scholarly journals Geography, Plants, and Growing Systems Shape the Genetic Structure of Tunisian Botrytis cinerea Populations

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (12) ◽  
pp. 1271-1279 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Karchani-Balma ◽  
A. Gautier ◽  
A. Raies ◽  
E. Fournier
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
Fungal Plant Pathogens ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Faba Beans ◽  
New Hosts ◽  
Open Fields

Botrytis cinerea, considered for a long time as a generalist fungal pathogen of a multitude of plants, was recently shown to exhibit significant population structure in France according to the host, suggesting sympatric specialization. Recent models also showed that adaptation to new hosts may facilitate the process of sympatric speciation in fungal plant pathogens. The present work aimed at investigating if host plants, combined with geographic origin and growing systems, shape the diversity and structure of Tunisian populations of B. cinerea. We genotyped 153 isolates with 9 microsatellites. In all the investigated populations, the fungus reproduced mainly sexually. Gene flow was significantly reduced between greenhouses and open fields from strawberry but not from grapevine. Populations from tomatoes, sampled under greenhouses only, exhibited a low genotypic diversity. The effects of plant and geography from open fields were investigated on a sample of 74 isolates. Six populations were inferred, mainly structured according to a geographic barrier corresponding to the Grande Dorsale Mountain. However, this effect could not be separated from the host plant origin of isolates. The analysis of 63 isolates recovered from strawberries and faba beans in the Cap Bon and Centre regions did not reveal any significant effect of plant on pathogen population differentiation.

scholarly journals Population genomics reveals molecular determinants of specialization to tomato in the polyphagous fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea in France

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Mercier ◽  
Adeline Simon ◽  
Nicolas Lapalu ◽  
Tatiana Giraud ◽  
Marc Bardin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Population Genomics ◽  
Grey Mould ◽  
Host Specialization ◽  
Genomic Changes ◽  
Fungal Plant Pathogens ◽  
Synonymous Sites ◽  
Pathogen Populations

Many fungal plant pathogens encompass multiple populations specialized on different plant species. Understanding the factors underlying pathogen adaptation to their hosts is a major challenge of evolutionary microbiology, and it should help preventing the emergence of new specialized pathogens on novel hosts. Previous studies have shown that French populations of the grey mould pathogen Botrytis cinerea parasitizing tomato and grapevine are differentiated from each other, and have higher aggressiveness on their host-of-origin than on other hosts, indicating some degree of host specialization in this polyphagous pathogen. Here, we aimed at identifying the genomic features underlying the specialization of B. cinerea populations to tomato and grapevine. Based on whole genome sequences of 32 isolates, we confirmed the subdivision of B. cinerea pathogens into two genetic clusters on grapevine and another, single cluster on tomato. Levels of genetic variation in the different clusters were similar, suggesting that the tomato-specific cluster has not recently emerged following a bottleneck. Using genome scans for selective sweeps and divergent selection, tests of positive selection based on polymorphism and divergence at synonymous and non-synonymous sites and analyses of presence/absence variation, we identified several candidate genes that represent possible determinants of host specialization in the tomato-associated population. This work deepens our understanding of the genomic changes underlying the specialization of fungal pathogen populations.

scholarly journals POPULATION GENOMICS REVEALS MOLECULAR DETERMINANTS OF SPECIALIZATION TO TOMATO IN THE POLYPHAGOUS FUNGAL PATHOGEN BOTRYTIS CINEREA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Mercier ◽  
Adeline Simon ◽  
Nicolas Lapalu ◽  
Tatiana Giraud ◽  
Marc Bardin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Population Genomics ◽  
Grey Mould ◽  
Host Specialization ◽  
Genomic Changes ◽  
Fungal Plant Pathogens ◽  
Synonymous Sites ◽  
Pathogen Populations

AbstractMany fungal plant pathogens encompass multiple populations specialized on different plant species. Understanding the factors underlying pathogen adaptation to their hosts is a major challenge of evolutionary microbiology, and it should help preventing the emergence of new specialized pathogens on novel hosts. Previous studies have shown that French populations of the grey mould pathogen Botrytis cinerea parasitizing tomato and grapevine are differentiated from each other, and have higher aggressiveness on their host-of-origin than on other hosts, indicating some degree of host specialization in this polyphagous pathogen. Here, we aimed at identifying the genomic features underlying the specialization of B. cinerea populations to tomato and grapevine. Based on whole genome sequences of 32 isolates, we confirmed the subdivision of B. cinerea pathogens into two genetic clusters on grapevine and another, single cluster on tomato. Levels of genetic variation in the different clusters were similar, suggesting that the tomato-specific cluster has not recently emerged following a bottleneck. Using genome scans for selective sweeps and divergent selection, tests of positive selection based on polymorphism and divergence at synonymous and non-synonymous sites and analyses of presence/absence variation, we identified several candidate genes that represent possible determinants of host specialization in the tomato-associated population. This work deepens our understanding of the genomic changes underlying the specialization of fungal pathogen populations.

