scholarly journals First Report of Soilborne Rye Mosaic Virus in Rye in Denmark

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (11) ◽  
pp. 1074-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Nielsen ◽  
M. Nicolaisen ◽  
R. Koenig ◽  
W. Huth
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Trypan Blue ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
First Record ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Polyclonal Antiserum ◽  
Polymyxa Graminis ◽  
Sequence Identity ◽  
Rigid Rod

Soilborne wheat mosaic furovirus (SBWMV)-like particles were detected in rye (Secale cereale) grown in sandy soil in West Zealand during spring 1999. Infected plants showed yellow leaf mosaic and light stunting. Electron microscopy of negatively stained crude sap preparations revealed rigid rod-shaped particles with two average lengths, 296 and 162 nm; average diameter was 23 nm. Sap-inoculation to Chenopodium quinoa and C. amaranticolor produced local leaf lesions when grown at 17°C but none when grown at 22 to 25°C. All the features agree with the description of SBWMV (1). Immunosorbent electronmicroscopy with polyclonal antiserum produced by W. Huth to furovirus-like particles isolated from rye in Germany gave a distinct decoration to particles. Light microscopy of roots cleared with 10% KOH and stained with a 0.5% solution of trypan blue in lactoglycerol revealed resting spores with a morphology and size similar to Polymyxa graminis, a furovirus vector. This is the first record of a furovirus on cereals in Denmark. The complete nucleotide sequence of the isolate was analyzed and compared with data on isolates from wheat. Sequence identity was only 74%. Therefore, the isolate was designated as soilborne rye mosaic virus. SBRMV has been recorded previously in rye and triticale in several regions of Germany (2). References: (1) M. K. Brakke. 1971. CMI/AAB Descr. Plant Viruses No. 77. (2) W. Huth. Nachrichtenbl. Dtsch. Pflanzenschutzdienstes 50:163, 1998.

New threats to endangered Cook’s scurvy grass (Lepidium oleraceum; Brassicaceae): introduced crop viruses and the extent of their spread

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josh C. C. M. Van Vianen ◽  
Gary J. Houliston ◽  
John D. Fletcher ◽  
Peter B. Heenan ◽  
Hazel M. Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
First Record ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Cauliflower Mosaic Virus ◽  
Economic Output ◽  
Threatened Plant Species ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Turnip Yellows Virus ◽  
Coastal Plant

To date, most research conducted on plant viruses has centred on agricultural systems where viruses greatly reduce economic output. Introduced viruses are globally common and there is a lack of knowledge around how they might affect natural populations. Although it has been suggested that infectious disease may have played an underestimated role in past species extinctions, there is little empirical evidence. Cook’s scurvy grass (Lepidium oleraceum Sparrm. ex G.Forst; Brassicaceae) is a threatened coastal plant endemic to New Zealand. Following the discovery of Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) in some glasshouse cultivated specimens, we surveyed wild extant Lepidium populations on the Otago coast for TuMV while screening for two other common crop viruses. We show that TuMV is almost ubiquitous among remaining wild L. oleraceum populations on the South Island’s east coast and report the first record of L. oleraceum as a host for both Cauliflower mosaic virus and Turnip yellows virus. The high incidence of virus infection throughout the study populations may make this system one of the first examples of introduced viruses affecting the conservation of a threatened plant species.

scholarly journals First Report of Southern bean mosaic virus Infecting French Bean in Morocco

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (10) ◽  
pp. 1162-1162 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Segundo ◽  
F. M. Gil-Salas ◽  
D. Janssen ◽  
G. Martin ◽  
I. M. Cuadrado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
First Report ◽  
Sequence Identity ◽  
Southern Bean Mosaic Virus ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Symptomatic Leaf ◽  
Das Elisa

