scholarly journals Crown Rot of Zucchini Squash Caused by Fusarium solani f. sp. cucurbitae in Almería Province, Spain

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (7) ◽  
pp. 1137-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Gómez ◽  
J. M. Guerra-Sanz ◽  
M. C. Sánchez-Guerrero ◽  
Y. Serrano ◽  
J. M. Melero-Vara
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
State University ◽  
Pennsylvania State University ◽  
Its1 Region ◽  
5.8S Rdna ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Petri Plate ◽  
The One

Cucumber, melon, watermelon, and zucchini are intensively cropped in the southern part of Spain where approximately 20,000 ha of the crops are grown in greenhouses. In the spring of 2007, zucchini plants (Cucurbita pepo) at the fruit-bearing stage in three commercial plastichouses in Almería exhibited necrosis on the basal stem, wilt, and death. The incidence of dead plants was 20 to 30%. Fusarium solani was consistently isolated from the basal stems of symptomatic plants on potato dextrose agar (PDA). Cultures of six single-hyphal transfers were identified on the basis of molecular sequences and morphological characteristics (2). Sequences of ribosomal DNA from ITS1 region, 5.8S rDNA, and ITS2 were identical for all six isolates of F. solani. The rDNA sequence of isolate Fscl-3 of F. solani was deposited as GenBank Accession No. AM940070. The pathogenicity of these six isolates of F. solani was tested in two experiments conducted in one plastichouse in Almería. Pregerminated seeds of zucchini cv. Consul were sown in 1-liter containers filled with vermiculite on 21 May and 22 June, 2007 (experiments 1 and 2, respectively). Plants at the one- to two-true-leaf stage or younger were inoculated with a soil drench of 2.0 to 8.4 × 105 propagules per ml). One colonized PDA petri plate of each isolate was blended and homogenized in 500 ml of distilled water. Inoculum (50 ml per plant) was poured around the stem of zucchini plants growing in vermiculite. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replicates with each plot comprising four plants (one plant per container). In both experiments, 12 uninoculated plants of the same cultivar served as controls. Plants were maintained for 1 month following inoculation in a greenhouse with mean temperatures ranging between 20.7 and 24.6°C and 23.3 to 29.8°C for experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Wilting first occurred 9 days after inoculation, and 14 days later, all plants inoculated with the F. solani isolates died. Inoculated plants exhibited lesions on the stem base without rot of secondary roots. At the end of the experiment, the uninoculated plants remained asymptomatic. Results of experiment 2, with higher temperatures, were similar. The pathogen was consistently recovered from symptomatic plants in both experiments, fulfilling Koch's postulates. Although F. solani f. sp. cucurbitae race 1 was reported in field squash (C. maxima) in the province of Valencia of east-central Spain (1), to our knowledge, this is the first report of F. solani as the causal agent of crown rot of zucchini plants in plastichouses in the Almería Province of Spain, one of the world's largest concentrations of greenhouses. References: (1) J. García-Jiménez et al. Plant Dis. 81:1216, 1997. (2) C. M. Messiaen and R. Cassini. Taxonomy of Fusarium. Page 427 in: Fusarium: Diseases, Biology, and Taxonomy. P. E. Nelson et al., eds. Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 1981.

scholarly journals Crown and Root Infection of Lisianthus Caused by Fusarium solani in South Africa

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 573-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Truter ◽  
F. C. Wehner
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Hypodermic Needle ◽  
State University ◽  
Root Infection ◽  
Gauteng Province ◽  
Eustoma Grandiflorum ◽  
A Minor

Cultivation of lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn.) is a minor industry in South Africa, with only a few growers producing the crop commercially. Commercial production at a location in Gauteng Province is hampered by rotting of the crowns and roots of plants that result in mortality of as much as 22% of the plants. At advanced stages of infection, the crowns of affected plants characteristically are covered with masses of fusoid, curved hyalophragmospores. Crowns and roots of symptomatic plants that were submitted by the grower in January 2003 were surface disinfested by immersing for 2 min in a 3% solution of sodium hypochlorite, and segments excised from the plant tissue were plated on potato dextrose agar supplemented with 50 mg l-1 of rifampicin. Fusarium solani (Mart.) Appel & Wollenw. (1), was consistently and exclusively isolated from the segments. Teleomorph Nectria haematococca Berk. & Broome, commonly developed in culture after incubation for 4 to 6 weeks, although no sexual structures were observed on infected plants. A spore suspension containing 104 micro- and macroconidia ml-1 was prepared for each of two single-conidial isolates of F. solani. Using a 0.8-mm-diameter hypodermic needle, 100 μl of each suspension was injected subepi-dermally into the crown of each of three 1-month-old disease-free lisian-thus plantlets (cv. Texas Blue Bell) growing in 500-ml plastic pots filled with sterilized vermiculite. In addition, each suspension was incorporated at 2% (vol/vol) into three pots with sterile vermiculite, and a plantlet was planted in each pot. Control plantlets were treated similarly, but with sterile distilled water. All inoculated plantlets developed crown rot and wilted within 2 weeks while maintained at 28°C in a greenhouse, regardless of mode of inoculation, and F. solani was readily reisolated from their crowns and roots. Control plantlets remained symptomless and did not yield F. solani. Crown and root infection of lisianthus by F. solani has been described (2,3), but to our knowledge, this is the first report of the disease in South Africa. References: (1) P. E. Nelson et al. Fusarium species: An Illustrated Manual for Identification. Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park. 1983. (2) J. J. Taubenhaus and W. N. Ezekiel. Phytopathology 24:19, 1934. (3) S. Wolcan et al. Plant Dis. 85:443, 2001.

