scholarly journals Resistance to Puccinia polysora in Maize Accessions

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (11) ◽  
pp. 1489-1495 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Alicia Chávez-Medina ◽  
Norma E. Leyva-López ◽  
Jerald K. Pataky
Keyword(s):  
Specific Resistance ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
Hypersensitive Reaction ◽  
Slow Rusting ◽  
Puccinia Polysora ◽  
Incomplete Resistance ◽  
Maize Resistance ◽  
Resistant Progeny

A number of potential sources of general and specific resistance to southern corn rust were identified from 1,890 plant introduction accessions that were screened for reactions to Puccinia polysora race 9. Resistance appeared to differ among four accessions on which uredinia were not observed in initial screenings. Resistance to P. polysora in PI 186215 (Argentine inbred 2-687) was a chlorotic fleck, hypersensitive reaction that was conditioned by a single, dominant gene that was allelic with or very closely linked to the Rpp9 gene based on tests of allelism. All but 3 of 2,357 testcross progeny, (inbred 2-687 × Rpp9) × PS were resistant. Resistance in Ames 19016 (Va59) was effective in F1 progeny and appeared to be dominant and simply inherited; however, this resistance appeared to be a slow-rusting or incomplete resistance that was effective in adult plants but not in young seedlings. Severity of southern rust was less than 10% on resistant progeny from crosses with Va59 compared with severity exceeding 70% on susceptible progeny. Resistance in plant introduction (PI) 186209 (Venezuelan flint) and NSL 75976 (IA DS61) were not effective in F1 hybrid combination and, thus, probably have limited value in commercial maize. Resistance in PI 186209 may be conditioned by a single recessive gene and resistance in NSL 75976 may be co-dominant.

scholarly journals INHERITANCE OF FERTILITY RESTORATION INVOLVING WILD ABORTIVE CYTOPLASMIC MALE STERILITY SYSTEM IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
M. J. Hasan ◽  
M. U. Kulsum ◽  
A. Ansari ◽  
A. K. Paul ◽  
P. L. Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Male Sterile Line

Inheritance of fertility restoration was studied in crosses involving ten elite restorer lines of rice viz. BR6839-41-5-1R, BR7013-62-1-1R, BR7011-37-1-2R, BR10R, BR11R, BR12R, BR13R, BR14R, BR15R and BR16R and one male sterile line Jin23A with WA sources of cytoplasmic male sterility. The segregation pattern for pollen fertility of F2 and BC1 populations of crosses involving Jin23A indicated the presence of two independent dominant fertility restoring genes. The mode of action of the two genes varied in different crosses revealing three types of interaction, i.e. epistasis with dominant gene action, epistasis with recessive gene action, and epistasis with incomplete dominance.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v24i1.16997

scholarly journals Genetics of Height and Branching in Faba Bean (Vicia faba)

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1191
Author(s):  
Jessa Hughes ◽  
Hamid Khazaei ◽  
Albert Vandenberg
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Dwarf Gene ◽  
Genetic Source

A better understanding of the genetics of plant architecture, including height and branching, could improve faba bean breeding for varieties with better fit into specific cropping systems. This study aimed to determine the inheritance and genetic interactions of the sources of the dwarf gene (dwf1) and semi-dwarf gene (dwarf1), and to investigate the genetics of branching in the faba bean. We chose inbred lines IG 12658 (dwarf, carrying dwf1) and Rinrei (semi-dwarf, carrying dwarf1) along with Aurora/2 and IG 114476 as sources of non-dwarf faba bean genotypes and crossed them (Aurora/2 × IG 12658, IG 114476 × IG 12658, Rinrei × IG 12658, IG 114476 × Rinrei, and Rinrei × Aurora/2). IG 114476 was also used as a genetic source of a highly branching phenotype and crossed with IG 12658, Rinrei, and Aurora/2 to study the genetics of branching. Parental lines, F1s, and F2 populations were evaluated under growth chamber and field conditions in 2018. The segregating F2 populations were tested for 3:1 single recessive gene inheritance using Chi-square tests. Both dwarfing/semi-dwarfing genes fit 3:1 recessive, and 15:1 for double recessive. Rinrei was not a true dwarf, and the gene creating the dwarf appearance reduced the initial growth rate, but this corrected over time. Multiple F2 populations were also tested for a 3:1 single dominant gene hypothesis for highly branched phenotypes. These populations showed a bell-shaped phenotypic distribution for branch number, with no discernable classes, and revealed that branching was likely quantitatively controlled. In conclusion, dwarfism and branching in faba bean were controlled qualitatively and quantitatively, respectively.

