Confirmation of Shattercane (Sorghum bicolor) Resistance to ALS-Inhibiting Herbicides in Ohio

2002 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Traci L. Brenly-Bultemeier ◽  
Jeff Stachler ◽  
S. Kent Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Als Inhibitors ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

A population of shattercane (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) located in Fairfield County, Ohio, was investigated for herbicide resistance after it persisted in a field that had been treated repeatedly with herbicides that inhibit acetolactate synthase (ALS). Herbicide bioassays confirmed cross-resistance of the suspected resistant (R) population to the ALS inhibitors nicosulfuron, primisulfuron, and imazethapyr. Herbicide doses required to reduce R shattercane shoot dry weight 50% (i.e., the GR50 values) were > 35,000, > 40,000, and 34,215 g ai/ha for nicosulfuron, primisulfuron, and imazethapyr, respectively. In contrast, GR50 values for the same herbicides applied to a susceptible (S) shattercane population from an adjacent county were 0.185, 0.025, and 0.038 g/ha, respectively. The high levels of resistance exhibited by the R population suggest that the resistance mechanism is due to one or more alterations in ALS, the herbicide target site. Effective management of ALS herbicide-resistant shattercane will require an integrated strategy designed to isolate the R population and deplete its soil seed bank while minimizing herbicide selection pressure. Accepted for publication 14 October 2002. Published 21 October 2002.

The Evidence for Reduced Glyphosate Efficacy on Acetolactate Synthase–Inhibiting Herbicide-Resistant Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus)

Weed Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-398
Author(s):  
Parsa Tehranchian ◽  
Jason K. Norsworthy ◽  
Matheus Palhano ◽  
Nicholas E. Korres ◽  
Scott McElroy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Epsps Gene ◽  
Treated Leaf ◽  
Als Inhibitors

A yellow nutsedge biotype (Res) from an Arkansas rice field has evolved resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides. TheResbiotype previously exhibited cross-resistance to ALS inhibitors from four chemical families (imidazolinone, pyrimidinyl benzoate, sulfonylurea, and triazolopyrimidine). Experiments were conducted to evaluate alternative herbicides (i.e., glyphosate, bentazon, propanil, quinclorac, and 2,4-D) currently labeled in Arkansas rice–soybean production systems. Based on the percentage of aboveground dry weight reduction, control of the yellow nutsedge biotypes with the labeled rate of bentazon, propanil, quinclorac, and 2,4-D was < 44%. Glyphosate (867 g ae ha−1) resulted in 68 and > 94% control of theResand susceptible yellow nutsedge biotypes, respectively, at 28 d after treatment. Dose-response studies were conducted to estimate the efficacy of glyphosate on theResbiotype, three susceptible yellow nutsedge biotypes, and purple nutsedge. Based on the dry weights, theResbiotype was ≥ 5- and ≥ 1.3-fold less responsive to glyphosate compared to the susceptible biotypes and purple nutsedge, respectively. Differences in absorption and translocation of radiolabeled glyphosate were observed among the yellow nutsedge biotypes and purple nutsedge. The susceptible biotype had less14C-glyphosate radioactivity in the tissues above the treated leaf and greater radioactivity in tissues below the treated leaf compared to theResbiotype and purple nutsedge. Reduced translocation of glyphosate in tissues below the treated leaf of theResbiotype could be a reason for the lower glyphosate efficacy in theResbiotype. No amino acid substitution that would correspond to glyphosate resistance was found in the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene of theResbiotype. However, an amino acid (serine) addition was detected in the EPSPS gene of theResbiotype; albeit, it is not believed that this addition contributes to lower efficacy of glyphosate in this biotype.

Modelling the Effectiveness of Herbicide Rotations and Mixtures as Strategies to Delay or Preclude Resistance

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 186-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Gressel ◽  
Lee A. Segel
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme System ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Competitive Fitness ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Target Site Resistance ◽  
Herbicide Mixtures ◽  
Als Inhibitors ◽  
And Control ◽  
Single Enzyme

