scholarly journals Phylogenetic Relationships of Xylella fastidiosa Strains Isolated from Landscape Ornamentals in Southern California

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 857-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rufina Hernandez-Martinez ◽  
Karla A. de la Cerda ◽  
Heather S. Costa ◽  
Donald A. Cooksey ◽  
Francis P. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Southern California ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Intergenic Spacer Region ◽  
Rapd Pcr ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Maidenhair Tree

Xylella fastidiosa is an insect-borne, xylem-limited pathogenic bacterium that has been associated with a rise in incidence of diseased landscape ornamentals in southern California. The objective of this study was to genetically characterize strains isolated from ornamental hosts to understand their distribution and identity. Strains of X. fastidiosa isolated from ornamentals were characterized using a multiprimer polymerase chain reaction (PCR) system, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR, and sequence analysis of the 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region (ISR). Based on RAPD-PCR and 16S-23S rDNA ISR, strains isolated from daylily, jacaranda, and magnolia clustered with members of X. fastidiosa subsp. sandyi and caused oleander leaf scorch but not Pierce's disease symptoms in glasshouse assays on oleander and grape, respectively. This demonstrated both that our groupings based on genetic characterization were valid and that strains of X. fastidiosa subsp. sandyi are present in hosts other than oleander. Strains isolated from Spanish broom, cherry, and one strain isolated from western redbud clustered with X. fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa members. Strains isolated from purple-leafed plum, olive, peach, plum, sweetgum, maidenhair tree, crape myrtle, and another western redbud strain clustered with members of X. fastidiosa subsp. multiplex. All strains isolated from mulberry and one from heavenly bamboo formed a separate cluster that has not yet been defined as a subspecies.

scholarly journals Discovery and Characterization of Xylella fastidiosa Strains in Southern California Causing Mulberry Leaf Scorch

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (9) ◽  
pp. 1143-1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hernandez-Martinez ◽  
T. R. Pinckard ◽  
H. S. Costa ◽  
D. A. Cooksey ◽  
F. P. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Southern California ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Leaf Scorch ◽  
Mulberry Leaf ◽  
White Mulberry

Mulberry leaf scorch (MLS), caused by Xylella fastidiosa, is a disease of mulberry trees in the United States that has largely been documented from locations in the eastern and central areas of the country. MLS was recently detected for the first time in white mulberry (Morus alba) trees in southern California. Four MLS-strains were isolated from two locations and confirmed as X. fastidiosa by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), direct isolation of the pathogen, and use of the X. fastidiosa-specific PCR primers RST31-33. Isolated strains were characterized by the sequencing of their 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer regions (ISR) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis and subsequent comparison with a previously characterized MLS-strain (Mulberry-VA) and representatives of X. fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa, X. fastidiosa subsp. multiplex, and X. fastidiosa subsp. sandyi. MLS-strains isolated from California were distinct from strains causing almond leaf scorch, oleander leaf scorch, and Pierce's disease and similar to the Mulberry-VA-strain. The ISR sequences of two MLS-strains, MLS063 and MLS059, were 100% identical to that of the Mulberry-VA sequence, whereas MLS012 and MLS024 were 99.8 and 99.6% identical to the Mulberry-VA-strain and 99.4% identical among themselves. Genomic analysis using RAPD revealed no differences among the four strains. The pathogenicity of one strain, MLS063, was confirmed by inoculation of glasshouse-grown white mulberry plants. Three months after inoculation, the pathogen was recovered from 21 of 25 inoculated plants, and 5 of 25 plants were dead within a year of inoculation. Inoculation of grapevines and oleanders with MLS063 did not result in any disease or recovery of the pathogen up to 1 year later, showing that this strain was not cross-infective to these hosts.

scholarly journals Population Structure of Cercospora kikuchii, the Causal Agent of Cercospora Leaf Blight and Purple Seed Stain in Soybean

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (7) ◽  
pp. 823-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Cai ◽  
R. W. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Cercospora Kikuchii ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility Groups ◽  
Intergenic Spacer Region ◽  
Group I ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Purple Seed Stain

