Management of Leaf Rust and Stripe Rust in Hard Red Spring Wheat at Different Timings of Disease Onset

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 306-311
Author(s):  
Bryn Evin ◽  
Scott Meyer ◽  
Casey Schuh ◽  
Sam Haugen ◽  
Jessica Halvorson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Fungicide Application

Stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) and leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) can cause significant yield reductions to hard red spring wheat (HRSW) in North Dakota (ND). The use of host resistance and fungicides can successfully manage this disease. However, the combination of them may not be appropriate every year. From 2016 to 2018, fungicide timing by cultivar experiments were conducted to update recommendations for rust management. Experiments were designed in a randomized complete block with a split-plot arrangement. Main plots included three HRSW cultivars that were moderately resistant, moderately susceptible, and susceptible. Subplots included the fungicide timings of Feekes 9, Feekes 10.5.1, a sequential application, and a nontreated control. Field experiments were categorized into three environments depending on rust onset and disease progress. When rust was detected at early heading, the susceptible cultivar benefited from all fungicide application timings. The detection of rust at tillering leaf stages suggested that fungicide treatments statistically lowered disease and in most cases had statistically higher yield, regardless of host resistance. These results suggest that the benefit from a fungicide application to manage leaf rust and stripe rust is highly influenced by the timing of disease onset and level of host resistance. Results will improve fungicide suggestions for HRSW producers in ND.

scholarly journals First Detection in North America of Virulence in Wheat Leaf Rust (Puccinia triticina) to Seedling Plants of Wheat with Lr21

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (8) ◽  
pp. 1032-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Kolmer ◽  
J. A. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
North Dakota ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Wheat Leaf Rust ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Leaf ◽  
Red Winter Wheat

Leaf rust resistance gene Lr21 is present in hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars grown in Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan. Isolates of Puccinia triticina, the causal organism of wheat leaf rust, with virulence to this gene have not been previously detected in annual virulence surveys in the United States. (2). In 2010, hard red spring wheat cvs. Faller, RB07 (1), and Glenn, all with Lr21, had 0 to 5% levels of leaf rust severity, which was higher than in previous years in research plots in North Dakota and Minnesota. Leaf rust collections from wheat cultivars and germplasm lines with Lr21 at three locations in Minnesota and North Dakota were increased on plants of the leaf rust susceptible wheat Thatcher and the Thatcher line with Lr21. Single uredinia from the collections were isolated and increased on seedlings of Thatcher. The single uredinial isolates were inoculated to 7- to 8-day-old seedling plants of the set of 19 differential lines that are currently used in the leaf rust virulence surveys (2). Thatcher lines with Lr3bg, Lr14b, Lr20, and Lr23 were also tested. The isolates were also inoculated to seedling plants of hard red spring wheat cultivars with Lr21: Glenn, Steele-ND, Faller, RB07, Amidon, AC Cora, and McKenzie (3). Previous standardized methods for growing seedling plants, increase of rust isolates, inoculation, incubation, and evaluation of infection types (IT) were used (2). All tests with the Thatcher differential lines and the cultivars with Lr21 were repeated at least twice. Virulence phenotypes were described based on virulence to the 19 differentials in the P. triticina virulence nomenclature system used in the United States. (2). Two virulence phenotypes, TFBJQ and TFBGQ, with virulence to Lr21 were found at the three locations. TFBJQ is virulent (IT 3 to 4) to genes Lr1, 2a, 2c, 3, 10, 14a, 14b, 20, 21, 24, 26, 28, and avirulent (IT 0 to 2+) to genes Lr3ka, Lr3bg, Lr9, Lr11, Lr17, Lr18, Lr30, LrB, and Lr39/41. TFBGQ was avirulent to Lr14a and Lr20, but identical to TFBJQ for virulence and avirulence to the other resistance genes. Isolates of both phenotypes were virulent on seedlings of Faller, Glenn, RB07 (1), Steele-ND, AC Cora, and Amidon. McKenzie had IT of 2+ due to the additional presence of Lr16 (3). Both TFBJQ and TFBGQ have intermediate IT of 2+ to Lr16; IT 2+3 to Lr23, and are completely virulent to Lr1, Lr2a, and Lr10 that are present in hard red spring wheat cultivars. Both phenotypes have high IT to Lr24 and Lr26 that are present in soft red winter wheat and hard red winter wheat cultivars. The Lr21 virulent phenotypes likely arose by mutation from the group of P. triticina genotypes in the simple sequence repeat group NA-5 (4) that have intermediate IT of ;2- to ;2+ to the Thatcher line with Lr21. P. triticina isolates with virulence to Lr21 are a new threat to wheat production since in 2010 more than 50% of the hard red spring wheat acreage in Minnesota and North Dakota relied on Lr21 for effective resistance to leaf rust. References: (1) J. A. Anderson et al. J. Plant Regist. 3:175, 2009. (2) J. A. Kolmer et al. Plant Dis. 94:775, 2010. (3) B. McCallum and P. Seto-Goh. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 32:387, 2010. (4) M. E. Ordoñez and J. A. Kolmer. Phytopathology 99:750, 2009.

