scholarly journals Chayote mosaic virus, a New Tymovirus Infecting Cucurbitaceae

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (10) ◽  
pp. 1098-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan J. Bernal ◽  
Ignacio Jiménez ◽  
Manuel Moreno ◽  
Melanie Hord ◽  
Carmen Rivera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Protein Gene ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Andean Potato ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Asymptomatic Infections ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Host Families

Chayote mosaic virus (ChMV) is a putative tymovirus isolated from chayote crops in Costa Rica. ChMV was characterized at the host range, serological, and molecular levels. ChMV was transmitted mechanically and induced disease symptoms mainly in Cucurbitaceae hosts. Asymptomatic infections were detected in other host families. Serologically, ChMV is related to the Andean potato latent virus (APLV) and the Eggplant mosaic virus (EMV), both members of the genus Tymovirus infecting solanaceous hosts in the Caribbean Basin and South America. The sequence of the genomic RNA of ChMV was determined and its genetic organization was typical of tymoviruses. Comparisons with other tymoviral sequences showed that ChMV was a new member of the genus Tymovirus. The phylogenetic analyses of the coat protein gene were consistent with serological comparisons and positioned ChMV within a cluster of tymoviruses infecting mainly cucurbit or solanaceous hosts, including APLV and EMV. Phylogenetic analyses of the replicase protein gene confirmed the close relationship of ChMV and EMV. Our results suggest that ChMV is related to two tymoviruses (APLV and EMV) of proximal geographical provenance but with different natural host ranges. ChMV is the first cucurbit-infecting tymovirus to be fully characterized at the genomic level.

scholarly journals Biological and Molecular Properties of a Begomovirus from Dicliptera sexangularis

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (7) ◽  
pp. 723-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pongtharin Lotrakul ◽  
Rodrigo A. Valverde ◽  
Angela D. Landry
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Bipartite Begomovirus ◽  
Caribbean Basin ◽  
Sequence Comparisons ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Yellow Mottle ◽  
The Caribbean

Sixangle foldwing, Dicliptera sexangularis (Acanthaceae), showing severe yellow mottle and leaf distortion symptoms was collected from the shoreline of Calusa Island (Lee County, FL). The putative virus was transmitted from infected D. sexangularis to healthy seedlings by mechanical, whitefly (Bemisia tabaci biotype B), and graft-inoculations. Different forms of geminivirus-like DNAs were detected in total DNA extracted from infected plants by Southern blot hybridization analyses using DNA-A and -B of Bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV) from Guatemala as probes. Preliminary polymerase chain reaction experiments and sequence comparisons indicated that the virus was a distinct bipartite begomovirus. The virus was designated Dicliptera yellow mottle virus (DiYMV). Replicative dsDNAs of DiYMV were extracted, digested with selected restriction enzymes, and cloned into a plasmid vector. Both DNA-A and -B were sequenced and compared with those of other begomoviruses. Phylogenetic analyses using AV1, AC1, and BV1 nucleotide sequences indicated that DiYMV has a close relationship with the New World begomoviruses, especially those distributed in the nearby geographic areas of the Florida coast and the Caribbean Basin. However, different percent nucleotide sequence identities and phylogenetic relationships were detected when different open reading frames (ORFs) of DiYMV were compared with their counterparts from begomoviruses from the Caribbean Basin. Based on phylogenetic analyses of the AC1 and BV1 ORFs, DiYMV was closely related to BGMV type II isolates, whereas sequence comparisons of the common region and the AC4-derived amino acid sequences indicated its close relationship with Potato yellow mosaic virus from Venezuela.

scholarly journals Study of the 49 kDa excretory-secretory protein gene of Trichinella nativa and Trichinella spiralis

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 120-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Zheng ◽  
L. Xiao ◽  
X. Wang ◽  
D. Li ◽  
Y. Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prokaryotic Expression ◽  
Protein Gene ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Secretory Protein ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Prokaryotic Expression Vector ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Bamhi Site ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Trichinella Nativa

AbstractTo study the function of the 49 kDa excretory-secretory (ES) protein gene (P49) of Trichinella, the genes was amplified by RT-PCR from RNA of Trichinella spiralis and Trichinella nativa and several Chinese Trichinella isolates of domestic animals, and sequenced after being cloned. The amplified products of these parasites produced bands of about 950 bp. The 97.2 % to 100 % nucleotides identity and 94.3 % to 100 % identity of deduced amino acids among P49 gene of these Trichinella strains showed the close relationship of these parasites. The P49 gene of T. nativa was cloned into the BamHI site of the prokaryotic expression vector pET-30a, and the recombinant vector was expressed. The expressed product was 40.8 kDa in size. In Western blot analysis, the expressed product was reactive to sera of mice infected with T. nativa, T. spiralis and their Chinese geographical strains.