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and microsatellite-primed polymerase chain reaction (MP-PCR) were used to characterize 164 isolates of Cercospora kikuchii, most of which were collected from Louisiana. Plant tissue (seeds versus leaves), but not host cultivar, had a significant impact on pathogen population differentiation. Cluster analysis showed that the Louisiana population was dominated by a primary lineage (group I) with only a few Louisiana isolates belonging to the minor lineage that also included the non-Louisiana isolates (group II). A previous study showed that isolates could be differentiated according to vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs). However, RAPD and MP-PCR data demonstrated that isolates of C. kikuchii were not generally clustered according to these VCGs. Furthermore, genetic relationships within and between VCGs were examined using sequences of the intergenic spacer region of rDNA. These analyses showed that VCG is not an indicator of evolutionary lineage in this fungus. Our results suggest the likely existence of a cryptically functioning sexual stage in some portion of the C. kikuchii population.

scholarly journals VARIASI GENETIK Lactobacillus fermentum Beijerink ASAL SAYUR ASIN BERDASARKAN ANALISIS RFLP 16S-23S rDNA ISR, RAPD-PCR DAN ERIC-PCR

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sulistiani Sulistiani ◽  
Wibowo Mangunwardoyo ◽  
Abinawanto Abinawanto ◽  
Endang Sukara ◽  
Achmad Dinoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Lactobacillus Fermentum ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Intergenic Spacer Region ◽  
Rapd Pcr ◽  
Upgma Cluster Analysis ◽  
Process Combination

Molecular analysis of Lactobacillus fermentum isolates is essential to understand their genetic variation in relations to their roles in sayur asin fermentation process. Combination of three molecular techniques which is restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of 16S23S rDNA intergenic spacer region (ISR), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD-PCR) and an enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC-PCR) analysis were performed to discriminate 19 representative isolates of L. fermentum isolated from sayur asin. The result showed that L. fermentum strain D11 is distantly related to other isolates based on RFLP using HhaI restriction enzyme and RAPDPCR analyses. In addition, both of RAPD-PCR and ERIC-PCR successfully determined the genetic variation among L. fermentum strains by exhibiting distinct 4-8 bands (800-2080 bp) and 4-10 bands (280-3050 bp), respectively. A dendogram generated from UPGMA cluster analysis of both RAPD-PCR and ERIC-PCR data showed two distinct genotypic groups exist among L. fermentum isolated from sayur asin in Indonesia.

Genetic characterization ofToxoplasma gondiistrains by random amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction

Parasitology ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. G. Guo ◽  
A. M. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Dna Polymorphisms ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Initial Separation ◽  
Virulent Strains ◽  
Rapd Pcr ◽  
Genomic Dnas ◽  
Polymerase Chain

SUMMARYThe technique of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) PCR has been used to detect DNA polymorphisms amongToxoplasma gondiistrains. Seven arbitrary oligonucleotides (10-mer) were used as primers to amplify total genomic DNAs and significant genetic heterogeneity was detected among 11T gondiistrains with different virulence for mice. The polymorphisms observed allowed relationship dendrograms ofT. gondiistrains to be constructed by PHYLIP and PAUP analyses. The genetic relationships of theT. gondiistrains generated by 2 analyses using completely different assumptions were similar. Both analyses revealed 2 groups ofT. gondiistrains, one formed by the 6 virulent strains and the other formed by the 5 avirulent strains. This suggests that the genus Toxoplasma may actually contain 2 groups, correlated with their virulence, which have probably evolved independently following their initial separation. Significant polymorphisms were also detected between 2 different laboratory stocks of theT. gondiiRH strain.

scholarly journals Oenological Potential of Autochthonous Saccharomyces cerevisiae Yeast Strains from the Greek Varieties of Agiorgitiko and Moschofilero

Beverages ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Kontogiannatos ◽  
Vicky Troianou ◽  
Maria Dimopoulou ◽  
Polydefkis Hatzopoulos ◽  
Yorgos Kotseridis
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Alcoholic Fermentation ◽  
Ethanol Tolerance ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Rapd Pcr ◽  
Autochthonous Yeast ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
H2s Production

