scholarly journals Characterization of a New Potyvirus Naturally Infecting Chickpea

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (11) ◽  
pp. 1366-1371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard C. Larsen ◽  
Walter J. Kaiser ◽  
Stephen D. Wyatt ◽  
Keri L. Buxton-Druffel ◽  
Phillip H. Berger
Keyword(s):  
Coat Protein ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Plum Pox Virus ◽  
Cdna Clones ◽  
Coat Proteins ◽  
Serological Reaction ◽  
Protein Amino Acid ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
Putative Coat Protein

During the 1999 to 2001 growing seasons, symptoms consisting of mosaic, stunting, yellowing, wilting, shortening of internodes, and phloem discoloration were observed in chickpea (Cicer arietinum) grown in the Department of Chuquisaca in southern Bolivia. In some fields, approximately 10% of the plants exhibited viruslike symptoms and suffered greatly reduced seed yields. Lentil (Lens culinaris) was also observed to be infected but not pea (Pisum sativum) or faba bean (Vicia faba) growing in nearby fields. Infected chickpea tissue reacted positively to the potyvirus group-specific monoclonal antibody (MAb), but there was no serological reaction with antisera to the potyviruses Bean yellow mosaic virus, Clover yellow vein virus, Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus, Pea seedborne mosaic virus, Bean common mosaic virus, or Bean common mosaic necrosis virus. Western blots of total protein extracts probed with the potyvirus MAb revealed a single band ca. 32 kDa. Comparative sequence analysis of cDNA clones generated from the putative coat protein gene consisted of 282 amino acids (31.9 kDa) and showed moderate identities of 67, 66, 63, 63, and 61% with the coat proteins of potyviruses Pepper severe mosaic virus, Pepper yellow mosaic virus, Potato virus Y, Plum pox virus, and Pepper mottle virus, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of the coat protein amino acid sequence revealed that this virus is a unique member of the family Potyviridae and is phylogenetically most closely related to a group of Solanaceae-infecting potyviruses rather than to other legumeinfecting potyviruses. The proposed name for the new causal agent is Chickpea yellow mosaic virus.

scholarly journals First Report of Bean yellow mosaic virus in Alaska from Clover (Trifolium spp.)

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 372-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. L. Robertson ◽  
K. L. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Coat Protein ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Degenerate Primers ◽  
First Report ◽  
Chlorotic Spot ◽  
Putative Coat Protein ◽  
Das Elisa

