Diplodia Leaf Streak of Corn: A Diagnostic Guide

2021 ◽  
pp. PHP-01-21-0002-
Author(s):  
Nolan R. Anderson ◽  
Carl A. Bradley ◽  
Kiersten A. Wise
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Pathogen Identification ◽  
Foliar Disease ◽  
Foliar Diseases ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

The official common name of the foliar disease on corn is Diplodia leaf streak, often given the shorthand nomenclature DLS. The only known host of DLS is corn (Zea mays). The fungus that causes DLS is Stenocarpella macrospora (syn. Diplodia macrospora). DLS symptoms can be confused with several common foliar diseases of corn. This guide details symptoms and signs, as well as pathogen identification.

scholarly journals Natural Occurrence of Microsphaera pulchra and Phyllactinia guttata on Two Cornus Species

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leigh Ann Klein ◽  
Mark T. Windham ◽  
Robert N. Trigiano
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Cornus Florida ◽  
Supplementary Data ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Pathogen Identification ◽  
Foliar Disease ◽  
Histological Studies ◽  
Powdery Mildew Fungi

Powdery mildew has become a common foliar disease of Cornus florida and other dogwood species in the eastern United States during the last several years. This study was conducted to determine the identity of powdery mildew fungi on C. florida and C. amomum. Ascocarps of Microsphaera pulchra and Phyllactinia guttata occurred singly and together on both C. florida and C. amomum leaves. M. pulchra ascocarps occurred at a higher density than P. guttata ascocarps on C. florida leaves, whereas P. guttata ascocarps occurred more frequently than M. pulchra ascocarps on C. amomum leaves. Histological studies, however, did not provide supplementary data of infection by the powdery mildew species that occurred less frequently on the leaves of each dogwood species. M. pulchra did not penetrate the cells of C. amomum, and likewise P. guttata did not enter through stomata of C. florida leaves. The presence of ascocarps of both species was not the result of infection of the dogwoods by both pathogens. The ascocarps of M. pulchra probably became airborne and then settled on the C. amomum leaves. Similarly, the ascocarps of P. guttata landed on C. florida leaves. These results emphasize the importance of correct pathogen identification using several criteria such as ascocarp morphology, host-pathogen relationships, distribution of the pathogen, conidial morphology, and histology.

scholarly journals Yield of promising lines of peanut and resistance to Aspergillus flavus, aflatoxin, and foliar disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 306 ◽  
pp. 01031
Author(s):  
Joko Purnomo ◽  
Agustina Asri Rahmianna ◽  
Novita Nugrahaeni
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Condition ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
Resistant Cultivar ◽  
Foliar Disease ◽  
Foliar Diseases ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
New Cultivars

Peanut is a suitable media for Aspergillus flavus growth that produced secondary metabolite called aflatoxin. One strategy to obtain low A. flavus infection and aflatoxin contamination is growing resistant cultivar. The objective of research was to identify pod yields of genotypes and its resistance to A. flavus and foliar disease, and low aflatoxin contamination. The multi environmental trials were conducted at eight sites. The treatments were 10 promising lines, Kancil and Garuda Biga (check cultivars), and these were arranged in a RBD three replicates in each site. The genotypes were grown under optimal condition. The results indicated the average pod yield of nine lines were significantly 11.2-21.6% and 23.4-34.8% higher than those of Kancil and Garuda Biga, respectively. Despite highest pod productivity, G/GH502-00B-600-42-226-19 (3.09 tons) and Mj/G-00b-884-95-41 (3.06 tons) had higher score of foliar diseases than those of the check cultivars. Meanwhile MH/IC91278-99C-180-13-74 and LM/IC 87123-93-B-32 with 2.91 tons and 2.84 tons ha-1 had very low aflatoxin contamination (<0.5 ppb) and lower foliar diseases infection than those of check cultivars. MH/IC91278-99C-180-13-74 and LM/IC 87123-93-B-32 therefore were appropriate to be promoted as new cultivars with high pod yield, resistant to foliar disease and A. flavus, and low aflatoxin contamination.

Diagnostic Guide for Cucurbit Downy Mildew

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres Salcedo ◽  
Mary Hausbeck ◽  
Stacey Pigg ◽  
Lina M. Quesada-Ocampo
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Pseudoperonospora Cubensis ◽  
Pathogen Identification ◽  
Cucurbit Downy Mildew ◽  
Identification Evaluation ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

Cucurbit downy mildew caused by the oomycete Pseudoperonospora cubensis is the most devastating foliar disease on cultivated cucurbitaceous crops. Failure of host resistance in cucumber and previously effective fungicides has occurred in the last few years in the United States and Europe, making accurate and early diagnosis critical for timely disease management. The objective of this diagnostic guide is to describe the current taxonomy, host, geographic range, symptoms, and signs as well as effective techniques for pathogen identification, evaluation, isolation, and storage for P. cubensis.

scholarly journals Multi‐parental QTL mapping of resistance to white spot of maize ( Zea mays ) in southern Brazil and relationship to QTLs of other foliar diseases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Belén Kistner ◽  
Ana Luísa Galiano‐Carneiro ◽  
Bettina Kessel ◽  
Thomas Presterl ◽  
Thomas Miedaner
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Qtl Mapping ◽  
White Spot ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Foliar Diseases

Occurrence and Prevalence of Foliar Diseases on Blueberry in Georgia

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Scherm ◽  
A. T. Savelle ◽  
P. M. Brannen ◽  
G. Krewer
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Foliar Disease ◽  
Foliar Diseases ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Secondary Infections ◽  
Southern Highbush