Nemea and Mantinia are famous wine regions in Greece known for two indigenous grape varieties, Agiorgitiko and Moschofilero, which produce high quality PDO wines. In the present study, indigenous Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains were isolated and identified from spontaneous alcoholic fermentation of Agiorgitiko and Moschofilero musts in order to evaluate their oenological potential. Random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) recovered the presence of five distinct profiles from a total of 430 yeast isolates. The five obtained strains were evaluated at microvinifications trials and tested for basic oenological and biochemical parameters including sulphur dioxide and ethanol tolerance as well as H2S production in sterile grape must. The selected autochthonous yeast strains named, Soi2 (Agiorgitiko wine) and L2M (Moschofilero wine), were evaluated also in industrial (4000L) fermentations to assess their sensorial and oenological characteristics. The volatile compounds of the produced wines were determined by GC-FID. Our results demonstrated the feasibility of using Soi2 and L2M strains in industrial fermentations for Agiorgitiko and Moschofilero grape musts, respectively.

Genomic fingerprinting ofFrankiamicrosymbionts fromCeanothuscopopulations using repetitive sequences and polymerase chain reactions

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (9) ◽  
pp. 1220-1230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soon-Chun Jeong ◽  
David D Myrold
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequencing ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Repetitive Sequences ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Genomic Fingerprinting ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
Intergenic Spacer Region ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Specificity between Ceanothus species and their microsymbionts, Frankia, were investigated with nodules collected from three geographically separated copopulations of Ceanothus species. Nodules were analyzed using DNA sequencing and repetitive sequence polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR) techniques. DNA sequencing of the intergenic spacer region between 16S and 23S rRNA genes suggested that Ceanothus-microsymbiotic Frankia are closely related at the intraspecific level. Diversity of the microsymbionts was further analyzed by genomic fingerprinting using repetitive sequences and PCR. A newly designed direct repeat (DR) sequence and a BOX sequence were used as PCR primers after justification that these primers can generate Frankia-specific fingerprints from nodule DNA. Analysis of the nodules using BOX- and DR-PCR showed that Ceanothus-microsymbiotic Frankia exhibited less diversity within each copopulation than among copopulations. These data suggested that geographic separation plays a more important role for divergence of Ceanothus-microsymbiotic Frankia than host plant.Key words: Frankia, Ceanothus, rep-PCR, diversity.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Olive as a Host of Xylella fastidiosa and Associated Sharpshooter Vectors

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (9) ◽  
pp. 1186-1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Krugner ◽  
Mark S. Sisterson ◽  
Jianchi Chen ◽  
Drake C. Stenger ◽  
Marshall W. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Control Method ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Primary Control ◽  
Homalodisca Vitripennis ◽  
Insecticide Treatment ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Leaf Scorch ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Branch Dieback

Olive (Olea europaea) trees exhibiting leaf scorch or branch dieback symptoms in California were surveyed for the xylem-limited, fastidious bacterium Xylella fastidiosa. Only approximately 17% of diseased trees tested positive for X. fastidiosa by polymerase chain reaction, and disease symptoms could not be attributed to X. fastidiosa infection of olive in greenhouse pathogenicity assays. Six strains of X. fastidiosa were isolated from olive in Southern California. Molecular assays identified strains recovered from olive as belonging to X. fastidiosa subsp. multiplex. Pathogenicity testing of olive strains on grapevine and almond confirmed that X. fastidiosa strains isolated from olive yield disease phenotypes on almond and grapevine typical of those expected for subsp. multiplex. Mechanical inoculation of X. fastidiosa olive strains to olive resulted in infection at low efficiency but infections remained asymptomatic and tended to be self-limiting. Vector transmission assays demonstrated that glassy-winged sharpshooter (Homalodisca vitripennis) could transmit strains of both subspp. multiplex and fastidiosa to olive at low efficiency. Insect trapping data indicated that two vectors of X. fastidiosa, glassy-winged sharpshooter and green sharpshooter (Draeculacephala minerva), were active in olive orchards. Collectively, the data indicate that X. fastidiosa did not cause olive leaf scorch or branch dieback but olive may contribute to the epidemiology of X. fastidiosa-elicited diseases in California. Olive may serve as an alternative, albeit suboptimal, host of X. fastidiosa. Olive also may be a refuge where sharpshooter vectors evade intensive areawide insecticide treatment of citrus, the primary control method used in California to limit glassy-winged sharpshooter populations and, indirectly, epidemics of Pierce's disease of grapevine.

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