In mid-June 2008, distinct mosaic leaves were observed on a cluster of clover (Trifolium spp.) with light pink and white flowers growing at the edge of a lawn in Palmer, AK. Virus minipurification from leaves of affected clover and protein extractions on a polyacrylamide electrophoresis implicated a ~35-kDa putative coat protein (CP). Subsequent western blots and ELISA with a universal potyvirus antiserum (Agdia Inc., Elkhart, IN) confirmed potyvirus identity. Total RNA extracts (RNeasy Plant Mini Kit, Qiagen Inc., Valencia, CA) from the same plant were used for reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. Three sets of degenerate primers that targeted potyvirus-specific genes, HC-Pro (helper component protease) and CI (cylindrical inclusion protein) and the genomic 3′-terminus that included a partial NIb (nuclear inclusion), CP (coat protein), and UTR (untranslated region), produced the expected PCR segments (~0.7, ~0.7, and ~1.6 kbp, respectively) on 1% agarose gels (1). Direct sequencing of the HC-Pro (GenBank No. GQ181115), CI (GQ181116), and CP (GU126690) segments revealed 98, 97, and 99% nucleotide identities (no gaps), respectively, to Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV)-chlorotic spot (CS) strain, GenBank No. AB373203. The next closest BYMV percent identity comparisons decreased to 79% for HC-Pro (GenBank No. DQ641248; BYMV-W), 79% for CI (U47033; BYMV-S) partial genes, and 96% for CP (AB041971; BYMV-P242). Mechanical inoculations of purified virus preparations produced local lesions on Chenopodium amaranticolor Coste & A. Reyn. (2 of 5) and C. quinoa Willd. (6 of 7), and mosaic on Nicotiana benthamiana Domin (5 of 5). BYMV was specifically confirmed on tester plants using a double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA BYMV (strain 204 and B25) kit (AC Diagnostics, Inc., Fayetteville, AR) as directed. The absence of another potyvirus commonly found in clover, Clover yellow vein virus (ClYVV), was verified in parallel DAS-ELISA ClYVV assays (AC Diagnostics, Inc). The BYMV isolate was maintained in N. benthamiana, and virion or sap extracts inoculated to the following host range (number of infected/total inoculated plants [verified by BYMV ELISA]): Cucumis sativus L. ‘Straight Eight’ (0/5), Gomphrena globosa L. (1/4), Nicotiana clevelandii A. Gray (4/7), Phaseolus vulgaris L. ‘Bountiful’ (1/3), Pisum sativum L. (Germplasm Resources Information Network Accession Nos. -PI 508092 (8/12), -W6 17525 (13/13), -W6 17529 (0/13), -W6 17530 (13/14), -W6 17537 (0/12), -W6 17538 (0/12), and -W6 17539 (0/21), Tetragonia tetragoniodes (2/2), Trifolium pretense L. ‘Altaswede’ (6/10), T. repens L. ‘Pilgrim’ (0/8), and Vicia faba L. (1/3). All infected plants had symptoms ranging from systemic mosaic (T. pretense, P. sativum) to leaf distortions (N. clevelandii, Tetragonia tetragoniodes). Interestingly, the host range and genomic sequences of the BYMV Alaskan strain resemble the BYMV-CS (chlorotic spot) strain that was originally isolated from a diseased red clover (T. pretense) plant in Japan more than 40 years ago (2). Although BYMV occurs worldwide and has a wide host range in dictoyledonous and monocotyledonous plants (3), to our knowledge, this is the first report of a natural occurrence of BYMV in Alaska. The incidence and distribution of BYMV in clover and other plant species are not known in Alaska. References: (1) C. Ha et al. Arch. Virol. 153:36, 2008. (2) H. Kume et al. Mem. Fac. Agric. Hokkaido Univ. 7:449, 1970. (3) S. J. Wylie et al. Plant Dis. 92:1596, 2008.

scholarly journals First Report of Bean yellow mosaic virus (Pea Mosaic Strain) in Verbena × hybrida

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 574-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Guaragna ◽  
R. L. Jordan ◽  
M. L. Putnam
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Coat Protein ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Pairwise Comparisons ◽  
Putative Coat Protein ◽  
On Line

