scholarly journals A Study on the Phylogeny of the Dyer's Woad Rust Fungus and Other Species of Puccinia from Crucifers

1997 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 565-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley R. Kropp ◽  
Dane R. Hansen ◽  
Paul G. Wolf ◽  
Karen M. Flint ◽  
Sherman V. Thomson
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Indigenous Plants ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
The North ◽  
The Family

The identity of a Puccinia species occurring on the introduced weed dyer's woad (Isatis tinctoria) was studied using sequences from the internal transcribed spacer of the nuclear ribosomal DNA. The relationship of this fungus to other Puccinia species occurring on the family Brassicaceae in Europe and North America was examined, and we tested the hypothesis that P. thlaspeos and P. monoica are correlated species. The data suggest that the Puccinia species from dyer's woad is closely related to the North American species P. consimilis and may be derived from an indigenous strain of P. consimilis that switched hosts. Thus, the Puccinia species from dyer's woad is probably native to North America and is unlikely to cause disease epidemics on indigenous plants if used as a biological control agent against dyer's woad. P. thlaspeos appears to be polyphyletic and, therefore, P. thlaspeos and P. monoica do not appear to be correlated species. Additional DNA sequence data will be needed to clarify further the phylogeny of Puccinia species on the family Brassicaceae.

scholarly journals Molecular Evidence for an Asian Origin and a Unique Westward Migration of Species in the Genus Castanea via Europe to North America

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1006B-1006
Author(s):  
Ping Lang ◽  
Fenny Dane ◽  
Thomas L. Kubisiak ◽  
Hongwen Huang
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Morphological Evolution ◽  
North American Species ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Westward Expansion ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
The North ◽  
Sister Clade

The genus Castanea (Fagaceae), which contains three sections and seven species, is widely distributed in the deciduous forests of the Northern Hemisphere. The phylogeny of Castanea was estimated using DNA sequence data from five different regions of the chloroplast genome. Sequencing results support the genus Castanea as a paraphyletic group with C. crenata, the Japanese chestnut, representing an early divergence in the genus. The three Chinese species form a strongly supported sister clade to the North American and European clade. A unique westward expansion of extant Castanea species is hypothesized with Castanea originating in eastern Asia, an initial diversification within Asia during the Eocene, followed by intercontinental dispersion and divergence between the Chinese and European/North American species during the Oligocene and a split between the European and North American species in the early Miocene. The differentiation within North America and China might have occurred in late Miocene or early Pliocence. The North America species are supported as a clade with C. pumila var. ozarkensis, the Ozark chinkapin, as the basal lineage, sister to the group comprising C. pumila var. pumila, the Allegheny chinkapin, and C. dentata, the American chestnut. Morphological evolution of one nut per bur in the genus may have occurred independently on two continents.

scholarly journals Phylogeny of the family Trogidae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear ribosomal DNA sequence data

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 548-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
WERNER P. STRÜMPHER ◽  
CATHERINE L. SOLE ◽  
MARTIN H. VILLET ◽  
CLARKE H. SCHOLTZ
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
The Family ◽  
Ribosomal Dna Sequence

scholarly journals A Phylogenetic Assessment of Endocalyx (Cainiaceae, Xylariales) With E. Grossus Comb. et Stat. Nov.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregorio Delgado ◽  
Andrew N Miller ◽  
Akira Hashimoto ◽  
Toshiya Iida ◽  
Moriya Ohkuma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Species Status ◽  
Characteristic Mode ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Monophyletic Lineage ◽  
The Family ◽  
Phylogenetic Affinities ◽  
Lsu Nrdna

