What Does “¡Quédate en casa!” (‘Stay at Home!') Mean for a Poor Woman?

The purpose of this chapter is the discursive analysis of the online debate carried out in April 2020, in the middle of the confinement period of the COVID-19 pandemic, by a feminist group from Ecuador. The topic was to discuss the impact on poor women in the country of the consequences of the government order to be confined to the home: “¡Quédate en casa!” (‘Stay at home!'). From a constructivist perspective, the most relevant discursive-argumentative resources of the debate are analyzed, with the aim of revealing the participants' “framework of interpretation” or “narrative construction” based on their reflection of what was supposed to be an order issued by all governments, at the behest of the WHO (World Health Organization), but whose concrete materialization could not be realized in a similar way in all social contexts.

Pravni položaj žene u Dušanovom zakoniku sa posebnim osvrtom na vlastelinke

Dušan’s Code continues the earlier regulation of legal relations following the local legal tradition, paying a lot of attention to the legalization of social stratification: determining the legal position of different categories of the population in different ways. In addition to their social status, their sex also had a great influence on their position: through the regulation of the general position of the „poor spinner” and the procedural one of the „poor woman”, as well as through other provisions on the legal position of women. At the opposite end of the social spectrum are female members of the ruling class – the noblewomen. They are found especially in the matter of inheritance law, less so in criminal and other branches of law. In addition to the analysis of the rules that apply to them, the paper will also address the specifics of the application of other, „neutral” rules to the status of women in Dušan’s empire, as well as those concerning the „Lady Empress”, to which certain issues of public law are related. Finally, conclusions will be drawn on the legal status of (noble)women in the Serbian Empire, as well as their placement in the context of the rights of the Nemanjić Serbia.

„Kopciuszek”, „Amant”, „Brzydkie kaczątko”. Reprezentacje płci w telenowelach latynoskich

„Cinderella", „The Cupid", „The Ugly Ducking". Gender Representations in Latin American Telenovelas The aim of the article is to present typical representations of women and men in Latin American telenovelas, shaped on the basis of images of femininity and masculinity in the local culture. A standard scheme of a poor woman and a wealthy man is presented, with strongly exposed ideological elements of marianismo, machismo and malinchismo. A typology of characters has been proposed in relation to the character and conduct of the screen characters. The female characters discussed are: „Cinderella”, „The Ugly Duckling”, and in the male case, „The Amant”. This categorization is subjective in nature, and its purpose is to draw the reader’s attention to the way in which female and male role models and their attributes have been culturally represented in the twenty years, 1997–2017.

Pemodelan IPM Di Kawasan Timur Indonesia Menggunakan Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline (MARS)

Human Development Index (HDI) is an important issue in designing and strategizing of sustainable development. Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline (MARS) is a regression approach that produces models with continous character on knots. MARS models are determined based on trial and error for a combination of basis function (BF), maximum interaction (MI), and minimum observation (MO). The determination of knots is based on the minimum Generalized Cross Validation (GCV) value. The results of this study are the combination value of BF = 52, MI = 3, and MO = 2 with a minimum GCV of 0,00049. The factors that influence HDI are average school length (X2) per capita expenditure (X4), life expactancy (X3), persentage of poor woman aged 15-49 who use the birth control tool (X5).

Black Stud, White Desire

This chapter addresses the case of Hannah Elias who labored in New York’s interracial sex trade and became the mistress of one her white customers, John R. Platt. When their affair was exposed to New York residents, the eighty-four-year-old businessman charged the thirty-nine-year-old black divorcee with extorting from him over $685,000 between 1896 and 1904. While the charges leveled against Elias suggested criminal activity, the court testimony revealed the contours of a consensual seventeen (rather than seven) year-old interracial relationship and the complex trajectory of a poor, fair-skinned black woman from Philadelphia who eventually became, for some, a rich, racially-ambiguous New York homeowner and businesswoman. In order to prove that Platt had willingly engaged in their relationship and supported her financially rather than being blackmailed into paying her, Elias understood that she needed to reveal the trajectory of their intimate liaisons. Defying the stock image of the sexually deviant black woman prevalent in popular culture and white society, Elias articulated this narrative without regard for public censure. Her unapologetic revelations about her “low life” as a poor woman, sex worker, entrepreneur, and mistress provide a unique opportunity to explore how one turn-of-the-twentieth century black woman publicly framed the story of her sexual behavior. Elias’s story was her own; she refused to be defined as victimized by a powerful white man. By doing so, she left a set of sources that disrupt how the larger society scripted her and, instead, defined her own flawed truth.

Determinants of Income of Poor Women-Headed Households in Madiun City

This study is aimed to analyze the effect of the level of education, number of family members, age, number of work hours, and type of work against the income of poor woman as a head of family in the City of Madiun. Population in this research is poor household’s headed a poor women in the City of Madiun and in the sampling uses the slovin formula with the result of 98 poor households. The data analysis technique uses a multiple linear regression with Ordinary Least Square method (OLS). The analysis result showed that the level of education, number of family members, and the number of work hours has a positive and significant impact on the income of poor families while the age and type of work is not significantly effecting the income of poor women as heads of households in the City of Madiun.Keywords: Poverty, Haed of Household’s Women, Income, Education, Number of Family Member, Number of Work Hours, Type of Work.