Effectors of biotrophic fungal plant pathogens

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela H. P. Gan ◽  
Maryam Rafiqi ◽  
Adrienne R. Hardham ◽  
Peter N. Dodds
Keyword(s):  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Plant Proteins ◽  
Living Plant ◽  
Host Cytoplasm ◽  
Fungal Plant Pathogens ◽  
Biotrophic Fungi

Plant pathogenic biotrophic fungi are able to grow within living plant tissue due to the action of secreted pathogen proteins known as effectors that alter the response of plant cells to pathogens. The discovery and identification of these proteins has greatly expanded with the sequencing and annotation of fungal pathogen genomes. Studies to characterise effector function have revealed that a subset of these secreted pathogen proteins interact with plant proteins within the host cytoplasm. This review focuses on the effectors of intracellular biotrophic and hemibiotrophic fungal plant pathogens and summarises advances in understanding the roles of these proteins in disease and in elucidating the mechanism of fungal effector uptake into host cells.

scholarly journals The polyphagous plant pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea encompasses host-specialized and generalist populations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Mercier ◽  
Florence Carpentier ◽  
Clémentine Duplaix ◽  
Annie Auger ◽  
Jean-Marc Pradier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Spatial Optimization ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Host Specialization ◽  
Population Genetic Analysis ◽  
Fungal Plant Pathogens

AbstractThe host plant is often the main variable explaining population structure in fungal plant pathogens, because specialization contributes to reduce gene flow between populations associated with different hosts. Previous population genetic analysis revealed that French populations of the grey mould pathogen Botrytis cinerea were structured by hosts tomato and grapevine, suggesting host specialization in this highly polyphagous pathogen. However, these findings raised questions about the magnitude of this specialization and the possibility of specialization to other hosts. Here we report specialization of B. cinerea populations to tomato and grapevine hosts but not to other tested plants. Population genetic analysis revealed two pathogen clusters associated with tomato and grapevine, while the other clusters co-occurred on hydrangea, strawberry and bramble. Measurements of quantitative pathogenicity were consistent with host specialization of populations found on tomato, and to a lesser extent, populations found on grapevine. Pathogen populations from hydrangea and strawberry appeared to be generalist, while populations from bramble may be weakly specialized. Our results suggest that the polyphagous B. cinerea is more accurately described as a collection of generalist and specialist individuals in populations. This work opens new perspectives for grey mold management, while suggesting spatial optimization of crop organization within agricultural landscapes.

scholarly journals One cut to change them all: CRISPR/Cas, a groundbreaking tool for genome editing in Botrytis cinerea and other fungal plant pathogens

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Hahn ◽  
Gabriel Scalliet
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Antifungal Compounds ◽  
Fungal Plant Pathogens ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Functional Biology ◽  
Cas A

CRISPR/Cas is a genome editing technology that has opened new dimensions in functional biology. In a recent publication, we present a highly efficient CRISPR/Cas technique for Botrytis cinerea, which dramatically increases our options to mutagenize and modify single or multiple genes. In this Perspectives article, we describe the essential features of the method, and demonstrate with several examples how it opens new avenues for unravelling the virulence mechanisms of Botrytis and other plant pathogenic fungi, and to accelerate research for the identification of new antifungal compounds.

scholarly journals Potential of Mycovirus in the Biological Control of Fungal Plant Pathogens: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Yimjenjang Longkumer ◽  
Md. Abbas Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Formidable Challenge ◽  
Fungal Plant Pathogens

Fungal pathogenic populations such as Sclerotinia, Rhizoctonia and Fusarium are ubiquitous and have broad range of host enabling them to cause a severe infection resulting in huge yield losses. Albeit the various tactics such as cultural, mechanical implemented to counteract the havoc, it still creates a formidable challenge to the researchers to keep the pathogenic population below threshold. From Eco-friendly sustenance perspective, Biological control can play a vital role in combination along with the other efficient tactics. In field condition various strains are available having two characters namely virulent and hypovirulent, the latter may exhibit hypovirulent nature genetically or due to the invasion of mycoviruses becomes hypovirulent. In both the cases are of interest to the researchers in studying the biological control exhibited by the mycoviruses. The biocontrol agents include Mycoviruses, which plays a significant role in infecting the virulent fungal pathogen by reducing their virulence giving to a phenomenon known as Hypovirulence. Their genome consist of mostly dsRNA and others include +ssRNA, -ssRNA and dsDNA. These studies in fungal and viral interaction can lead to the development of novel biological control strategies and help us to explore upto the molecular level.

scholarly journals Molecular dynamics investigation of the interaction between Colletotrichum capsici cutinase and berberine suggested a mechanism for reduced enzyme activity