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is grown on approximately 1,500 ha in commercial greenhouses and is of major economic importance in the Souss-Massa Region, Agadir, Morocco. Since October 2003, symptoms resembling a viral disease, consisting of pod mosaic and distortion and mild to severe mosaic in leaves, have been observed on bean plants in several greenhouses. Mechanical inoculation with symptomatic leaf extracts produced necrotic local lesions on P. vulgaris ‘Pinto’ and systemic symptoms similar to those observed in the naturally infected bean plants P. vulgaris ‘Donna’ (five plants per cultivar). Inoculated and naturally infected samples reacted positively using a double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) to Southern bean mosaic virus (SBMV) (DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany), a member of the Sobemovirus genus that is transmitted by contact, soil, beetles, and seeds (1). Virions purified from a naturally infected ‘Donna’ plant contained a 30-kDa polypeptide that reacted positively using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western blot analysis with SBMV antiserum (DSMZ). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction amplification with SMBV primers as described by Verhoeven et al. (2) produced an expected 870-bp band. The amplicon was cloned, sequenced (GenBank Accession No. AJ748276), and compared to those isolates available in GenBank and had a nucleotide sequence identity of 87% and a derived amino acid sequence identity of 95% with an SBMV isolate from Spain (2). During a survey in different areas of the Souss-Massa Region, 20 symptomatic leaf and pod samples were randomly collected from 12 greenhouses (50 ha) where significant commercial losses were suffered because of this virus disease, and all samples were positive using DAS-ELISA for SBMV. To our knowledge, this is the first report of SBMV in Morocco. References: (1) J. H. Tremaine and R. I. Hamilton. Southern bean mosaic virus. No. 274 in: Descriptions of Plant Viruses. CMI/AAB, Kew, Surrey, England, 1983. (2) J. Th. J. Verhoeven et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 109:935, 2003.

scholarly journals Modifications of the Helper Component-Protease of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus for Generation of Attenuated Mutants for Cross Protection Against Severe Infection

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih-Shun Lin ◽  
Hui-Wen Wu ◽  
Fuh-Jyh Jan ◽  
Roger F. Hou ◽  
Shyi-Dong Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Cross Protection ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mild Strain ◽  
Helper Component

A nonpathogenic mild strain is essential for control of plant viruses by cross protection. Three amino acid changes, Arg180→Ile180 (GA mutation), Phe205→Leu205 (GB mutation), and Glu396→Asn396 (GC mutation), of the conserved motifs of the helper component-protease (HC-Pro) of a severe strain TW-TN3 of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), a member of the genus Potyvirus, were generated from an infectious cDNA clone that carried a green fluorescent protein reporter. The infectivity of individual mutants containing single, double, or triple mutations was assayed on local and systemic hosts. On Chenopodium quinoa plants, the GB mutant induced necrotic lesions; the GA, GC, and GBC mutants induced chlorotic spots; and the GAB and GAC mutants induced local infection only visualized by fluorescence microscopy. On squash plants, the GA, GB, GC, and GBC mutants caused milder mosaic; the GAC mutant induced slight leaf mottling followed by recovering; and the GAB mutant did not induce conspicuous symptoms. Also, the GAC mutant, but not the GAB mutant, conferred complete cross protection against the parental virus carrying a mite allergen as a reporter. When tested on transgene-silenced transgenic squash, the ability of posttranscriptional gene silencing suppression of the mutated HC-Pro of GAC was not significantly affected. We concluded that the mutations of the HC-Pro of ZYMV reduce the degrees of pathogenicity on squash and also abolish the ability for eliciting the hypersensitive reaction on C. quinoa, and that the mutant GAC is a useful mild strain for cross protection.

scholarly journals New Polish Isolate of Pepino mosaic virus Highly Distinct from European Tomato, Peruvian, and US2 Strains

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (8) ◽  
pp. 1106-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Pospieszny ◽  
N. Borodynko
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Amino Acid Identity ◽  
Polyclonal Antiserum ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Sequence Information ◽  
Pepino Mosaic Virus ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Symptomless Infection

Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV, genus Potexvirus) was first described on pepino (Solanum muricatum) in Peru during 1980. Since 1999, the virus was reported in several European countries and in North and South America as an agent of viral disease of tomato crops. In Poland in 2002, the PepMV-SW isolate that was genetically similar to European isolates (approximately 99% identity) was identified (3). In November 2005, in the western part of the Wielkopolska Region, a virus with flexuous filamentous particles approximately 500 nm long was isolated from tomato fruits exhibiting symptoms of discoloration. Crude sap from Nicotiana benthamiana leaves was used for mechanical inoculation of indicator plants. The virus caused symptoms on N. benthamiana, N. clevelandii, Datura inoxia, and Lycopersicon esculentum. Symptomless infection on N. tabacum cv. Xanthi nc, N. tabacum cv. White Burley, and N. debneyi was confirmed by back-inoculation on N. benthamiana. The virus did not infect N. glutinosa, Physalis floridana, Petunia hybrida, Capsicum annuum, Chenopodium quinoa, Cucumis sativus, or Phaseolus vulgaris. The virus was initially identified using double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) with polyclonal antiserum against PepMV (DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany). Positive serological reactions were obtained with sap from inoculated N. benthamiana, L. esculentum, and N. clevelandii plants. The serological identification was confirmed using a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with primers generated from a sequence of the RNA polymerase region of an isolate of PepMV reported in the United Kingdom (1). Sequence information obtained from the amplified fragment of the virus designated PepMV-PK (GenBank Accession No. DQ387870), showed only 81% nt identity and 89% amino acid identity with PepMV-SW (GenBank Accession No. DQ387869). PepMV isolates can be divided into three strains including European tomato, Peruvian, and US2 based on their genetic diversity (2). The PepMV-PK isolate resulted in nucleotide identities ranging from 79 to 81% with isolates of the European tomato strain (GenBank Accession Nos. AJ438767, AF340024, AF484251, AJ271991, AJ606359, and AJ290424), 81% with the Peruvian strain (GenBank Accession Nos. AM109896 and AJ606361), and 78% identity with each of the U.S. isolates US1 (GenBank Accession No. AY509926) and US2 (GenBank Accession No. AY509927). These results show that the new Polish isolate is distinct from all other PepMV isolates reported to date. References: (1) C. J. French et al. Plant Dis. 85:1121, 2001. (2) L. Pagan et al. Phytopathology 96:274, 2006. (3) H. Pospieszny et al. Phytopathol. Pol. 26:91, 2002.

Polymyxa graminis. [Distribution map].

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Wheat Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Polymyxa Graminis ◽  
Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Polymyxa graminis Ledingham. Cercozoa: Plasmodiophorida. Hosts: groundnut (Arachis hypogaea), oats (Avena sativa), barley (Hordeum vulgare), rice (Oryza sativa), rye (Secale cereale), wheat (Triticum aestivum), millet (Panicum miliaceum) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Belgium, France, Mainland France, Germany, Greece, Mainland Greece, Italy, Mainland Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Mainland Spain, UK, England and Wales), Asia (China, Anhui, Gansu, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang, India, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Punjab, Rajasthan, Iran, Japan, Honshu, Lebanon, Pakistan, Syria, Turkey), Africa (Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire, Mali, Niger, Senegal), North America (Canada, Manitoba, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, USA, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri, Nebraska, New Mexico, New York, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Virginia, Washington), South America (Bolivia, Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, Colombia), Oceania (New Zealand). Vector of numerous plant viruses, including Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus, Wheat yellow mosaic virus, Wheat spindle streak mosaic virus, Barley yellow mosaic virus, Oat mosaic virus, Rice stripe necrosis virus and Peanut clump virus. Several viruses transmitted by P. graminis cause major widespread diseases on barley, wheat and groundnut. P. graminis is presumed to be present in all fields infested with the viral diseases it transmits, but is also present in virus-free soils. The distribution of the viruses transmitted by P. graminis is greater than the confirmed distribution of P. graminis shown on the map.

scholarly journals First Report of Strawberry as a Natural Host of Apple mosaic virus

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. E. Tzanetakis ◽  
R. R. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Degenerate Primers ◽  
Sequence Identity ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Leafroll Disease ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Beet Pseudo Yellows Virus

