Occurrence and Prevalence of Foliar Diseases on Blueberry in Georgia

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Scherm ◽  
A. T. Savelle ◽  
P. M. Brannen ◽  
G. Krewer
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Foliar Disease ◽  
Foliar Diseases ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Secondary Infections ◽  
Southern Highbush

Qualitative and quantitative information about the occurrence and prevalence of fungal species causing foliar diseases on blueberry in the southeastern United States is limited. To close this knowledge gap, a field survey was conducted in 2002 and 2003 involving a total of 177 samples (cultivar-site-year combinations) from plantings of rabbiteye and southern highbush blueberry cultivars in Georgia. Among eight cultivars, Powderblue was the least affected cultivar whereas Star had high foliar disease levels in both years. Averaged by cultivar and year, there was a significant positive correlation between defoliation and disease severity. Septoria leaf spot and Gloeosporium leaf spot were the most prevalent and most severe foliar diseases, occurring on > 30% of samples in both years. Pestalotia leaf spot, Phyllosticta leaf spot, and leaf rust occurred at intermediate prevalence levels. Among these three diseases, leaf rust was most severe (especially in 2003) whereas Pestalotia leaf spot was associated with secondary infections and occurred mostly on southern highbush cultivars. Algal leaf spot and powdery mildew occurred infrequently and inconsistently. More than 70% of leaf samples, especially from the rabbiteye cultivars, showed symptoms of non-pathogenic leaf damage. The foliar disease complex on blueberry in Georgia is considerably more diverse than previously appreciated. Accepted for publication 31 January 2008. Published 21 April 2008.

Effect of tillage and crop rotation on root and foliar diseases of wheat and pea in Saskatchewan from 1991 to 1998: Univariate and multivariate analyses

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 789-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Bailey ◽  
B. D. Gossen ◽  
G. P. Lafond ◽  
P. R. Watson ◽  
D. A. Derksen
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Crop Diversity ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Foliar Diseases

Disease severity and incidence of fungal species on wheat and pea were evaluated under zero, minimum, and conventional tillage in three rotations with increasing broad-leaved crop diversity from 1991 to 1998 at Indian Head, SK. The objective was to determine whether differences in crop rotation and crop residue at the soil surface would increase crop disease problems. Rotation and tillage had little impact on disease relative to the environment. Reduced tillage did not substantially increase disease severity from leaf spot diseases of wheat or on diseases of field pea. However, the relative importance of root pathogens of wheat was affected; under reduced tillage Bipolaris sorokiniana and Gaeumannomyces graminis decreased, but Fusarium spp. increased on wheat roots. These changes did not affect overall root severity or yield. Rotations had limited impact on wheat disease severity and the prevalence of fungal species, but wheat grown in diversified crop rotations using cereal, pea and flax had consistently higher yields than wheat following wheat. Growing wheat after summerfallow or pea reduced foliar diseases of wheat compared with wheat after wheat. Increased crop diversity in rotations reduced populations of B. sorokiniana, Septoria tritici, and Stagonospora nodorum in wheat leaves and roots, but growing wheat after flax increased the incidence of Fusariumspp. in wheat roots. Key words: Rotation, tillage, root rot, leaf spot, Triticum aestivum, Pisum sativum

In situ microprobe quantitation of inorganic particle burden in paraffin sections of lung tissue

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 990-991
Author(s):  
Jerrold L. Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Particulate Material ◽  
Paraffin Sections ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Past ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Data Result

Inorganic particulate material of diverse types is present in the ambient and occupational environment, and exposure to such materials is a well recognized cause of some lung disease. To investigate the interaction of inhaled inorganic particulates with the lung it is necessary to obtain quantitative information on the particulate burden of lung tissue in a wide variety of situations. The vast majority of diagnostic and experimental tissue samples (biopsies and autopsies) are fixed with formaldehyde solutions, dehydrated with organic solvents and embedded in paraffin wax. Over the past 16 years, I have attempted to obtain maximal analytical use of such tissue with minimal preparative steps. Unique diagnostic and research data result from both qualitative and quantitative analyses of sections. Most of the data has been related to inhaled inorganic particulates in lungs, but the basic methods are applicable to any tissues. The preparations are primarily designed for SEM use, but they are stable for storage and transport to other laboratories and several other instruments (e.g., for SIMS techniques).

scholarly journals Molecular Phylogenetic Diversity and Biological Characterization of Diaporthe Species Associated with Leaf Spots of Camellia sinensis in Taiwan

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1434
Author(s):  
Hiran A. Ariyawansa ◽  
Ichen Tsai ◽  
Jian-Yuan Wang ◽  
Patchareeya Withee ◽  
Medsaii Tanjira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Tea Leaves ◽  
Phenotypic Characters ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