scholarly journals GENE ACTION OF AGRONOMIC TRAITS IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.)

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
P. S. Biswas ◽  
M. Enamul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Gene Action ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Thousand Grain Weight ◽  
Dominance Model ◽  
Partial Dominance ◽  
Days To Heading

Six parent diallel cross without reciprocal was studied to investigate the genetic behavior of different agronomic traits in rice. The analysis of Wr-Vr graph showed that panicle length, thousand grain weight and grain yield per plant did not follow the additive-dominance model indicating epistatic gene action responsible for the expression of these traits. All other traits under the study were conditioned by overdominance gene action except grains per panicle, which was controlled by partial dominance. The Yr? – (Vr + Wr)? graph revealed random distribution of dominant and recessive gene in expressing different traits in different parent, while correlation between parental mean and parental order of dominance indicated increasing effect of dominant gene for all the traits except days to heading and % spikelet sterility.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v20i2.17033

scholarly journals Recessive Genes for Resistance to Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei in Barley

1999 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianming Chen ◽  
Roland F. Line
Keyword(s):  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Gene Interactions ◽  
Host Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Recessive Genes ◽  
Seedling Leaf ◽  
Resistant Genotypes ◽  
Barley Genotypes

Barley genotypes Abyssinian 14, BBA 2890, Grannelose Zweizeilige, PI 548708, PI 548734, PI 548747, and Stauffers Obersulzer are resistant to all races of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei identified thus far in North America. Astrix, BBA 809, Bigo, Cambrinus, Emir, Heils Franken, Hiproly, I5, Mazurka, Trumpf, and Varunda have specific resistance to certain races, whereas Topper and Steptoe are susceptible to all races. Seedlings of parents and F1, F2, and F3 progeny from crosses of resistant genotypes with Topper and Steptoe were tested for resistance to North American P. striiformis f. sp. hordei races PSH-1, PSH-4, PSH-10, PSH-13, and PSH-20. When tested with PSH-1, one recessive gene was detected in BBA 809, BBA 2890, Bigo, Hiproly, and Grannelose Zweizeilige; two recessive genes were detected in Emir, I5, PI 548708, PI 548734, PI 548747, Varunda, and Astrix; and one dominant gene and one recessive gene were detected in Abyssinian 14 and Stauffers Obersulzer. In tests with PSH-4, one recessive gene was detected in BBA 809, two recessive genes were detected in Trumpf, and two partially recessive genes were detected in Astrix. In tests with PSH-13, one recessive gene was detected in BBA 2890, Grannelose Zweizeilige, I5, and PI 548708 and two recessive genes were detected in Abyssinian 14, Hiproly, PI 548734, and PI 548747. In tests with PSH-20, one recessive gene was detected in Bigo and a recessive gene and a dominant gene were detected in Heils Franken. A gene in Cambrinus for resistance to PSH-10 and a gene in Mazurka for resistance to PSH-20 were dominant on the basis of the response of the first seedling leaf but recessive on the basis of the response of the second leaf. Four different types of epistasis were detected. Information on the number of genes, mode of inheritance, and nonallelic gene interactions should be useful in understanding the host-pathogen interaction and in breeding barley for resistance to stripe rust.