“Palavras suaves para os operários”: trabalho e trabalhadores no projeto literário de Carolina Maria de Jesus

Resumo: A partir das obras Quarto de despejo: diário de uma favelada (1960) e Diário de Bitita (1986), de Carolina Maria de Jesus, este artigo propõe uma leitura preliminar da categoria trabalho e seu duplo, trabalhador, tendo como pressuposto as relações entre literatura e sociedade (CANDIDO, 2006). Para tanto, entende-se a posição da escritora e sua autorrepresentação (DALCASTAGNÈ, 2007) como interseccional (DAVIS, 2016): mulher, negra e pobre; e parte de três eixos de análise: a representação do outro como trabalhador; a representação de si como trabalhadora; e a representação/formalização de si em relação à escrita. A hipótese explorada neste texto é que a categoria trabalho/trabalhador constitui dialeticamente as narrativas carolineanas, seja no conteúdo, seja na forma. Por este percurso, por sua vez, foi possível constatar que a ambiguidade com que o trabalho é tratado revela um movimento de síntese em torno de um projeto literário de Carolina Maria de Jesus, que tem como elemento central justamente pensar e representar o mundo do trabalho a partir de uma reflexão sobre si.Palavras-chave: literatura brasileira; trabalho; Carolina Maria de Jesus.Abstract: Departing from the literary pieces Quarto de despejo: diário de uma favelada (1960) and Diário de Bitita (1986), both written by Carolina Maria de Jesus, this paper proposes a preliminary reading of the labor category and its counterpart, the laborer, having as a backdrop the relationship between literature and society. For that matter, we take the writer’s position and her (DAVIS, 2016) self-representation (DALCASTAGNÈ, 2007) to be intersectional: a black and poor woman and part of a tripartite analytical axis - the representation of the other as working men and women; the self-representation as a working woman; and the representation/formalization of herself towards the act of writing. The hypothesis explored here is that the category of labor/laborer constitutes, in a dialectical way, Carolinean narratives, both in substance and in literary form. Following this idea, it was possible to conclude that the ambiguity in which labor is treated reveals a movement of synthesis around the literary project of Carolina Maria Jesus, whose central element is the thought and the representation of the labor world as a result of thinking about herself.Keywords: Brazilian literature; labor; Carolina Maria de Jesus.

ANALISIS TINDAK TUTUR PERMINTAAN PADA DRAMA RICH MAN POOR WOMAN

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan strategi tindak tutur yang diterapkan serta mengidentifikasi fungsi tuturan permintaan berdasarkan strategi yang diterapkan pada sebuah drama berjudul Rich Man Poor Woman. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan subjek penelitian pada sebuah drama Jepang yang berjudul Rich Man Poor Woman. Teori yang digunakan untuk menganalisis adalah teori strategi tindak tutur permintaan dan teori fungsi permintaan oleh Trosborg (1995). Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah studi pustaka yang dilanjutkan dengan metode simak dengan teknik catat. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah metode padan pragmatis dengan teknik analisis data menurut Miles dan Huberman (1984). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa strategi tindak tutur permintaan diterapkan dalam drama Rich Man Poor Woman menggunakan tujuh macam strategi yaitu isyarat, menanyakan kesediaan mitra tutur, menyarankan, menyampaikan keinginan penutur, menyampaikan kewajiban, performatif dan imperatif. Penerapan masing-masing strategi ini didasarkan pada perbedaan komponen tutur seperti peserta tutur, situasi formal atau non formal dan tujuan tuturan. Kemudian hasil penelitian kedua yaitu berdasarkan strategi tindak tutur permintaan yang diterapkan, terdapat tiga fungsi tuturan permintaan yaitu berfungsi sebagai tindak impositif, sebagai tindak FTA, dan sebagai tindak berbeda dari impositif. Selain tiga fungsi tersebut terdapat juga penggabungan fungsi permintaan yaitu sebagai tindak impositif sekaligus sebagai tindak FTA.Kata Kunci : tindak tutur permintaan, fungsi permintaan, strategi tindak tutur permintaan ドラマ『リッチマンプアウーマン』で使用される依頼表現の分析 要旨 本研究の目的は、ドラマ『リッチマンプアウーマン』による依頼表現の戦略し、依頼表現の戦略による依頼機能を特定したものである。対象は、日本語によるドラマであり、トロスボリ（1995）理論に基き定性的記述研究である。データの収集は、視聴により取り出した表現戦略をまとめ、マイル＆ヒューバーマン(1984) による語用論を参考に分析した。結果、ドラマ『リッチマンプアウーマン』による依頼表現は、合図、聞き手に対する問いかけ、提案、話し手の要望的伝達、義務的伝達、遂行、命令の7種類の戦略が認められた。また、表現の戦略は、年齢、上下関係、話し手と聞き手の親密性、フォーマルとインフォーマルの場面、依頼の目的、に応じ使い分けられている。7種類の表現戦略における機能は、使役的表現、FTA（顔を脅かす行為）、使役とは異なる表現の3種類以外に、使役的表現とFTAが結び付いた機能でもあった。 keyword : 依頼表現、依頼機能、依頼表現の戦略