Camellia sinensis is one of the major crops grown in Taiwan and has been widely cultivated around the island. Tea leaves are prone to various fungal infections, and leaf spot is considered one of the major diseases in Taiwan tea fields. As part of a survey on fungal species causing leaf spots on tea leaves in Taiwan, 19 fungal strains morphologically similar to the genus Diaporthe were collected. ITS (internal transcribed spacer), tef1-α (translation elongation factor 1-α), tub2 (beta-tubulin), and cal (calmodulin) gene regions were used to construct phylogenetic trees and determine the evolutionary relationships among the collected strains. In total, six Diaporthe species, including one new species, Diaporthe hsinchuensis, were identified as linked with leaf spot of C. sinensis in Taiwan based on both phenotypic characters and phylogeny. These species were further characterized in terms of their pathogenicity, temperature, and pH requirements under laboratory conditions. Diaporthe tulliensis, D. passiflorae, and D. perseae were isolated from C. sinensis for the first time. Furthermore, pathogenicity tests revealed that, with wound inoculation, only D. hongkongensis was pathogenic on tea leaves. This investigation delivers the first assessment of Diaporthe taxa related to leaf spots on tea in Taiwan.

scholarly journals Land Saturation in SE Niger: Triangulating Qualitative and Quantitative Information for Critical Assessment of Land Use Trajectories

Land ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 508-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anette Reenberg ◽  
Issoufou Maman ◽  
Ibrahim Bouzou Moussa ◽  
Bjarne Fog
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative

Peanut Web Blotch: I. Cultural Characteristics and Identity of Causal Fungus1

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Taber ◽  
R. E. Pettit ◽  
G. L. Philley
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Cultural Characteristics ◽  
Foliar Disease ◽  
The Usa

Abstract A foliar disease of peanuts, previously unreported in the USA, was found in Texas in 1972. The pathogen was identified as a species of Ascochyta. Further cultural studies have revealed this fungus to be Phoma arachidicola Marasas, Pauer, and Boerema. Pycnidia form profusely at 20 C and 25 C. Pycnidiospores are borne on short pycnidiosphores and are predominantly one-celled in culture. Spores produced in pycnidia on infected leaflets become 1 septate. Large 1-septate spores, as well as an occasional 2-septate spore, may form in culture. Optimum temperature for mycelial growth in 20 C; little or no growth occurs at 5 C or above 30 C. The teleomorphic state develops in the field on fallen leaflets and can be induced to form in the laboratory on sterilized peanut leaflets between 15 and 20 C. Cultures derived from single ascospores form pseudothecia. Pycnidiospores, ascospores, and chlamydospores are all infective units. Because this fungus produces hyaline ascospores and pseudoparaphyses, it has been transferred to the genus Didymella as Didymella arachidicola (Choch.) comb. nov. Comparisons with 15 isolates causing web blotch of peanut in the USA, Argentina, and South Africa indicate that web blotch symptoms are produced by the same fungal species.

scholarly journals Differences between the Leaf Mycobiome of Coffea arabica and Wild Coffee Species and Their Modulation by Caffeine/Chlorogenic Acid Content

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2296
Author(s):  
Leandro Pio de Sousa ◽  
Oliveiro Guerreiro Filho ◽  
Jorge Maurício Costa Mondego
Keyword(s):  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Its Sequencing ◽  
Wild Coffee ◽  
The Relationship

The study of microbes associated with the coffee tree has been gaining strength in recent years. In this work, we compared the leaf mycobiome of the traditional crop Coffea arabica with wild species Coffea racemosa and Coffea stenophylla using ITS sequencing for qualitative information and real-time PCR for quantitative information, seeking to relate the mycobiomes with the content of caffeine and chlorogenic acid in leaves. Dothideomycetes, Wallemiomycetes, and Tremellomycetes are the dominant classes of fungi. The core leaf mycobiome among the three Coffea species is formed by Hannaella, Cladosporium, Cryptococcus, Erythrobasidium, and Alternaria. A network analysis showed that Phoma, an important C. arabica pathogen, is negatively related to six fungal species present in C. racemosa and C. stenophylla and absent in C. arabica. Finally, C. arabica have more than 35 times the concentration of caffeine and 2.5 times the concentration of chlorogenic acid than C. stenophylla and C. racemosa. The relationship between caffeine/chlorogenic acid content, the leaf mycobiome, and genotype pathogen resistance is discussed.

scholarly journals Evolución del sector servicios de alojamiento y restauración y su contribución al desarrollo económico de Ayangue, Provincia de Santa Elena

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
Sabina Villón Perero ◽  
Brusela Vásquez Farfán ◽  
Tannia Aguirre Suárez
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Community Development ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Economic Study ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Santa Elena ◽  
Social Level