Herbicide-resistant populations have evolved only in monoculture and/or monoherbicide conditions at predictable rates for each compound and weed. No populations of triazine-resistant weeds have appeared in corn where rotations of crops and herbicides or herbicide mixtures were used. This is due to the greatly reduced competitive fitness of the resistant individuals, which could be expressed only during rotational cycles, and also to the greater sensitivity of resistant individuals to other herbicides, pests, and control practices (“negative cross-resistance”). The model presented here describes how an understanding of all of these factors can provide strategies to decrease the frequency of the resistant individuals during rotation. Rotations or mixtures may not delay the rate of appearance of resistance to inhibitors of acetolactate synthase (ALS), where the fitness of resistant biotypes is claimed to be near normal. The best way to delay resistance to ALS inhibitors is to use those compounds with less persistence so that the selection pressure will be lowered. Too little is known about the frequency of resistance to other herbicides with target-site resistance–to dinitroanilines, to acetyl CoA carboxylase inhibitors, or to those situations where a single enzyme system confers resistance to a broad spectrum of seemingly unrelated herbicides.

Drought Resistance Mechanism and Adaptation to Water Stress in Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-172
Author(s):  
Rajani Verma ◽  
◽  
Ramesh Kumar ◽  
Dr. Anamika Nath ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Controlling Herbicide-Resistant Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) Phenotypes with Methiozolin

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 470-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
James T. Brosnan ◽  
Jose J. Vargas ◽  
Gregory K. Breeden ◽  
Sarah L. Boggess ◽  
Margaret A. Staton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Microtubule Inhibitors ◽  
Effective Option ◽  
Target Site Resistance ◽  
Susceptible Control ◽  
Als Inhibitors

Methiozolin is an isoxazoline herbicide being investigated for selective POST annual bluegrass control in managed turfgrass. Research was conducted to evaluate methiozolin efficacy for controlling two annual bluegrass phenotypes with target-site resistance to photosystem II (PSII) or enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS)-inhibiting herbicides (i.e., glyphosate), as well as phenotypes with multiple resistance to microtubule and EPSPS or PSII and acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides. All resistant phenotypes were established in glasshouse culture along with a known herbicide-susceptible control and treated with methiozolin at 0, 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, or 8000 g ai ha−1. Methiozolin effectively controlled annual bluegrass with target-site resistance to inhibitors of EPSPS, PSII, as well as multiple resistance to EPSPS and microtubule inhibitors. Methiozolin rates required to reduce aboveground biomass of these resistant phenotypes 50% (GR50 values) were not significantly different from the susceptible control, ranging from 159 to 421 g ha−1. A phenotype with target-site resistance to PSII and ALS inhibitors was less sensitive to methiozolin (GR50=862 g ha−1) than a susceptible phenotype (GR50=423 g ha−1). Our findings indicate that methiozolin is an effective option for controlling select annual bluegrass phenotypes with target-site resistance to several herbicides.

Continuous Use of Tribenuron-Methyl Selected for Cross-Resistance to Acetolactate Synthase–inhibiting Herbicides in Wild Mustard (Sinapis arvensis)

Weed Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 424-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javid Gherekhloo ◽  
Zahra M. Hatami ◽  
Ricardo Alcántara-de la Cruz ◽  
Hamid R. Sadeghipour ◽  
Rafael De Prado
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Sinapis Arvensis ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
Golestan Province ◽  
Tribenuron Methyl

AbstractWild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) is a weed that frequently infests winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) fields in Golestan province, Iran. Tribenuron-methyl (TM) has been used recurrently to control this species, thus selecting for resistant S. arvensis populations. The objectives were: (1) to determine the resistance level to TM of 14 putatively resistant (PR) S. arvensis populations, collected from winter wheat fields in Golestan province, Iran, in comparison to one susceptible (S) population; and (2) to characterize the resistance mechanisms and the potential evolution of cross-resistance to other classes of acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides in three populations (AL-3, G-5, and Ag-Sr) confirmed as being resistant (R) to TM. The TM doses required to reduce the dry weight of the PR populations by 50% were between 2.2 and 16.8 times higher than those needed for S plants. The ALS enzyme activity assays revealed that the AL-3, G-5, and Ag-Sr populations evolved cross-resistance to the candidate ALS-inhibiting herbicides from the sulfonylureas (SU), triazolopyrimidines (TP), pyrimidinyl-thiobenzoates (PTB), sulfonyl-aminocarbonyl-triazolinone (SCT), and imidazolinones (IMI) classes. No differences in absorption, translocation, or metabolism of [14C]TM between R and S plants were observed, suggesting that these non-target mechanisms were not responsible for the resistance. The ALS gene of the R populations contained the Trp-574-Leu mutation, conferring cross-resistance to the SU, SCT, PTB, TP, and IMI classes. The Trp-574-Leu mutation in the ALS gene conferred cross-resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides in S. arvensis from winter wheat fields in Golestan province. This is the first TM resistance case confirmed in this species in Iran.