scholarly journals Detection of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis Race 1 in Soil in Colima State, Mexico

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (12) ◽  
pp. 1383-1383 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. de Cara ◽  
E. J. Fernández ◽  
R. Blanco ◽  
J. C. Tello Marquina ◽  
F. J. Estrada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
State University ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Pennsylvania State University ◽  
Differential Cultivars ◽  
Race 1

During the winters of 2002 and 2003, a wilt occurred in melons cultivated on 1,500 ha in Colima State, Mexico. Yield losses reached 25% of final production, despite soil disinfestation with 60% methyl bromide and 40% chloropicrin. On the basis of the observation of plants with necrotic xylem, yellowing, and wilting of leaves, this disease was identified provisionally as Fusarium wilt. During February 2003, four soil samples from affected fields were plated onto a Fusarium-selective medium (1), which resulted in the detection of 2,260 ± 357, 179 ± 76, 668 ± 357, and 1,391 ± 256 CFU/g of F. oxysporum (3). Thirty-one randomly chosen isolates were used to inoculate differential cultivars of melon as described by Risser et al. (4). The cultivars were Amarillo Canario (susceptible to all races), Diana (resistant to races 0 and 2), Tango (resistant to races 0 and 1), and Vulcano (resistant to races 0, 1, and 2) (2). Ten plants of each cultivar, grown on sterilized vermiculite, were inoculated at the first true-leaf stage by drenching with 200 ml of a conidial suspension (1 × 105 CFU/ml) of each isolate. Noninoculated plants of each cultivar served as controls. Plants were maintained in a growth chamber with a 16-h photoperiod (18 × 103 lux) and temperatures at 23 to 25°C. Yellowing, wilt, and vascular discoloration symptoms developed on cvs. Amarillo Canario and Diana following inoculation with each of the 31 isolates, while noninoculated plants remained symptomless. F. oxysporum was consistently reisolated on potato dextrose agar from the affected plants. On the basis of the combination of affected cultivars, all isolates were identified as F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis race 1. To our knowledge, this is the first report of F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis race 1 in Colima State, Mexico. References: (1) H. Komada. Rev. Plant Prot. Res. 8:114, 1975. (2) J. Marín Rodríquez. Portagrano 2004. Vadmecum de Variedades Hortícolas. Agrobook, Spain. 2004. (3) P. E. Nelson et al. Fusarium Species: An Illustrated Manual for Identification. Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, 1983. (4) G. Risser et al. Phytopathology 66:1105, 1976.

Robert the Devil: The First Modern English Translation of Robert le Diable, an Anonymous French Romance of the Thirteenth Century. Prepared by Samuel N. Rosenberg. University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2018, 157 pp., 1 frontispiece.

Mediaevistik ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 477-478
Author(s):  
Albrecht Classen
Keyword(s):  
French Text ◽  
Middle English ◽  
English Translation ◽  
Old French ◽  
Poor Woman ◽  
State University ◽  
Pennsylvania State University ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The One ◽  
The Devil

Quite commonly, medieval poets deal with a royal couple that seems to be infertile, when suddenly the wife becomes pregnant after all. But where and when would the devil be the one who creates this miracle after the poor queen has appealed to him, having turned despondent over God’s unwillingness to listen to her prayers? Even in the Middle English Sir Gowther (late 15th century), the future mother does not know that the devil takes on the shape of her husband in order to sleep with her, while in the Old French text, Robert le Diable, the poor woman even prays to the devil to help her. It also seems rather unusual that the poet then describes the child as virtually possessed by the devil, demonstrating egregiously aggressive behavior toward everyone, until at one point the protagonist learns from his mother the truth about his origin and immediately tries to atone for his evil deeds and turns into a most curious fool, obeying God’s command that he no longer speak and act like an utter madman, taking food only from a dog’s mouth.

scholarly journals First Report of Zucchini Collapse by Fusarium solani f. sp. cucurbitae Race 1 and Plectosporium tabacinum in Italy

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Vitale ◽  
M. Maccaroni ◽  
A. Belisario
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
Running Water ◽  
First Report ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Rot Disease