Apple mosaic virus (ApMV) has been reported to naturally infect a number of hosts in the Rosaceae family including Rosa spp., Malus spp., and Rubus spp. etc., as well as several hosts such as Humulus spp. and Betula spp. in other plant families (2), but has not been reported to naturally infect Fragaria spp. although it has been grafted into Fragaria spp. (1). In an attempt to develop a detection method for strawberry leafroll as part of an overall strategy to develop diagnostics for all reported virus and virus-like diseases of strawberry, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) was extracted and cloned as described elsewhere (3) from a single-leafroll-infected plant of Fragaria vesca ‘UC-5’ (CFRA no. 9026 maintained at the USDA-ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository [NCGR] in Corvallis, OR). Newer leaves on the plant had a chlorotic peacock pattern with a few leaves exhibiting a downward leafroll. The dsRNA pattern suggested possible infection with a crinivirus and an ilarvirus. A database search (BLAST at the National Center for Biotechnology Information) showed that clones with sequence homology to two criniviruses (Strawberry pallidosis associated virus [SPaV] and Beet pseudo-yellows virus [BPYV] as well as ApMV) were obtained from this leafroll-infected plant. Sequences of the three viruses from this plant have been deposited in GenBank (Accession Nos. AY854050, AY854051, and AY854052 for ApMV, BPYV, and SPaV, respectively). The sequence obtained for the strawberry isolate of ApMV represents part of RNA 3 and covers the majority of the coat protein (CP) gene. The nucleotide sequence identity of the CFRA 9026 isolate with the CPs of other ApMV isolates range from 87 to 91% and the amino acid sequence identity ranges from 79 to 88% with similarities ranging from 84 to 94%. Two sets of primers were designed to amplify fragments of ApMV from strawberry (ApMV-str) and one set of degenerate primers to amplify ApMV from several hosts. With the ApMV-str specific primers, we were able to detect ApMV from strawberry but not from rose, whereas with the degenerate primers, we were able to detect ApMV in strawberry and rose. Amplicons obtained with all three sets of primers were sequenced and were identical to the sequence obtained during the cloning process. In addition, polyclonal antibodies were used to trap ApMV from infected strawberries onto polystyrene immunoassay plates (NUNC, Rochester, NY). After washing, reverse transcription (RT) reactions were carried out in these wells and used in polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The sequence of the amplicons obtained were ApMV-specific as determined by sequencing. At this time, only the leafroll infected plant from the collection at the NCGR in Corvallis, OR has been tested. To our knowledge, this is the first characterization of a virus associated with strawberry leafroll disease, and development of the RT-PCR test will allow for detection of this virus in field samples to determine its distribution and importance in strawberry production. References: (1) R. H. Converse. Pages 69–70 in: Virus Diseases of Small Fruits, USDA-ARS Handb. 631, 1987. (2) R. W. Fulton, No. 38. in: Descriptions of Plant Viruses CMI/AAB. Kew, Surrey, England, 1972. (3) I. E. Tzanetakis et al. J. Virol. Methods 124:73, 2005.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Hibiscus chlorotic ringspot virus in Hibiscus spp. in New Zealand

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (9) ◽  
pp. 1367-1367 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Tang ◽  
D. R. Elliott ◽  
B. D. Quinn ◽  
G. R. G. Clover ◽  
B. J. R. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
The United States ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Polyclonal Antiserum ◽  
Ringspot Virus ◽  
Home Garden ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Plant Pathol

Hibiscus spp. are popular ornamental plants in New Zealand. The genus is susceptible to Hibiscus chlorotic ringspot virus (HCRSV), a member of the genus Carmovirus, which has been reported in Australia, El Salvador, Singapore, the South Pacific Islands, Taiwan, Thailand, and the United States (1–4). In May of 2004, chlorotic spotting and ringspots were observed on the leaves of two H. rosa-sinensis plants in a home garden in Auckland, New Zealand. When inoculated with sap from symptomatic leaves, Chenopodium quinoa and C. amaranticolor developed faint chlorotic local lesions 12 to 15 days later. Phaseolus vulgaris exhibited small necrotic local spots 10 days postinoculation. No symptoms were observed on inoculated plants of Cucumis sativus, Gomphrena globosa, Nicotiana Clevelandii, N. tabacum, or N. sylvestris. Plants of H. rosa-sinensis and the three symptomatic indicator species tested positive for HCRSV using polyclonal antiserum (Agdia Inc., Elkhart, IN) in a double antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA. Forward (5′-GGAACCCGTCCTGTTACTTC-3′) and reverse (5′-ATCACATCCACATCCCCTTC-3′) primers were designed on the basis of a conserved region in the coat protein gene (nt 2722–3278) of HCRSV isolates in GenBank (Accession Nos. X86448 and DQ392986). A product of the expected size (557 bp) was amplified by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR with total RNA extracted from the four infected species. Comparison of the sequence of the amplicon from H. rosa-sinensis (GenBank Accession No. EU554660) with HCRSV isolates from Singapore and Taiwan (GenBank Accession Nos. X86448 and DQ392986) showed 99 and 94% nucleotide identity, respectively. From 2006 to 2008, samples from a further 25 symptomatic hibiscus plants were collected from different locations in the Auckland region. Nineteen, including plants of H. diversifolius, H. rosa-sinensis, and H. syriacus, tested positive for HCRSV by RT-PCR. To our knowledge, this is the first report of HCRSV in New Zealand and of the virus in H. diversifolius and H. syriacus. HCRSV is considered to be widespread in New Zealand. References: (1) A. A. Brunt et al. Plant Pathol. 49:798, 2000. (2) S. C. Li et al. Plant Pathol. 51:803, 2002. (3) H. Waterworth. No.227 in: Descriptions of Plant Viruses. CMI/AAB, Surrey, UK, 1980. (4) S. M. Wong et al. Acta Hortic. 432:76, 1996.