Abstract The phylogenetic affinities of four representative Endocalyx taxa, including three species and two varieties, are studied based on materials collected on different palm hosts in Japan and the states of Hawaii and Texas, USA. They include specimens and their isolates belonging to E. cinctus, E. indumentum, E. melanoxanthus var. grossus and E. melanoxanthus var. melanoxanthus. Phylogenetic analyses of nuclear ribosomal DNA sequence data (ITS-LSU nrDNA) confirmed that Endocalyx belongs to the order Xylariales (Sordariomycetes) where all species and varieties treated form a strongly supported monophyletic lineage within the family Cainiaceae. They were also phylogenetically well resolved and consistent with their morphological and ecological circumscription. Species status is proposed for E. melanoxanthus var. grossus under the name E. grossus comb. et stat. nov. on the basis of its distinct morphological, molecular, cultural and ecological characteristics. The putative placement of Endocalyx within the family Apiosporaceae (Amphisphaeriales) based on the presence of basauxic conidiophores is rejected considering that all species treated clustered within the distant Cainiaceae (Xylariales). This characteristic mode of conidiophore elongation is determined to have evolved independently within unrelated or distant ascomycetous lineages. Novel morphological and cultural features of Endocalyx taxa based on new isolates are commented. The recently described E. metroxyli is reduced to synonym with E. melanoxanthus.

Morphological and molecular differentiation of the Anagrus epos species complex (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), egg parasitoids of leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in North America

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2428 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
SERGUEI V. TRIAPITSYN ◽  
PAUL F. RUGMAN-JONES ◽  
GILSANG JEONG ◽  
JOSEPH G. MORSE ◽  
RICHARD STOUTHAMER
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Egg Parasitoids ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Anagrus Epos

The Anagrus epos Girault species complex of the fairyfly wasp genus Anagrus Haliday (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), egg parasitoids of Erasmoneura spp., Erythroneura spp., and other leafhoppers, is reviewed using both morphological and molecular methods. A new species, A. vulneratus Triapitsyn sp. n., is described and illustrated from specimens reared from eggs of the leafhopper Erasmoneura vulnerata (Fitch) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) on grapevines from Colorado, USA. Discussed and corrected are the earlier published host and distribution records of A. epos, which is rediagnosed, and also of A. daanei Triapitsyn. Nuclear ribosomal DNA sequence data provides a genetic signature for A. epos and within the remainder of the species complex identifies A. tretiakovae Triapitsyn as being the most divergent member, confirms A. vulneratus as a separate entity, and reveals the closer similarity of specimens from Sonora, Mexico, to A. vulneratus rather than A. epos. Sequences from individuals identified as A. daanei were somewhat heterogeneous and revealed the existence of two distinct rDNA families — one represented by A. daanei from the Pacific Northwest and one by specimens from Colorado. Both gene families were represented by specimens from California, USA, and this finding is discussed in relation to recent use of “A. epos” from Colorado as a biological control agent in California.

Distinguishing isolates of Deladenus siricidicola, a biological control agent of Sirex noctilio, from North America and the Southern Hemisphere using PCR–RFLP

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1173-1177 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Leal ◽  
B. Foord ◽  
C. Davis ◽  
P. de Groot ◽  
X.O. Mlonyeni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Sirex Noctilio ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
The North ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Deladenus Siricidicola ◽  
Key Questions

The woodwasp Sirex noctilio Fabricius, along with its obligate symbiotic fungus Amylostereum areolatum (Chaillet ex Fr.) Boidin, is amongst the most damaging invasive species to many commercial pine plantations. The most effective biocontrol agent for management of this woodwasp has been the nematode Deladenus siricidicola Bedding. Before this agent can be used in North America, answering key questions about its interaction with native siricids and other strains of the nematode is essential, as would be the need to track its spread after release. The aim of this study was to develop tools to differentiate between the North American D. siricidicola isolates and the Southern Hemisphere Kamona strain of this species. We sequenced a region from ribosomal DNA and the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 and developed a PCR–RFLP method based on a single nucleotide polymorphism flanking a microsatellite sequence. These markers will be useful for science-based operational biocontrol of S. noctilio.

scholarly journals Sequence data from isolated lichen-associated melanized fungi enhance delimitation of two new lineages within Chaetothyriomycetidae

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 911-927
Author(s):  
Lucia Muggia ◽  
Yu Quan ◽  
Cécile Gueidan ◽  
Abdullah M. S. Al-Hatmi ◽  
Martin Grube ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Asexual Propagation ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
Rock Inhabiting Fungi ◽  
Stable Habitat