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0247236
Author(s):  
Ying Li ◽  
Jinqing Wei ◽  
Huizhen Yang ◽  
Jing Dai ◽  
Xizhen Ge
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Hydrophobic Interactions ◽  
Imidazole Ring ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Catalytic Center ◽  
Colletotrichum Capsici ◽  
Botanical Pesticide ◽  
Fungal Plant Pathogens

Berberine is a promising botanical pesticide against fungal plant pathogens. However, whether berberine inhibits the invasion of fungal pathogen across plant surface remains unclear. Here we demonstrated that the enzyme activities of purified cutinase from fungal pathogen Colletotrichum capsici were partially inhibited in presence of berberine toward different substrates. Molecular dynamics simulation results suggested the rigidity of cutinase was decreased with berberine added into the system. Interestingly, aggregations of berberine to the catalytic center of cutinase were observed, and stronger hydrophobic interactions were detected between key residue His 208 and berberine with concentrations of berberine increased. More importantly, this hydrophobic interaction conferred conformational change of the imidazole ring of His 208, which swung out of the catalytic center to an inactive mode. In summary, we provided the molecular mechanism of the effect of berberine on cutinase from C. capsici.

scholarly journals Characterization of Botrytis cinerea Isolates From Grape Vineyards in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanjie Zhang ◽  
Xinghong Li ◽  
Fengying Shen ◽  
Huanping Xu ◽  
Yaning Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
Genetic Population ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Genetic Clusters ◽  
Tropical Areas

One hundred thirty-five single-spore isolates were collected from grape vineyards from 15 provinces or autonomous regions belonging to five viticulture climatic zones in China. All the isolates were identified as Botrytis cinerea based on their morphological and molecular characters. The 135 isolates were all heterothallic isolates. Seventy-one isolates belonged to the MAT1-1 type and 64 were characterized to MAT1-2 type. All the isolates studied belonged to Group II based on PCR-RFLP of the Bc-hch locus. The four TE genotypes, transposa, Boty-only, Flipper-only, and vacuma, comprised 51.9%, 33.3%, 10.4%, and 4.5%, respectively, of the total population. The frequency of transposa was highest in the total population and the most of any subpopulation (each viticulture climatic zone), and Boty-only was highest in warm areas (46.2%). Vacuma was mainly distributed in northern China, although in small amounts, and Flipper-only was mainly was distributed in humid tropical areas (42.9%). A microsatellite analysis of B. cinerea populations was performed to assess the genetic population structure. A total of 127 different MLGs were identified among 135 B. cinerea isolates, with a genotypic diversity of 0.9991. The transposa population isolates showed higher genetic diversity than other populations. Pairwise tests of genetic differentiation among four TE-type populations yielded generally low to high Gst values. All isolates belonged to two genetic clusters. The population microsatellite diversity and genetic structure had a certain correlation with the TE type and geographic origin. This is the first report of the genotypic diversity of B. cinerea isolates from grape vineyards across China.

scholarly journals Targeted Amino Acid Substitutions in a Trichoderma Peptaibol Confer Activity against Fungal Plant Pathogens and Protect Host Tissues from Botrytis cinerea Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 7521
Author(s):  
Marta De Zotti ◽  
Luca Sella ◽  
Angela Bolzonello ◽  
Laura Gabbatore ◽  
Cristina Peggion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Fungal Plant Pathogens

Fungal species belonging to the Trichoderma genus are commonly used as biocontrol agents against several crop pathogens. Among their secondary metabolites, peptaibols are helical, antimicrobial peptides, which are structurally stable even under extreme pH and temperature conditions. The promise of peptaibols as agrochemicals is, however, hampered by poor water solubility, which inhibits efficient delivery for practical use in crop protection. Using a versatile synthetic strategy, based on green chemistry procedures, we produced water-soluble analogs of the short-length peptaibol trichogin. Although natural trichogin was inactive against the tested fungal plant pathogens (Botrytis cinerea, Bipolaris sorokiniana, Fusarium graminearum, and Penicillium expansum), three analogs completely inhibited fungal growth at low micromolar concentrations. The most effective peptides significantly reduced disease symptoms by B. cinerea on common bean and grapevine leaves and ripe grape berries without visible phytotoxic effects. An in-depth conformational analysis featuring a 3D-structure–activity relationship study indicated that the relative spatial position of cationic residues is crucial for increasing peptide fungicidal activity.

Morphological, biochemical and molecular identification of rhizobacteria isolates with potential for biocontrol of fungal plant pathogens

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Stephen Larbi-Koranteng ◽  
Richard Tuyee Awuah ◽  
Fredrick Kankam ◽  
Muntala Abdulai ◽  
Marian Dorcas Quain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Fungal Plant Pathogens
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document