scholarly journals First Report of Soilborne wheat mosaic virus on Wheat (Triticum aestivum) in the Columbia Basin of Oregon

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (11) ◽  
pp. 1513-1513 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. B. Hamm ◽  
S. L. Gieck ◽  
N. L. David ◽  
R. M. Hunger
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Columbia Basin ◽  
Polymyxa Graminis ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Center Pivot ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Rigid Rod ◽  
Rotational Crop ◽  
Production Areas

The Columbia Basin of Oregon consists of six counties (Gilliam, Hood River, Morrow, Sherman, Wasco, and Umatilla) and is the major wheat-producing region in the state. In 2005, these counties produced 300,277 ha of mostly fall-planted wheat. While primarily a dryland production area, wheat (approximately 8,094 ha) is also grown as a rotational crop under irrigation. Stunted and chlorotic winter wheat plants with leaves exhibiting a mosaic pattern consistent with that caused by Soilborne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV) were observed in March 2005. These plants originated from four center-pivot irrigated fields in Umatilla County with each field approximately 50.6 ha. One-half of one field was planted with cv. Western Breeders 470 (WB470) and the other half with cv. Tubbs, while the three other fields were planted to Tubbs. In the split-planted field, symptoms were widespread in the WB470 half but only observed in low-lying areas planted with Tubbs. ELISA with a monoclonal antibody (Agdia Inc., Elkhart, IN) confirmed the presence of SBWMV, which is transmitted by the soilborne organism Polymyxa graminis. Electron microscopy confirmed rigid, rod-shaped particles that were 19 nm wide and of two size classes, 138 to 222 and 416 to 471 nm long. Presence of SBWMV was further verified by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using SBWMV RNA-2 specific primers (sense 5′-AAAGAGTCTIGCGTRTARCAYTC-3′ and antisense 5′-AACGGTGTTAGTAARYTRGGKGA-3′), which amplified the predicted 338-bp product from the coat protein gene (1). Additional positive samples were found in 2006 from fall-planted wheat cvs. WB 528 and MJ9 from two additional 50.6-ha fields in Umatilla County. In 2005, yield of WB470 in the split-planted field was reduced by approximately 15% compared with yields obtained in similar fields planted with WB470 not exhibiting symptoms. SBWMV has been reported previously in Oregon (2) but nearly 322 km to the west in an area that is not the major wheat-producing region in Oregon. Because of the apparent reduced susceptibility of Tubbs, which is an older cultivar, as compared with WB470, WB528, and MJ9, which are three new high-yielding cultivars, additional research is needed to identify the reaction to SBWMV of cultivars adapted for production in the Pacific Northwest, particularly if this disease becomes widely distributed in both irrigated and dryland production areas. References: (1) G. R. G. Clover et al. Plant Pathol. 50:761, 2001. (2) M. L. Putman et al. Plant Dis. 78:102, 1994.

scholarly journals First Report from Turkey of European Plum Line Pattern Caused by Apple mosaic virus

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 641-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Akbaş ◽  
K. Değirmenci
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Sandwich Elisa ◽  
First Record ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Line Pattern ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Local Cultivar ◽  
Starting Point