Effects of CGA-43089 on Responses of Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor) to Metolachlor Combined by Ozone or Antioxidants

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kriton K. Hatzios
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Propyl Gallate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Additive Effect ◽  
Piperonyl Butoxide ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Combination Treatments

In greenhouse studies, the potential interactive effects of metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] treatments combined with the air pollutant ozone (O3) or the antioxidants, piperonyl butoxide {α-[2-butoxyethyl) ethoxy]-4,5-dimethylenedioxy-2-propyltoluene} andn-propyl gallate, on the growth of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench ‘Funk G522DR’] seedlings that were protected or unprotected with the antidote, CGA-43089 [α-(cyanomethoximino)-benzacetonitrile], were examined. Metolachlor was applied preplant incorporated at rates of 2.2, 3.9, and 5.6 kg/ha, and it was evaluated against fumigation with O3at 0.2 and 0.3 ppmv or against 4.9, 6.7, and 9.0 kg/ha of each antioxidant applied preplant incorporated. In combination treatments, shoot dry weight at 30 days after planting was reduced more than expected by metolachlor in the presence of the protectant CGA-43089 and ozone or some rates of the two antioxidants, suggesting synergism. In the absence of the protectant, CGA-43089, growth responses of sorghum to combination treatments of metolachlor with ozone or propyl gallate suggested an additive effect, although some treatments of metolachlor combined with piperonyl butoxide interacted synergistically.

In vitro and whole-plant magnitude and cross-resistance characterization of two imidazolinone-resistant sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris) somatic cell selections

Weed Science ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry R. Wright ◽  
Donald Penner
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Shoot Culture ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Shoot Cultures ◽  
Als Inhibitors ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Inhibitor Resistance ◽  
Als Inhibitor

Acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicide carryover in soil can severely affect sugarbeets grown in the year(s) following application. Two newly developed imidazolinone-resistant (IMI-R) sugarbeet somatic cell selections (Sir-13 and 93R30B) were examined for magnitude of resistance and extent of cross-resistance to other classes of ALS inhibitors and compared to a previously developed sulfonylurea-resistant (SU-R) selection, Sur. In vitro shoot culture tests indicated Sir-13 resistance was specific to imidazolinone (IMI) herbicides at approximately a 100-fold resistance compared to the sensitive control sugarbeet. Sur was 10,000-fold resistant to the sulfonylurea (SU) herbicide, chlorsulfuron, and 40-fold resistant to the triazolopyrimidine sulfonanilide (TP) herbicide, flumetsulam, but not cross-resistant to the IMI herbicides. 93R30B was selected for IMI-R from a plant homozygous for the SU-R allele,Sur, and displayed similar in vitro SU-R and TP-R as Sur, but also displayed a very high resistance to various IMI herbicides (400- to 3,600-fold). Compared to the sensitive control, Sir-13 was 300- and > 250-fold more resistant to imazethapyr and imazamox residues in soil, respectively. Response by whole plants to postemergence herbicide applications was similar to that observed in shoot cultures. Sir-13 exhibited > 100-fold resistance to imazethapyr as well as imazamox, and 93R30B showed > 250-fold resistance to both herbicides. 93R30B showed great enough resistance to imazamox to merit consideration of imazamox for use as a herbicide in these sugarbeets. Sir-13 showed a two- to threefold higher level of resistance in the homozygous vs. heterozygous state, indicating that like most ALS-inhibitor resistance traits, it was semidominantly inherited.

