99% similarity with the 16Sr DNA sequence of the alder yellows phytoplasma reference strain (GenBank Accession No. AY028789), which belongs to the 16SrV group. The phylogenetic tree based on the 16SrDNA sequence of phytoplasmas belonging to group 16SrV and other distinct phytoplasma groups also showed that the phytoplasma clustered with members of subgroup 16SrV (4). Subsequently, in silico RFLP analysis of the nested PCR product with the pDRAW32 program using AluI and TruI restriction site used for 16SrV subgroups A, B, C, D, and E indicated that the 16SrV Corchorus strain belonged to subgroup C. RFLP patterns from all symptomatic C. olitorius samples were identical to the 16SrV-C pattern (2). The vector species transmitting the concerned phytoplasma in C. olitorius still needs to be identified. The leaf hopper, Amrasca biguttula biguttula, may be a potential vector as it is often noticed in jute fields. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of 16SrV-C phytoplasma associated with tossa jute (C. olitorius) in India. Initiative has to be taken to manage this disease; otherwise, branching of the main stems would badly affect the fiber quality as well as yield. References: (1) C. Biswas et al. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 56:105, 2012. (2) B. Duduk et al. J. Phytopathology 152:575, 2004. (3) I. M. Lee et al. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 54:337, 2004. (4) N. Saitou and M. Nei. Mol. Biol. Evol. 4:406, 1987.

scholarly journals First Report of Paulownia Witches'-Broom Phytoplasma in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (7) ◽  
pp. 1134-1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. N. Yue ◽  
Y. F. Wu ◽  
Y. Z. Shi ◽  
K. K. Wu ◽  
Y. R. Li
Keyword(s):  
16S Rdna ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
First Report ◽  
Ctab Method ◽  
Phytoplasma Infection ◽  
Total Dna

Paulownia witches'-broom (PaWB) is one of the most important diseases affecting Paulownia tomentosa trees in China. According to 2006 statistics, the disease has affected 880,000 ha of trees for timber production causing billions of dollars in economic losses. During the spring and summer of 2006, a survey was done in Shaanxi Province to confirm phytoplasma infection of paulownia trees exhibiting symptoms of witches'-broom, stunting, yellowing, and proliferating secondary shoots. Foliage samples were collected from 24 symptomatic and 8 symptomless paulownia plants in eight different production fields. Total DNA was extracted from 0.5 g of leaf midrib and stem phloem tissue with a modified cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide (CTAB) method (3). Resulting DNA extracts were analyzed by a nested PCR assay using phytoplasma 16S rRNA gene primer pairs R16mF2/R16mR1 followed by R16F2n/ R16R2 (1), which amplified a 1.4-kb and a 1.2-kb product, respectively, from symptomatic plants. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the nested 1.2-kb 16S rDNA products with AluI, MseI, HhaI, HpaI, RsaI, BfaI, HinfI, and TaqI endonuclease (2) indicated that all symptomatic plants were infected by a phytoplasma belonging to aster yellows group (16SrI) subgroup D (16SrI-D) phytoplasma strains. A 1.2-kb 16S rDNA sequence (GenBank Accession No. DQ851169) derived from representative strain PaWB-Shaanxi was identical (100%) to that of PaWB phytoplasma (L27033), a known subgroup 16SrI-D strain from Taiwan (2). The agreement between the RFLP analysis and sequence data confirms that PaWB from Shaanxi is a member of subgroup 16SrI-D. To our knowledge, this is the first report of PaWB disease being present in China and of its association with the 16SrI-D subgroup. References: (1) D. E. Gundersen and I.-M. Lee. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 35:144, 1996. (2) I.-M. Lee et al. Inst. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 48:1153, 1998. (3) Y. Qi et al. Biotechnol. Bull. 4:44, 2004.

scholarly journals First Report of Phytoplasmas Groups 16SrI and 16SrXV in Crotalaria juncea in Brazil

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (7) ◽  
pp. 990-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. F. Bianco ◽  
E. C. Martins ◽  
R. S. Toloy ◽  
D. A. B. Coletti ◽  
D. C. Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
New Host ◽  
Crotalaria Juncea ◽  
First Report ◽  
Tropical Plant ◽  
Leaf Yellowing ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Sunn Hemp ◽  
Low Incidence

Sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L., Fabaceae) is widely used as a cover crop in sugar cane and citrus plantations in Brazil. C. juncea has been reported in São Paulo State (SPS) by Wulff et al. (3) as a host of the phytoplasma associated with symptoms of huanglongbing (HLB) in citrus, a member of group 16SrIX, that induces witches'-broom in sunn hemp (3). In studying the distribution of group 16SrIX phytoplasma in C. juncea in SPS, we identified this species as a new host of two phytoplasmas. Sunn hemp fields were inspected for symptoms usually associated with phytoplasma infections, such as leaf yellowing, shoot proliferation, witches'-brooms, and virescence. Ninety-nine plant samples were collected and DNA was extracted with the CTAB protocol from stems. Nested PCR was carried out with primers P1/P7, followed by amplification with primers fU3/rU5 (2), both sets being universal for phytoplasma. Asymptomatic sunn hemp samples were used as negative controls and were negative in PCR reactions. PCR products were directly sequenced with primers P1/P7 and fU3/rU5 and phytoplasma identification was conducted with BLASTn and in silico RFLP analysis for delineation of subgroups (4). Plants showing leaf yellowing (three plants; Catanduva County), shoot proliferation (one plant; Ibirá County), or witches'-brooms (one plant; Promissão County) symptoms were found to be infected with the 16SrI phytoplasma group, subgroup S. The 16S rDNA sequence (GenBank Accession No. KF878383) showed 99% identity (E value 0.0) with Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris, Onion yellows phytoplasma OY-M (AP006628), Mulberry yellow dwarf phytoplasma (GQ249410), and Ash witches'-broom phytoplasma (AY566302), among other phytoplasmas from the same group. Sunn hemp plants with shoot proliferation (three plants) carried the 16SrXV phytoplasma group, subgroup A, found in Ibirá (two plants) and Catanduva (one plant) counties, SPS. This sequence (GenBank Accession No. KF878382) displayed 99% identity (E value 0.0) with Ca. P. brasiliense, Hibiscus witches'-broom phytoplasma (AF147708), Guazuma ulmifolia witches'-broom phytoplasma (HQ258882, HQ258883), and Cauliflower stunt phytoplasma (JN818845). Both phytoplasma groups described in this report, 16SrI and 16SrXV, were collected in May 2010 and both have limited geographic distribution and occurred at low incidence. Phytoplasma of group 16SrI (Ca. P. asteris) was identified in C. spectabilis in India (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of phytoplasmas groups 16SrI and 16SrXV in sunn hemp. References: (1) S. Kumar et al. Plant Dis. 94:1265, 2010. (2) E. Seemüller et al. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 44:440, 1994. (3) N. A. Wulff et al. Tropical Plant Pathol. 34:S7, 2009. (4) Y. Zhao et al. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 59:2582, 2009.

Identification by computer-simulated RFLP of phytoplasmas associated with eggplant giant calyx representative of two subgroups, a lineage of 16SrIII-J and the new subgroup 16SrIII-U

2011 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 1454-1461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula de Oliveira Amaral Mello ◽  
Bárbara Eckstein ◽  
Daniela Flores ◽  
Patrícia Fabretti Kreyci ◽  
Ivan Paulo Bedendo
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Disease Group ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
New Host ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Virtual Rflp

Symptoms resembling giant calyx, a graft-transmissible disease, were observed on 1–5 % of eggplant (aubergine; Solanum melongena L.) plants in production fields in Sao Paulo state, Brazil. Phytoplasmas were detected in 12 of 12 samples from symptomatic plants that were analysed by a nested PCR assay employing 16S rRNA gene primers R16mF2/R16mR1 followed by R16F2n/R16R2. RFLP analysis of the resulting rRNA gene products (1.2 kb) indicated that all plants contained similar phytoplasmas, each closely resembling strains previously classified as members of RFLP group 16SrIII (X-disease group). Virtual RFLP and phylogenetic analyses of sequences derived from PCR products identified phytoplasmas infecting eggplant crops grown in Piracicaba as a lineage of the subgroup 16SrIII-J, whereas phytoplasmas detected in plants grown in Bragança Paulista were tentatively classified as members of a novel subgroup 16SrIII-U. These findings confirm eggplant as a new host of group 16SrIII-J phytoplasmas and extend the known diversity of strains belonging to this group in Brazil.

scholarly journals Multilocus gene analysis reveals the presence of two phytoplasma groups in Impatiens balsamina showing flat stem and phyllody

3 Biotech ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyam Panda ◽  
Amrita Nigam ◽  
G. P. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequences ◽  
Pairwise Sequence Comparison ◽  
Impatiens Balsamina ◽  
The World ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Virtual Rflp ◽  
Ornamental Species

AbstractRose balsam (Impatiens balsamina) is an important ornamental species grown worldwide for its attractive flowers and also having medicinal properties. Flat stem, little leaf, and phyllody symptoms were observed in I. balsamina nurseries in Uttar Pradesh and Tripura states of India during surveys from 2018 to 2020, with an incidence from 6 to 27%. Amplicons of ~ 1.2 kb were amplified in all the tested symptomatic samples of I. balsamina using universal phytoplasma primer pairs from different surveyed locations, but not from the asymptomatic plants. Pairwise sequence comparison, phylogeny, and virtual RFLP analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences identified the phytoplasmas as 16SrI-B subgroup strain from Tripura (Lembucherra) and 16SrII-D subgroup strain from Uttar Pradesh (Gorakhpur and Faizabad). Phytoplasma presence and identity was further confirmed by amplifying secA, rp, secY, and tuf genes. This is the first report of 16SrI-B and 16SrII-D phytoplasmas detection in I. balsamina in the world.

scholarly journals First report of Mazocroeoides georgei price, 1936 and Mazocraeoides opisthonema Hargis, 1955 in Brazil with new synonysms (Monogenea, Mazocraeidae)

1988 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kohn ◽  
Cláudia Portes Santos
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
New Host ◽  
First Report ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
First Time ◽  
New Host Records ◽  
Janeiro State

Mazocraeoides georgei price, 1936 and mazocraeoides opisthonema Hargis, 1955 are reported for the first time in Brazil in Brevoortia aurea (Spix, 1829) and in Harengula clupeola (Cuvier, 1829) respectively, clupeid fishes from the littoral of Rio de janeiro State, which represent new host records. Mazocraeoides olentangiensis Sroufe, 1958 and mazocraeoides hargisi Price, 1961 are considered new synonyms for Mazocraeoides georgei.

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