AbstractLichen thalli provide a long-lived and stable habitat for colonization by a wide range of microorganisms. Increased interest in these lichen-associated microbial communities has revealed an impressive diversity of fungi, including several novel lineages which still await formal taxonomic recognition. Among these, members of the Eurotiomycetes and Dothideomycetes usually occur asymptomatically in the lichen thalli, even if they share ancestry with fungi that may be parasitic on their host. Mycelia of the isolates are characterized by melanized cell walls and the fungi display exclusively asexual propagation. Their taxonomic placement requires, therefore, the use of DNA sequence data. Here, we consider recently published sequence data from lichen-associated fungi and characterize and formally describe two new, individually monophyletic lineages at family, genus, and species levels. The Pleostigmataceae fam. nov. and Melanina gen. nov. both comprise rock-inhabiting fungi that associate with epilithic, crust-forming lichens in subalpine habitats. The phylogenetic placement and the monophyly of Pleostigmataceae lack statistical support, but the family was resolved as sister to the order Verrucariales. This family comprises the species Pleostigma alpinum sp. nov., P. frigidum sp. nov., P. jungermannicola, and P. lichenophilum sp. nov. The placement of the genus Melanina is supported as a lineage within the Chaetothyriales. To date, this genus comprises the single species M. gunde-cimermaniae sp. nov. and forms a sister group to a large lineage including Herpotrichiellaceae, Chaetothyriaceae, Cyphellophoraceae, and Trichomeriaceae. The new phylogenetic analysis of the subclass Chaetothyiomycetidae provides new insight into genus and family level delimitation and classification of this ecologically diverse group of fungi.

scholarly journals Characterization and Pathogenicity of Botryosphaeriaceae Species Collected from Olive and Other Hosts in Spain and California

2010 ◽  
Vol 100 (12) ◽  
pp. 1340-1351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Moral ◽  
Concepción Muñoz-Díez ◽  
Nazaret González ◽  
Antonio Trapero ◽  
Themis J. Michailides
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Olive Fly ◽  
The Family ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Olive Trees

Species in the family Botryosphaeriaceae are common pathogens causing fruit rot and dieback of many woody plants. In this study, 150 Botryosphaeriaceae isolates were collected from olive and other hosts in Spain and California. Representative isolates of each type were characterized based on morphological features and comparisons of DNA sequence data of three regions: internal transcribed spacer 5.8S, β-tubulin, and elongation factor. Three main species were identified as Neofusicoccum mediterraneum, causing dieback of branches of olive and pistachio; Diplodia seriata, causing decay of ripe fruit and dieback of olive branches; and Botryosphaeria dothidea, causing dalmatian disease on unripe olive fruit in Spain. Moreover, the sexual stage of this last species was also found attacking olive branches in California. In pathogenicity tests using unripe fruit and branches of olive, D. seriata isolates were the least aggressive on the fruit and branches while N. mediterraneum isolates were the most aggressive on both tissues. Isolates of B. dothidea which cause dalmatian disease on fruit were not pathogenic on branches and only weakly aggressive on fruit. These results, together with the close association between the presence of dalmatian disease symptoms and the wound created by the olive fly (Bactrocera oleae), suggest that the fly is essential for the initiation of the disease on fruit. Isolates recovered from dalmatian disease symptoms had an optimum of 26°C for mycelial growth and 30°C for conidial germination, suggesting that the pathogen is well adapted to high summer temperatures. In contrast, the range of water activity in the medium for growth of dalmatian isolates was 0.93 to 1 MPa, which was similar to that for the majority of fungi. This study resolved long-standing questions of identity and pathogenicity of species within the family Botryosphaeriaceae attacking olive trees in Spain and California.

scholarly journals The Fourth International Symposium on Ranaviruses: Summary of North American Herpetological Content and Points of Interest

2020 ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Lauren Ash ◽  
Rachel Marschang ◽  
Jolianne Rijks ◽  
Amanda Duffus
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
International Symposium ◽  
North American ◽  
Fourth International Symposium ◽  
Dna Viruses ◽  
The North ◽  
Double Stranded Dna ◽  
Points Of Interest ◽  
The Family ◽  
Globally Distributed

Ranaviruses are large double stranded DNA viruses from the family Iridoviridae. They are globally distributed and are currently known to affect fish, reptiles and amphibians. In North America, ranaviruses are also widely distributed, and cause frequent morbidity and mortality events in both wild and cultured populations. This is a synopsys of the North American content of the 4th International Symposium on Ranaviruses held in May 2017 in Budapest, Hungary.

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