Herbicide resistance in China: a quantitative review

Weed Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 605-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangying Liu ◽  
Shihai Xiang ◽  
Tao Zong ◽  
Guolan Ma ◽  
Lamei Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Auxin Herbicides ◽  
Economic Boom ◽  
Meta Analyses

AbstractThe widespread, rapid evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds is a serious and escalating agronomic problem worldwide. During China’s economic boom, the country became one of the most important herbicide producers and consumers in the world, and herbicide resistance has dramatically increased in the past decade and has become a serious threat to agriculture. Here, following an evidence-based PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses) approach, we carried out a systematic review to quantitatively assess herbicide resistance in China. Multiple weed species, including 26, 18, 11, 9, 5, 5, 4, and 3 species in rice (Oryza sativa L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], corn (Zea mays L.), canola (Brassica napus L.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)., orchards, and peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) fields, respectively, have developed herbicide resistance. Acetolactate synthase inhibitors, acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors, and synthetic auxin herbicides are the most resistance-prone herbicides and are the most frequently used mechanisms of action, followed by 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase inhibitors and protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitors. The lack of alternative herbicides to manage weeds that exhibit cross-resistance or multiple resistance (or both) is an emerging issue and poses one of the greatest threats challenging the crop production and food safety both in China and globally.

scholarly journals Confirmation of S-metolachlor resistance in Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri)

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 720-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad Brabham ◽  
Jason K. Norsworthy ◽  
Michael M. Houston ◽  
Vijay K Varanasi ◽  
Tom Barber
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Amaranthus Palmeri ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Long Chain

AbstractS-Metolachlor is commonly used by soybean and cotton growers, especially with POST treatments for overlapping residuals, to obtain season-long control of glyphosate- and acetolactate synthase (ALS)–resistant Palmer amaranth. In Crittenden County, AR, reports of Palmer amaranth escapes following S-metolachlor treatment were first noted at field sites near Crawfordsville and Marion in 2016. Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted to confirm S-metolachlor resistance and to test for cross-resistance to other very-long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA)–inhibiting herbicides in Palmer amaranth accessions from Crawfordsville and Marion. Palmer amaranth control in the field (soil <3% organic matter) 14 d after treatment (DAT) was ≥94% with a 1× rate of acetochlor (1,472 g ai ha–1; emulsifiable concentrate formulation) and dimethenamid-P (631 g ai ha–1). However, S-metolachlor at 1,064 g ai ha–1 provided only 76% control, which was not significantly different from the 1/2× and 1/4× rates of dimethenamid-P and acetochlor (66% to 85%). In the greenhouse, Palmer amaranth accessions from Marion and Crawfordsville were 9.8 and 8.3 times more resistant to S-metolachlor compared with two susceptible accessions based on LD50 values obtained from dose–response experiments. Two-thirds and 1.5 times S-metolachlor at 1,064 g ha–1 were the estimated rates required to obtain 90% mortality of the Crawfordsville and Marion accessions, respectively. Data collected from the field and greenhouse confirm that these accessions have evolved a low level of resistance to S-metolachlor. In an agar-based assay, the level of resistance in the Marion accession was significantly reduced in the presence of a glutathione S-transferase (GST) inhibitor, suggesting that GSTs are the probable resistance mechanism. With respect to other VLCFA-inhibiting herbicides, Marion and Crawfordsville accessions were not cross-resistant to acetochlor, dimethenamid-P, or pyroxasulfone. However, both accessions, based on LD50 values obtained from greenhouse dose–response experiments, exhibited reduced sensitivity (1.5- to 3.6-fold) to the tested VLCFA-inhibiting herbicides.

Target site–based penoxsulam resistance in barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) from China

Weed Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiapeng Fang ◽  
Tingting Liu ◽  
Yuhua Zhang ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Liyao Dong
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Predicted Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Sequence Analyses ◽  
Als Inhibitors ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

AbstractBarnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.] is acknowledged to be the most troublesome weed in rice fields in Anhui and Jiangsu provinces of China. It cannot be effectively controlled using certain acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides, including penoxsulam. Echinochloa crus-galli samples with suspected resistance to penoxsulam were collected to identify the target site–based mechanism underlying this resistance. Populations AXXZ-2 and JNRG-2 showed 33- and 7.3-fold resistance to penoxsulam, respectively, compared with the susceptible JLGY-3 population. Cross-resistance to other ALS inhibitors was reported in AXXZ-2 but not in JNRG-2, and occasionally showed higher sensitivity than JLGY-3. In vitro ALS activity assays revealed that penoxsulam concentrations required to inhibit 50% of ALS activity were 11 and 5.2 times greater in AXXZ-2 and JNRG-2, respectively, than in JLGY-3. DNA and predicted amino acid sequence analyses of ALS revealed Ala-205-Val and Ala-122-Gly substitutions in AXXZ-2 and JNRG-2, respectively. Our results indicate that these substitutions in ALS are at least partially responsible for resistance to penoxsulam.

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