STEM-TIP NECROSIS: A HYPERSENSITIVE, TEMPERATURE DEPENDENT DOMINANT GENE REACTION OF SOYBEAN TO INFECTION BY SOYBEAN MOSAIC VIRUS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 661-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. TU ◽  
R. I. BUZZELL
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Soybean Mosaic Virus ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Particle Morphology ◽  
Hypersensitive Reaction ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Differential Host ◽  
Glycine Max L

A stem tip necrosis (STN) disease observed in the soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivar Columbia and some of its progeny was studied as to causal agent and the genetic basis for the STN reaction. A virus was isolated which is similar to the ATCC type strain of soybean mosaic virus (SMV), based on the particle morphology and differential host series. Harosoy, although susceptible to SMV, does not develop STN. A line (0X686) pure-breeding for STN was derived from an F2 plant of Columbia × Harosoy. When seedlings of 0X686 were inoculated with SMV they developed typical STN. In the backcross of 0X686 to Harosoy, the BC1F2 progeny segregated in a ratio of 3 STN:1 normal in both the cross and the reciprocal indicating the effect of a nuclear-inherited, dominant gene. This gene appears to be a gene for resistance which results in a severe hypersensitive reaction of the stem tip to systemic SMV. The development of STN in 0X686 was shown to be temperature dependent. At 20 and 24 °C, the majority of the inoculated plants developed STN. At 28 and 32 °C, nearly all the inoculated plants developed typical mosaic symptoms but few had STN.Key words: Soybean, soybean mosaic virus, tip necrosis, hypersensitivity, temperature-dependent, dominant gene

scholarly journals Effect of Leaf Rust on Grain Yield and Yield Traits of Durum Wheats with Race-Specific and Slow-Rusting Resistance to Leaf Rust

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (8) ◽  
pp. 1065-1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Herrera-Foessel ◽  
R. P. Singh ◽  
J. Huerta-Espino ◽  
J. Crossa ◽  
J. Yuen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Yield Traits ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Slow Rusting ◽  
Wheat Lines

Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina, is an important disease of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum) in many countries. We compared the effectiveness of different types of resistance in International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center-derived durum wheat germ plasm for protecting grain yield and yield traits. In all, 10 durum wheat lines with race-specific resistance, 18 with slow-rusting resistance, and 2 susceptible were included in two yield loss trials sown on different planting dates in Mexico with and without fungicide protection under high disease pressure. Eight genotypes with race-specific resistance were immune to leaf rust. Durum wheat lines with slow-rusting resistance displayed a range of severity responses indicating phenotypic diversity. Mean yield losses for susceptible, race-specific, and slow-rusting genotypes were 51, 5, and 26%, respectively, in the normal sowing date trial and 71, 11, and 44% when sown late. Yield losses were associated mainly with a reduction in biomass, harvest index, and kernels per square meter. Slow-rusting durum wheat lines with low disease levels and low yield losses, as well as genotypes with low yield losses despite moderate disease levels, were identified. Such genotypes can be used for breeding durum wheat genotypes with higher levels of resistance and negligible yield losses by using strategies that previously have been shown to be successful in bread wheat.

Glutathione concentrations in the red cells of Merino sheep

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 401-403
Author(s):  
M. De La Haba ◽  
A Moreno ◽  
D. Llanes ◽  
E. M. Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Bimodal Distribution ◽  
Similar Type ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Apparent Discrepancy ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Cysteine Synthetase ◽  
Australian Merino

Tasmanian Merino sheep show a bimodal distribution in the concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH) in their red cells, 40% of sheep having GSH values of around 27 mg GSH/100 ml red cells and 60% with values of about 92 mg GSH/100 ml red cells (Tucker & Kilgour, 1972). The GSH deficiency was shown to be due to an impaired activity of γ-glutamyl cysteine synthetase (γ-GC-S), the enzyme catalysing the first step of GSH biosynthesis (Tucker, Kilgour & Young, 1976). Family data indicated that the deficiency in this strain of Merinos was under the control of a dominant gene, designated GSHL (Tucker et al. 1976). In contrast, Board, Roberts & Evans (1974) reported that a similar type of GSH deficiency in Australian Merino sheep was under the control of a recessive gene. The reasons for this apparent discrepancy remain unresolved.