scholarly journals Development and molecular characterization of wheat-Aegilops peregrina Introgression Lines with resistance to leaf rust and stripe rust

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepika Narang ◽  
Satinder Kaur ◽  
Jyoti Saini ◽  
Parveen Chhuneja
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Introgression Lines ◽  
Stripe Rust Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Plant Stage

AbstractA wild non-progenitor species from wheat tertiary gene pool Aegilops peregrina accession pau3519 (UUSS) was used for introgression of leaf rust and stripe rust resistance in bread wheat. It was crossed and backcrossed with hexaploid wheat line Chinese Spring PhI to develop two homozygous BC2F6 wheat-Ae. peregrina introgression lines (ILs) viz. IL pau16058 and IL pau16061 through induced homoeologous recombination. Homozygous lines were screened against six Puccinia triticina and two Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici pathotypes at the seedling stage and a mixture of prevalent pathotypes of both rust pathogens at the adult plant stage. IL pau16061 showed resistance to leaf rust only while IL pau16058 was resistant to both leaf and stripe rust pathotypes throughout plant life. Molecular characterization of these ILs aided in defining the introgressed regions. Identification of linked markers with advance genomic technologies will aid in marker assisted pyramiding of alien genes in cultivated wheat background.

Characterization of genetic loci conferring adult plant resistance to leaf rust and stripe rust in spring wheat

Genome ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 977-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
H M William ◽  
R P Singh ◽  
J Huerta-Espino ◽  
G Palacios ◽  
K Suenaga
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Bulked Segregant Analysis ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Single Chromosome ◽  
Slow Rusting

Leaf (brown) and stripe (yellow) rusts, caused by Puccinia triticina and Puccinia striiformis, respectively, are fungal diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum) that cause significant yield losses annually in many wheat-growing regions of the world. The objectives of our study were to characterize genetic loci associated with resistance to leaf and stripe rusts using molecular markers in a population derived from a cross between the rust-susceptible cultivar 'Avocet S' and the resistant cultivar 'Pavon76'. Using bulked segregant analysis and partial linkage mapping with AFLPs, SSRs and RFLPs, we identified 6 independent loci that contributed to slow rusting or adult plant resistance (APR) to the 2 rust diseases. Using marker information available from existing linkage maps, we have identified additional markers associated with resistance to these 2 diseases and established several linkage groups in the 'Avocet S' × 'Pavon76' population. The putative loci identified on chromosomes 1BL, 4BL, and 6AL influenced resistance to both stripe and leaf rust. The loci on chromosomes 3BS and 6BL had significant effects only on stripe rust, whereas another locus, characterized by AFLP markers, had minor effects on leaf rust only. Data derived from Interval mapping indicated that the loci identified explained 53% of the total phenotypic variation (R2) for stripe rust and 57% for leaf rust averaged across 3 sets of field data. A single chromosome recombinant line population segregating for chromosome 1B was used to map Lr46/Yr29 as a single Mendelian locus. Characterization of slow-rusting genes for leaf and stripe rust in improved wheat germplasm would enable wheat breeders to combine these additional loci with known slow-rusting loci to generate wheat cultivars with higher levels of slow-rusting resistance.Key words: Puccinia triticina, Puccinia striiformis, Triticum aestivum, bulked segregant analysis, single chromosome recombinant lines, linkage mapping, adult plant resistance.