Verbena × hybrida is an ornamental annual used in rock gardens as an edging plant and hanging baskets. It comes in a variety of colors and grows approximately 1.5 to 2.5 cm (6 to 10 inches) high. In the spring of 2002, verbena cv. Lavender Shades plants from California showing leaf mosaic symptoms tested positive for potyvirus using an antigen-coated plate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with our genus Potyvirus broad spectrum reacting PTY-1 monoclonal as the detecting antibody (3). The virus was transmitted mechanically to Nicotiana benthamiana by sap inoculation from infected verbena plants. Infected tobacco showed systemic mild mosaic symptoms. Total RNA extractions from infected verbena and tobacco leaves were used in reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays with generic potyvirus-specific primers that amplify highly conserved 700-bp or 1,600-bp fragments from the 3′ terminus of most potyviruses. This region includes the 3′ noncoding region (3′NCR) and the potyviral coat protein (CP). The PCR-amplified fragments were cloned by using standard TA cloning procedures and sequenced using dye-terminator chemistry. The cloned nucleotide and putative coat protein amino acid sequences from the infected verbena and tobacco plants were compared with the corresponding regions of other potyviruses. Amino acid comparison of the CP region of the verbena po-tyvirus showed 95 to 96% identity to four pea mosaic strains (PMV) of Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV), 85 to 89% identity to 20 other strains of BYMV, 74 to 76% identity with six strains of Clover yellow vein virus (CYVV), and only 50 to 64% identity with 28 other potyviruses. Pairwise comparisons among and between the CP sequences of PMV, BYMV, CYVV, and other potyviruses revealed identities of 92 to 99% for BYMV∷ BYMV, PMV∷PMV, and CYVV∷CYVV; 84 to 89% for BYMV∷ PMV, 69 to 78% for BYMV∷CYVV and PMV∷CYVV, and 50 to 64% for all other potyvirus combinations. Additionally, similar pairwise analysis of the 3′NCR of the verbena potyvirus revealed 98 to 99% identity to PMV strains, 81 to 94% to other BYMVs, 68 to 75% to CYVVs, and 52 to 64% with other potyviruses. Other 3′NCR pairwise comparisons generally revealed the same identity trend as described for the CP. Further serological analysis with our panel of BYMV-specific, BYMV-subgroup, and potyvirus cross-reactive monoclonal antibodies (3) confirmed the designation of the verbena potyvirus isolate as a pea mosaic strain of BYMV. To our knowledge this is the first confirmed report of BYMV-pea mosaic strain in Verbena (1,2). References: (1) Agdia, Inc. Positive Ornamental Plant Samples. Agdia On-line Publication, 2003. (2) A. A. Brunt et al. Verbena hybrida. Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version 20. On-line publication, August 1996. (3) R. L. Jordan, and J. Hammond. J. Gen. Virol. 72:1531, 1991.

scholarly journals Evidence for diversifying selection in Potato virus Y and in the coat protein of other potyviruses

2002 ◽  
Vol 83 (10) ◽  
pp. 2563-2573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoît Moury ◽  
Caroline Morel ◽  
Elisabeth Johansen ◽  
Mireille Jacquemond
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Coat Protein ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Potato Virus ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Evolutionary Constraints ◽  
Coat Proteins ◽  
Diversifying Selection

The modes of evolution of the proteins of Potato virus Y were investigated with a maximum-likelihood method based on estimation of the ratio between non-synonymous and synonymous substitution rates. Evidence for diversifying selection was obtained for the 6K2 protein (one amino acid position) and coat protein (24 amino acid positions). Amino acid sites in the coat proteins of other potyviruses (Bean yellow mosaic virus, Yam mosaic virus) were also found to be under diversifying selection. Most of the sites belonged to the N-terminal domain, which is exposed to the exterior of the virion particle. Several of these amino acid positions in the coat proteins were shared between some of these three potyviruses. Identification of diversifying selection events in these different proteins will help to unravel their biological functions and is essential to an understanding of the evolutionary constraints exerted on the potyvirus genome. The hypothesis of a link between evolutionary constraints due to host plants and occurrence of diversifying selection is discussed.

Characterization of a Novel Barley Protein, HCP1, That Interacts with the Brome mosaic virus Coat Protein

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasushi Okinaka ◽  
Kazuyuki Mise ◽  
Tetsuro Okuno ◽  
Iwao Furusawa
Keyword(s):  
Coat Protein ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Brome Mosaic Virus ◽  
Host Factors ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Cdna Clones ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
C Terminus ◽  
Barley Protein ◽  
Two Hybrid

Brome mosaic virus (BMV) requires the coat protein (CP) not only for encapsidation but also for viral cell-to-cell and long-distance movement in barley plants. This suggests that BMV infection is controlled by interactions of CP with putative host factors as well as with viral components. To identify the host factors that interact with BMV CP, we screened a barley cDNA library containing 2.4 × 106 independent clones, using a yeast two-hybrid system. Using full-length and truncated BMV CPs as baits, four candidate cDNA clones were isolated. One of the candidate cDNAs encodes a unique oxidoreductase enzyme, designated HCP1. HCP1 was found predominantly in the soluble fractions after differential centrifugation of BMV-infected and mock-inoculated barley tissues. A two-hybrid binding assay using a series of truncated BMV CPs demonstrated that a C-terminal portion of CP is essential for its interaction with HCP1. Interestingly, experiments with CP mutants bearing single amino acid substitutions at the C-terminus revealed that the capacity for mutant CP-HCP1 binding correlates well with the infectivity of the corresponding mutant viruses in barley. These results indicate that CP-HCP1 binding controls BMV infection of barley, interacting directly with CP, probably in the cell cytoplasm.