Culture of an organophosphorus-resistant strain ofBoophilus microplus(Can.) and an assessment of its resistance spectrum

1966 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Organophosphorus Insecticides ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Low Order

Field observations indicated that a strain ofBoophilus microplus(Can.) in the Rockhampton area in Queensland was resistant to an organophosphorus insecticide, dioxathion (applied as Delnav), which had previously controlled it successfully. Ticks of this strain were despatched to the Cooper Technical Bureau in England, where a culture was established and maintained under selective pressure from dioxathion.The non-parasitic stages of the culture were maintained in an incubator under controlled conditions, and the parasitic stages on cattle in a tick rearing house designed for the purpose. Careful security precautions were taken to ensure that there was no dissemination of tick life outside the confines of the culture. The tick rearing house was provided with double doors, the inner ones of which were screened with copper gauze to prevent the possible transmission of anaplasmosis by biting flies.The activities of 23 insecticides against larvae of this strain and larvae of a strain ofB. microplussusceptible to organophosphorus poisoning were compared. The test method was an immersion technique, usually employing the insecticide in the form of an emulsion. Mortality was assessed 17 hours after treatment. These comparisons indicated that the strain was resistant to the organophosphorus insecticides carbophenothion (62 ×), dioxathion (25 ×), diazinon (15 ×), parathion (10×) and a carbamate, carbaryl (38×). It is suggested that these resistances may be due to a specific mechanism effective against these compounds.Nine other organophosphorus insecticides, one carbamate and rotenone were subject to low-order resistance by this strain significant at P ≤0·05. This was considered to be non-specific resistance.Dioxathion had been in use for tick control on the property concerned for four years before resistance was demonstrated. The property is situated in an area where the tick season lasts for ten months. In other parts of the world, dioxathion has been in use againstBoophilusticks for seven years without the development of resistance to it. The length of time resistance has taken to develop suggests that the resistance mechanism is not the expression of a single dominant gene, as has been demonstrated for dieldrin-resistance.The results suggest that resistance to one or more organophosphorus insecticides will not necessarily prevent the use of other members of this wide and diverse group for tick control. Several of the insecticides shown here to be subject to low-order non-specific resistance are known to be effective tick dips, and one of them, ethion, has been used with success against the resistant strain.An interesting corollary of the results was that the organophosphorus thions showed greater activity than their corresponding oxons against the susceptible strain.

scholarly journals Evidence for a Second RKN Resistance Gene in Peanut

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.D. Branch ◽  
T.B. Brenneman ◽  
J.P. Noe
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Model ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Vicia Villosa ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Very High

ABSTRACT Root-knot nematode (RKN), [Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal) Chitwood race 1] can result in highly significant yield losses in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production. Fortunately, very high levels of RKN nematode resistance have been identified and incorporated from wild species into newly developed peanut cultivars. In 2011-12 at Tifton, GA, a field site was artificially inoculated with M. arenaria race 1. A susceptible cultivar was used to uniformly increase the peanut-specific race 1 nematode population during the summer and fall; whereas, hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) was used for the same purpose each winter as a susceptible cover crop. During 2013 and 2014, space-planted F2 and F3 populations from cross combinations involving A. hypogaea susceptible × resistant parental lines derived from ‘COAN’ were evaluated, respectively. Several past inheritance studies had suggested a single dominant gene, Rma, controlled the resistance. However in this study, the occurrence of a second recessive gene (rma2) was also found to be involved in very high peanut RKN resistance. Inheritance data fit a 13:3 genetic model and confirmed an earlier report for two RKN-resistance genes (Rma1 and rma2) found in TxAG-6 and now COAN.

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