scholarly journals QTL Mapping of Adult-Plant Resistance to Leaf and Stripe Rust in Wheat Cross SW 8588/Thatcher using the Wheat 55K SNP Array

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (12) ◽  
pp. 3041-3049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peipei Zhang ◽  
Xing Li ◽  
Takele-Weldu Gebrewahid ◽  
Hexing Liu ◽  
Xianchun Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Snp Array ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Sichuan Province ◽  
Adult Plant

Wheat leaf rust (caused by Puccinia triticina) and stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) cause large production losses in many regions of the world. The objective of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance to leaf rust and stripe rust in a recombinant inbred line population derived from a cross between wheat cultivars SW 8588 and Thatcher. The population and parents were genotyped with the Wheat 55K SNP Array and SSR markers and phenotyped for leaf rust severity at Zhoukou in Henan Province and Baoding in Hebei Province. Stripe rust responses were also evaluated at Chengdu in Sichuan Province, and at Baoding. Seven and six QTL were detected for resistance to leaf rust and stripe rust, respectively. Four QTL on chromosomes 1BL, 2AS, 5AL, and 7BL conferred resistance to both rusts. The QTL on 1BL and 2AS were identified as Lr46/Yr29 and Lr37/Yr17, respectively. QLr.hebau-2DS from Thatcher, identified as Lr22b that was previously thought to be ineffective in China, contributed a large effect for leaf rust resistance. QLr.hebau-5AL/QYr.hebau-5AL, QLr.hebau-3BL, QLr.hebau-6DS, QYr.hebau-4BS, and QYr.hebau-6DS are likely to be new QTL, but require further validation. Kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) markers for QLr.hebau-2DS and QLr.hebau-5AL/QYr.hebau-5AL were successfully developed and validated in a diverse wheat panel from Sichuan Province, indicating their usefulness under different genetic backgrounds. These QTL and their closely linked SNP and SSR markers will be useful for fine mapping, candidate gene discovery, and marker-assisted selection in breeding for durable resistance to both leaf and stripe rusts.

Kenyon hard red spring wheat

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1165-1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Hughes ◽  
P. Hucl
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Breeding Method ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Wide Adaptation ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
The University

Kenyon hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) possesses excellent resistance to leaf rust and stem rust. Kenyon was developed using the backcross breeding method, resulting in the recovery of the maturity and wide adaptation of its recurrent parent Neepawa. Kenyon was developed at the University of Saskatchewan. Key words: Cultivar description, leaf rust, Triticum aestivum L., spring wheat

scholarly journals Improved Evaluation of Wheat Cultivars (Lines) on Resistance to Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici Using Molecular Disease Index

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 1206-1212
Author(s):  
Bingyao Chu ◽  
Lujia Yang ◽  
Cuicui Wang ◽  
Yilin Gu ◽  
Kai Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latent Period ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Disease Index ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Wheat Stripe Rust

Wheat stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat worldwide. Sichuan Province plays an important role in interregional epidemics in China. Application of host resistance is important in disease management, and efficient approaches to evaluate resistance level are necessary to obtain useful varieties. In this study, 100 wheat cultivars (lines) growing in Sichuan were selected to evaluate their resistance to stripe rust. Field experiments were conducted with a mixture of three P. striiformis f. sp. tritici races for inoculations at seeding and adult stages in the 2014 to 2015 season and the 2016 to 2017 season. Leaf samplings were conducted four times during the latent period at early growth stage of wheat. The sampled leaves were processed to extract DNA. The DNA of both wheat and P. striiformis f. sp. tritici was quantified using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and the molecular disease index (MDI) was used to evaluate the resistance level. The area under the disease progress curve in terms of disease index (AUDPC-DI) was obtained for each studied cultivar (line) in the fields. Among the 100 studied cultivars (lines), 61% of them showed seedling resistance, and 63 and 65% showed adult resistance in the 2014 to 2015 and 2016 to 2017 seasons, respectively, based on the infection type. High consistency in resistance grouping by cluster analysis as the percentage of the studied cultivar (line) belonging to the same group based on AUDPC-DI data and based on MDI data was obtained. The correlations between AUDPC-DI and MDI from samples collected on 9 and 14 or 15 days after inoculation during the latent period were all significant at P < 0.01. This study provided a new and efficient method for evaluation of varietal resistance to wheat stripe rust.

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