Transformation of Wheat With the Gene Encoding the Coat Protein of Barley Yellow Mosaic Virus

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 429 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Karunaratne ◽  
A Sohn ◽  
A Mouradov ◽  
J Scott ◽  
HH Steinbiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Coat Protein ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Bar Gene ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Barley Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Virus Coat Protein ◽  
Wheat Embryos ◽  
Virus Coat

Wheat plants (Triticum aestivum cv. Hartog) were stably transformed with the bar gene and the gene encoding the barley yellow mosaic virus coat protein. Cultured immature wheat embryos were bombarded with tungsten particles coated with the pEmuPAT-cp construct. Fifteen regenerating 'PPT- resistant' plants were selected on medium containing phosphinothricin. Of these, 11 plants had both the bar and cp genes integrated into the wheat genome and two plants had only the bar gene. Transmission of the two genes to progeny of two independent plants was confirmed. The barley yellow mosaic virus coat protein was detected in both the parent and progeny plants; however, bar gene expression occurred only in the parent plants.

scholarly journals Virus diseases of poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) and some other species of the Papaveraceae family – a review

1999 ◽  
Vol 35 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 33-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kubelková ◽  
J. Špak
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Turnip Mosaic Virus ◽  
Papaver Somniferum ◽  
Natural Host ◽  
Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Plum Pox Virus ◽  
Experimental Host ◽  
Eschscholtzia Californica ◽  
Beet Curly Top Virus

Opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) is described in the literature as a natural host of turnip mosaic virus, bean yellow mosaic virus, beet yellows virus and beet mosaic virus, and experimental host of plum pox virus. P. orientale L., a natural host of  beet curly top virus, was successfully infected with turnip mosaic virus and cucumber mosaic virus, and P. dubium L. with turnip mosaic virus. P. rhoeas L. is a natural host of turnip mosaic virus, and artificial host of beet yellows, plum pox and cucumber mosaic viruses. P. nudicaule is reported as a natural host of beet curly top, tomato spotted wilt viruses and turnip mosaic, experimentally it was infected with turnip mosaic virus. Eschscholtzia californica Cham. is described as a natural host of aster yellows phytoplasma, and experimental host of bean yellow mosaic virus. In the Czech Republic, only turnip mosaic virus was reliably identified in naturally infected P. somniferum.

scholarly journals Role of Recombination in the Evolution of Host Specialization Within Bean yellow mosaic virus

2009 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 512-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Wylie ◽  
R. A. C. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Coat Protein ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Genetic Recombination ◽  
Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Host Specialization ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Complete Genomes ◽  
Tentative Evidence ◽  
Firm Evidence

Seven complete genomes and 64 coat protein gene sequences belonging to Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) isolates from different continents were examined for evidence of genetic recombination using six different recombination-detection programs. In the seven complete genomes and a single complete genome of the related virus Clover yellow vein virus (ClYVV), evidence for eight recombination patterns was found by four or more programs, giving firm evidence of their presence, and five additional recombination patterns were detected by three or fewer programs, giving tentative evidence of their occurrence. When the nucleotide sequences of 64 BYMV and one ClYVV coat protein genes were analyzed, three firm recombination patterns were detected in 21 isolates (32%). With another six isolates (9%), tentative evidence was found for three further recombination patterns. Of the 19 firm or tentative recombination patterns detected within and between strain groups of BYMV, and with ClYVV, 12 involved a generalist group of isolates as a parent but none of the other BYMV groups acted as parents more than six times. These findings suggest that recombination played an important role in the evolution of BYMV strain groups that specialize in infecting particular groups of domesticated plants.

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