Qualitative and quantitative information about the occurrence and prevalence of fungal species causing foliar diseases on blueberry in the southeastern United States is limited. To close this knowledge gap, a field survey was conducted in 2002 and 2003 involving a total of 177 samples (cultivar-site-year combinations) from plantings of rabbiteye and southern highbush blueberry cultivars in Georgia. Among eight cultivars, Powderblue was the least affected cultivar whereas Star had high foliar disease levels in both years. Averaged by cultivar and year, there was a significant positive correlation between defoliation and disease severity. Septoria leaf spot and Gloeosporium leaf spot were the most prevalent and most severe foliar diseases, occurring on > 30% of samples in both years. Pestalotia leaf spot, Phyllosticta leaf spot, and leaf rust occurred at intermediate prevalence levels. Among these three diseases, leaf rust was most severe (especially in 2003) whereas Pestalotia leaf spot was associated with secondary infections and occurred mostly on southern highbush cultivars. Algal leaf spot and powdery mildew occurred infrequently and inconsistently. More than 70% of leaf samples, especially from the rabbiteye cultivars, showed symptoms of non-pathogenic leaf damage. The foliar disease complex on blueberry in Georgia is considerably more diverse than previously appreciated. Accepted for publication 31 January 2008. Published 21 April 2008.

Relative resistance, associated yield losses and phyto-oestrogen production from fungal foliar diseases in new and old annual Medicago cultivars

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 441 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Barbetti
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Susceptible Cultivar ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Relative Resistance ◽  
Foliar Disease ◽  
Foliar Diseases ◽  
Herbage Yield ◽  
Stems And Leaves ◽  
Annual Medicago

The relative resistance, associated herbage and seed yield losses and phyto-oestrogen production from fungal foliar diseases in two new annual Medicago cultivars, viz. M. sphaerocarpos cv. Orion and M. truncatula cv. Caliph, were compared with those of four old cultivars, viz. M. murex cv. Zodiac, M. polymorpha var. brevispina cw. Santiago and Circle Valley, and M. truncatula cv. Cyprus. Orion was much more resistant to Phoma stem disease than Circle Valley and Santiago, but was more susceptible than Zodiac. However, Orion was the most susceptible cultivar to Phoma leaf disease. Orion and Caliph were susceptible to Leptosphaerulina stem disease, resembling Santiago, but much more susceptible than Circle Valley and Zodiac. Caliph was comparable with Cyprus with moderate susceptibility to both Phoma and Leptosphaerulina on stems. Both Caliph and Cyprus were resistant to Pseudopeziza. In mid-October and early November, foliar diseases reduced overall herbage yield of the six varieties by 16.2 and 20.3% respectively, compared with the fungicide-treated plots of the same cultivars. Foliar diseases reduced seed yield by 37.3%, and mean seed weight by 13- 7% compared with fungicide treated plots. Foliar disease in the disease block increased the content of the phyto-oestrogen coumestrol in stems from 230 to 500 ppm and in pods from 30 to 130 ppm, compared with the fungicide block. There was a positive correlation between the severity of Phoma on stems and leaves and the level of coumestrol in stems and pods. Orion produced large amounts of coumestrol in stems and pods in response to foliar diseases (e.g. 470 ppm in stems) but less than Zodiac. Caliph also produced large amounts of coumestrol in stems and pods in response to foliar diseases (e.g. 230 ppm in stems), and was similar to Cyprus but had less coumestrol than all other cultivars tested (stems) or Zodiac, Circle Valley and Santiago (pods). Orion carried the highest level of P. medicaginis seed contamination (28%), followed by Santiago (15%), Cyprus (11%), Circle Valley (l0%), Zodiac (10%) and Caliph (6%).

scholarly journals Turcicum Leaf Blight: A Ubiquitous Foliar Disease of Maize (Zea mays L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 825-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Singh Jakhar ◽  
Rajesh Singh ◽  
Saket Kumar Pargat Singh ◽  
Vivek Ojha
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Foliar Disease

Ultrastructure of Plant Leaf Tissue Infected with Mite-Borne Viral-Like Pathogens

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 178-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. E. Bradfute ◽  
R. E. Whitmoyer ◽  
L. R. Nault
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Microscope Study ◽  
Electron Microscope Study ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Leaf Ultrastructure ◽  
Double Membrane ◽  
Aceria Tulipae

A pathogen transmitted by the eriophyid mite, Aceria tulipae, infects a number of Gramineae producing symptoms similar to wheat spot mosaic virus (1). An electron microscope study of leaf ultrastructure from systemically infected Zea mays, Hordeum vulgare, and Triticum aestivum showed the presence of ovoid, double membrane bodies (0.1 - 0.2 microns) in the cytoplasm of parenchyma, phloem and epidermis cells (Fig. 1 ).

Identification of maize mosaic virus by immunoelectron microscopy

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 240-241
Author(s):  
O. E. Bradfute
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Immunoelectron Microscopy ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Maize Mosaic Virus ◽  
The World ◽  
Plant Rhabdovirus

Maize mosaic virus (MMV) causes a severe disease of Zea mays in many tropical and subtropical regions of the world, including the southern U.S. (1-3). Fig. 1 shows internal cross striations of helical nucleoprotein and bounding membrane with surface projections typical of many plant rhabdovirus particles including MMV (3). Immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) was investigated as a method for identifying MMV. Antiserum to MMV was supplied by Ramon Lastra (Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas, Caracas, Venezuela).

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