European plum line pattern was first described in Bulgaria (1) and can now be found nearly worldwide. Characteristic symptoms in infected plum (Prunus domestica) include line and oak leaf patterns with chlorotic lines and rings in leaves. The causal agent of this economically damaging plum disease is Apple mosaic virus (ApMV). ApMV has been reported to naturally infect a number of hosts in the Rosaceae, including Rosa, Malus, and Rubus spp. as well as Humulus, Betula, and Corylus spp. in other plant families (3), but has not been reported to naturally infect plum in Turkey. In this study, disease symptoms were observed in only one local cultivar (Süt eriği) during the growing season of 2008–2009 in Amasya and Tokat provinces, situated between the Black Sea and inner Anatolia regions. Leaf samples were collected from 22 plum trees and tested by serological and molecular methods. In serological tests, double-antibody sandwich-ELISA was used with antisera to ApMV and Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) according to the manufacturer's (Agdia, Inc., Elkhart, IN) protocol. While none of the samples reacted positively to PNRSV antisera, 19 samples reacted positively to ApMV antisera. The presence of ApMV in symptomatic plum trees was confirmed by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. RT-PCR was conducted with ApMV-specific primers (Forward 5′-ATCCGAGTGAACAGTCTATCCTCTAA-3′; reverse 5′-GTAACTCACTCGTTATCACGTACAA-3′) as previously described (4) to specifically amplify a 262-bp product from viral sequences. Total RNA was extracted from plum leaf samples with a modified protocol based on silica-capture (2). Using serological and RT-PCR tests, ApMV was detected in all 19 samples that showed virus symptoms, but not from symptomless plants. To our knowledge, this is the first record of the presence of European plum line pattern in Turkey and provides a starting point for investigation of the incidence of ApMV in plum orchards of Turkey. References: (1) D. Atanasoff et al. Phytopathol. Z. 8:197, 1935. (2) X. Foissac et al. Acta Hortic. 550:37, 2001. (3) R. W. Fulton. CMI/AAB Descriptions of Plant Viruses. No. 83. 1972. (4) W. Menzel et al. J. Virol. Methods 99:81, 2002.

scholarly journals A New Potyvirus found in Passiflora incence in Florida

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Baker ◽  
L. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Coat Protein ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Soybean Mosaic Virus ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Bean Common Mosaic Virus ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Genetic Sequencing ◽  
Cylindrical Inclusions

During March of 2004 (Alachua County) and again during February of 2006 (Highlands County), specimens of the plant Passiflora incence (passionfruit) with chlorotic symptoms were submitted to the Division of Plant Industry, Gainesville, FL for diagnosis. Cytoplasmic cylindrical inclusions seen in epidermal strips of plant leaves stained in Luxol brilliant green and calcomine orange but not seen in those stained in Azure A indicated the presence of a potyvirus infection. Leaf dips made for electron microscopy also showed virus particles consistent with a potyvirus infection. Reverse-transcription (RT)-PCR using degenerate potyvirus primers (4) produced a target ≈1.7-kb potyvirus band. Approximately 1.4 kb of the PCR fragments from both specimens was sequenced and was 100% identical. The 1.4-kb fragment contained the 3′ end of the NIb region, the coat protein, and the beginning of the 3′UTR. A GenBank BLAST search found that the two most similar potyviruses were Bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV), also known as serotype A of Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV), and Soybean mosaic virus (SMV). Molecular analysis of the 1.4-kb sequence using MegAlign (DNASTAR, Madison, WI) indicated a 73% identity with BCMNV and 68.8% with SMV. Analysis of the coat protein showed the highest identity (87%) with BCMNV, and for the NIb region, the highest identity occurred with SMV at 78%. In double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA, the virus did not react with antisera to either BCMV or BCMNV (BioReba). In sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-immunodiffusion tests, however, the virus reacted heterologously with antiserum to Peanut stripe virus, now considered a member of the serotype B group of BCMV (1). In host range studies, this virus induced systemic chlorosis in Chenopodium quinoa but did not cause symptoms on any other host inoculated, including eight leguminous species and Nicotiana benthamiana. N. bethamiana is susceptible to BCMV and three other known Passiflora potyviruses, Passionfruit crinkle virus (PCV), Passionfruit woodiness virus (PWV), and Passionfruit mottle virus (PFMoV) (2,3). The cylindrical inclusions of this virus seen with the light microscope appeared as loosely aggregated medium length plate or needle-like structures as opposed to long, compact, bundle-shaped aggregates (PFMoV and PCV) or short plate-like structures (PWV) (2,3). The virus did not react with antisera (W. Zettler, University of Florida) to the three aforementioned passionfruit potyviruses in SDS-immunodiffusion tests. This virus, like PCV, PWV, and PFMoV, is related to the Bean common mosaic virus group. However, based on cylindrical inclusion morphology, host range, serology, and genetic sequencing, the virus appears to be a new potyvirus infecting Passiflora and is tentatively named Passiflora chlorosis virus. The sequence was deposited in GenBank as Accession No. DQ860147. References: (1) A. A Brunt et al. Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version 20, August 1996. (2) C. A. Chang. Phytopathology. 82:1358, 1992 (3) C. A. Chang et al. Plant Prot. Bull. 38:339, 1996. (4) A. Gibbs and A. Mackenzie. J. Virol. Methods 63:9, 1997.

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