Zucchini plant collapse has been often associated with Fusarium solani f. sp. cucurbitae race 1, which is the causal agent of Fusarium crown and foot rot disease of cucurbits. In Italy, F. solani f. sp. cucurbitae race 1 has been reported on zucchini (Cucurbita pepo) in a greenhouse in the Tuscany Region (4). In spring 2005, a severe outbreak was observed on zucchini in a vast area of cultivation in the province of Venice. Isolations from necrotic vessels gave more than 20 single-spore cultures. On the basis of morphological characteristics, they were identified as F. solani (2) and Plectosporium tabacinum (3). The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA was amplified and sequenced. A fragment of 454 and 531 bp was 99% homologous with sequence PSU66732 and AF150472 of F. solani f. sp. cucurbitae race 1 and P. tabacinum, respectively, in the NCBI database. The nucleotide sequences have been assigned Accession No. AM408782 for F. solani f. sp. cucurbitae race 1 and AM408781 for P. tabacinum. Pathogenicity tests were conducted with four isolates of each species on 15-day-old zucchini plants and on fruit. Plants were inoculated by dipping the roots in a conidial suspension of 106 spores ml-1 for 10 min. Control plants were dipped in sterile water. Five replicates for the inoculated and control plants were used. All plants were maintained in a greenhouse at approximately 24°C. After 14 days, inoculations with F. solani f. sp. cucurbitae race 1 gave symptoms of a cortical rot at the base of the stem with a progressive yellows and wilting of leaves, while plants inoculated with P. tabacinum displayed a moderate wilting. Fruit were washed under running water, disinfected with a solution of 3% sodium hypochlorite and 5% ethanol for 1 min, and inoculated with 6-mm-diameter mycelial plugs cut from the margin of 10-day-old cultures grown on PDA. Plugs were inserted into holes (approximately 2 mm deep) made with a sterile 7-mm-diameter cork borer. Five replicates per isolate were used. Fruit were kept at room temperature (22 to 24°C) in a moist chamber. All isolates induced symptoms of fruit rotting 10 days after inoculation. All controls remained healthy. The colonies reisolated from the inoculated plants and fruit were morphologically identical to the original isolates. The results obtained proved that F. solani f. sp. cucurbitae race 1 can be considered the major pathogen in zucchini collapse, at the same time P. tabacinum may play a role in this syndrome as reported for other cucurbits (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of zucchini plant collapse caused by F. solani f. sp. cucurbitae race 1 and P. tabacinum, and the first report of P. tabacinum on zucchini in Italy. References: (1) V. J. Garcia-Jimenez et al. EPPO Bull. 30:169, 2000. (2) P. E. Nelson et al. Fusarium Species: An Illustrated Manual for Identification. Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 1983. (3) M. E. Palm et al. Mycologia 87:397, 1995. (4) G. Vannacci and P. Gambogi. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 19:103, 1980.

scholarly journals First Report of Fusarium solani f. sp. cucurbitae Race 1 in Spain

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (10) ◽  
pp. 1216-1216 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. García-Jiménez ◽  
J. Armengol ◽  
M. J. Moya ◽  
R. Sales
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Spore Suspension ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
First Report ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Race 2 ◽  
Potato Sucrose Agar

A crown, root, and fruit rot of squash (Cucurbita maxima Duchesne) was first observed in 1995 and again in 1996 in several fields in the eastern provinces of Valencia and Castellón. When plants approach maturity they exhibited a severe cortical rot at the base of the stem and the upper portion of the taproot causing yellowing and wilting of the leaves. Within a few days of the first symptoms of crown rot, affected plants usually died. Soft, circular lesions developed where fruit were in contact with soil. Isolations on potato dextrose agar supplemented with 0.5 mg/ml of streptomycin sulfate (PDAS) from the crown of symptomatic plants and fruits yielded primarily a Fusarium sp. Isolates were transferred to potato sucrose agar (PSA) and Bilay's medium, modified by Joffe (SNA), and incubated at 25°C for 10 days with a 12-h photoperiod. The isolates were identified as Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. based on colony morphology on PSA and fungal morphology on SNA. C. maxima (cv. Dulce de Horno) seedlings (eight replicates per isolate) grown on a sterilized mixture of equal portions (vol/vol) of soil, sand, and peat moss were inoculated at the first true leaf stage by introducing a 10-ml spore suspension (106 spores per ml) at the base of plants. Symptoms appeared in 14 to 21 days as linear, coalescing, cortical lesions in the hypocotyl of inoculated plants and ultimately caused seedling death. There were no differences observed in the five isolates tested, regardless of origin. Mature fruits were inoculated by injecting spore suspension (106 spores per ml) into the mesocarp. Within 14 to 21 days after inoculation, lesions developed similar to those observed in the field. Stem isolates were pathogenic on the fruit, and fruit isolates were pathogenic on stems. Reference isolates NRLL 22165 and NRRL 22449 for race 1, and NRRL 20545 and NRRL 22144 for race 2, provided by K. O'Donnell, were also tested as positive controls. Only race 1 isolates caused seedling death. In each study, the fungus was reisolated, confirming Koch's postulates. Based on these results and disease symptoms in the field, the fungus was classified as F. solani f. sp. cucurbitae W. C. Snyder & H. N. Hans race 1, which causes a root, stem, and fruit rot, whereas race 2 causes only a fruit rot (1). F. solani also was isolated from seeds removed from diseased fruits. This is the first report of the presence of F. solani f. sp. cucurbitae race 1 in Spain. Reference: (1) T. A. Tousson and W. C. Snyder. Phytopathology 51:17, 1961.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document