Las actividades turísticas, en especial los servicios de alojamiento y restauración han mantenido una importante participación en la economía del Ecuador durante los últimos años, a partir de esta premisa se consideró relevante realizar el presente estudio que consiste en el análisis de la evolución del sector en mención y su contribución al desarrollo económico de la comuna Ayangue ubicada en la provincia de Santa Elena. Para ejecutar la investigación de campo se tomó una muestra de establecimientos dedicados a las mencionadas actividades, así como también se realizó un estudio socioeconómico mediante la aplicación de  encuestas y entrevistas las mismas que permitieron  obtener información cualitativa y cuantitativa, cuyos resultados evidenciaron cómo ha  evolucionado este sector y el impacto que ha generado en el desarrollo de la comunidad a través del tiempo, los mismos que reflejaron el incentivo de emprendimientos, la  generación de plazas de trabajo y el mejoramiento del nivel económico y social de los comuneros.  AbstractTourist activities, specially Accommodation and provision of food and beverages services, have had an important participation in the economy of Ecuador in the last years, based on this premise it was considered relevant to carry out the present study, which is an analysis of the sector in question and their contribution to economic development of the Ayangue Commune, in Province of Santa Elena. For perform field investigations, it took a sample of establishments and was performed a socio-economic study, using surveys and interviews, which they allowed to obtain qualitative and quantitative information, whose results showed the evolution of this sector and the impact generated in the community development through time, resulting incentive enterprises, generating jobs and improving the economic and social level of the community members. 

scholarly journals Tariffs and the textile trade between Brazil and Britain (1808-1860)

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-342
Author(s):  
Thales Augusto Zamberlan Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Institutional Changes ◽  
Product Price ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Textile Trade ◽  
Monetary Instability

Abstract The commercial treaty with Britain in 1810, along the authorization of foreign trade in ports in 1808, are among the most important institutional changes in nineteenth century Brazil. The 1810 treaty lowered tariffs for British manufactures while maintaining high tariffs in Britain for Brazilian sugar and coffee. These terms are generally viewed as disastrous for the Brazilian economy, although there is still limited quantitative information about how much the tariff affected the demand for British imports. This paper provides new qualitative and quantitative evidence on the operation and effect of Brazil’s imports tariffs in the period. I find that the effect of the tariffs is different from what traditional literature assumes. First, the monetary instability in the 1820s and conflicts over product price assessment often led the de facto tariff to be higher than the 15 percent established by the treaty. Second, even with higher rates, quantitative analysis shows they did not have decrease imports of British textiles.

scholarly journals Stagonosporopsis pogostemonis: A Novel Ascomycete Fungus Causing Leaf Spot and Stem Blight on Pogostemon cablin (Lamiaceae) in South China

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1093
Author(s):  
Zhang-Yong Dong ◽  
Ying-Hua Huang ◽  
Ishara S. Manawasinghe ◽  
Dhanushka N. Wanasinghe ◽  
Jia-Wei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
South China ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
Stem Blight ◽  
Southern Chinese ◽  
Pogostemon Cablin

Pogostemon cablin is one of the well-known Southern Chinese medicinal plants with detoxification, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, and other pharmacological functions. Identification and characterization of phytopathogens on P. cablin are of great significance for the prevention and control of diseases. From spring to summer of 2019 and 2020, a leaf spot disease on Pogostemon cablin was observed in Guangdong Province, South China. The pathogen was isolated and identified based on both morphological and DNA molecular approaches. The molecular identification was conducted using multi-gene sequence analysis of large subunit (LSU), the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS), beta-tubulin (β-tubulin), and RNA polymerase II (rpb2) genes. The causal organism was identified as Stagonosporopsis pogostemonis, a novel fungal species. Pathogenicity of Stagonosporopsis pogostemonis on P. cablin was fulfilled via confining the Koch's postulates, causing leaf spots and stem blight disease. This is the first report of leaf spot diseases on P. cablin caused by Stagonosporopsis species worldwide.

scholarly journals Information and communication technologies and gender in climate change and green economy: Situating women’s opportunities and challenges in Zambian policies and strategies

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Justina Namukombo
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
And Gender

Zambia’s 2012 report on the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (RIO +20) identifies existing opportunities on the country’s transitioning to green economy. The RIO +20 conference of 2012 has resulted in new momentum in addressing problems of sustainable development. However, this article argues that there are practical challenges that require paying attention to, especially those involving women. The article addressed one key question: To what extent can women participate in the transitioning process to green economy in Zambia and what opportunities and challenges exists? The study used document analysis to answer the above question. National policy documents were reviewed to understand interventions on environmental management. Whilst going through the documents, the study used gender analysis frameworks (education, skills, roles in family and society, access to infrastructure) to bring out qualitative and quantitative information on women. Using suggested green economy interventions in the literature as benchmark, qualitative analysis was used to project possible participation of women in green economy activities and possible challenges to be faced. The study found that participation of women will be limited despite existing opportunities because of challenges of access to information and communication technology infrastructures, low educational levels and skills and financial constraints. As Zambia undergoes a transitioning process, these limitations should be addressed in planned green economy policies and interventions to maximise benefits.Keywords: Green economy; Gender; Policies; Strategies; ICT; Zambia

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