An expanded concept of Madisonia including miscellaneous species of Pleurothallidinae (Orchidaceae): evidence from molecular analysis

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 505 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-84
Author(s):  
ERIC DE CAMARGO SMIDT ◽  
A. L. V. TOSCANO DE BRITO ◽  
ANNA VICTORIA SILVÉRIO R. MAUAD ◽  
NICOLÁS GUTIÉRREZ MORALES
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
Phylogenetic Information ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Taxonomic Studies ◽  
Expanded Concept ◽  
New Nomenclatural Combinations

Prior taxonomic studies in subtribe Pleurothallidinae have suggested a close relationship between miscellaneous species featuring long-repent, segmented rhizomes, abbreviated ramicauls, few-flowered inflorescences, and flowers with partially connate sepals and trilobed lip. The lack of phylogenetic information for most species has prevented further conclusions or changes in their taxonomy; and as a result, they are currently assigned to several unrelated genera: Anathallis, Madisonia, Pabstiella, Pleurothallis, Sansonia and Specklinia. We performed phylogenetic analyses using nuclear (nrITS) and five plastid (matK, psbD-trnT, rps16-trnQ, trnH-psbA and trnS-trnG) markers and demonstrated that these species form an isolated clade which requires generic recognition. The name Madisonia, previously a monotypic genus endemic of the Amazon basin, is re-circumscribed and expanded to include nine species distributed in the Atlantic Rainforest and the Caribbean. Eight new nomenclatural combinations are proposed.

scholarly journals An Amino Acid Deletion in Wheat streak mosaic virus Capsid Protein Distinguishes a Homogeneous Group of European Isolates and Facilitates Their Specific Detection

Plant Disease ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 93 (11) ◽  
pp. 1209-1213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Gadiou ◽  
Otakar Kúdela ◽  
Jan Ripl ◽  
Frank Rabenstein ◽  
Jiban K. Kundu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Capsid Protein ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
European Continent ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Relationship Of

The tritimovirus Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) is widespread throughout the world and represents a severe threat to cereal crop production. To increase knowledge of genetic diversity of WSMV in Europe, until now scarce, capsid protein (CP) sequences of several Czech, French, Italian, Slovak, and Turkish isolates have been determined. A multiple alignment of CP nucleotide sequences using available WSMV sequences revealed only limited sequence variation among 3 previously sequenced European isolates and the 14 European isolates sequenced in this study. Moreover, these isolates were characterized by an identical 3-nucleotide deletion, resulting in the lack of the Gly2761 codon within the CP region of the polyprotein. The results indicate that this monophyletic group of isolates (designated as WSMV-ΔE) is common and widely dispersed throughout the European continent. The close relationship of WSMV-ΔE isolates implies a single common ancestor and, presumably, subsequent dispersal throughout Europe from a single focus. We developed two simple assays for specific and accurate detection of WSMV-ΔE isolates. First, a conserved ClaI restriction site in the core CP gene sequence unique to WSMV-ΔE isolates was used for restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of amplified polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products. Second, the conserved and specific codon gap in WSMV-ΔE sequences was used as a target to design specific primers functional in one-step reverse-transcription PCR detection of WSMV-ΔE isolates.

Nodularia (Cyanobacteria, Nostocaceae): a phylogenetically uniform genus with variable phenotypes

Phytotaxa ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 172 (3) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klára Řeháková ◽  
Jan Mareš ◽  
Alena Lukešová ◽  
Eliška Zapomělová ◽  
Kateřina Bernardová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Taxonomic Resolution ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Relationship Of

The taxonomy of cyanobacteria currently faces the challenge of overhauling the traditional system to better reflect the results of phylogenetic analyses. In the present study, we assessed the phylogenetic position, morphological variability, ability to produce the toxin nodularin, and source habitat of 17 benthic and soil isolates of Nodularia. A combined analysis of two loci (partial 16S rRNA gene and rbcLX region) confirmed the genus as a monophyletic unit and the close relationship of its members. However, the taxonomic resolution at the subgeneric level was extremely problematic. The phylogenetic clustering did not show any reasonable congruence with either morphological or ecological features commonly used to separate taxa in heterocytous cyanobacteria. Despite the near phylogenetic similarity of planktonic, benthic and soil Nodularia strains, we did not find any new nodularin-producing strains among the non-planktonic isolates. The relatively low variability in conserved molecular markers within the genus Nodularia exemplifies the limitations of the currently accepted taxonomic workflow and polyphasic approach. Elucidation of mechanisms that drive the phenotypic variability in such groups presents a major challenge in cyanobacterial research.

scholarly journals Phylogeny of the Hawkmoth Tribe Ambulycini (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae): Mitogenomes from Museum Specimens Resolve Major Relationships

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martijn J T N Timmermans ◽  
Sainab M Daghmoumi ◽  
Deborah Glass ◽  
Chris A Hamilton ◽  
Akito Y Kawahara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Tropical Asia ◽  
Biogeographic History ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Dispersal Events

Abstract Ambulycini are a cosmopolitan tribe of the moth family Sphingidae, comprised of 10 genera, 3 of which are found in tropical Asia, 4 in the Neotropics, 1 in Africa, 1 in the Middle East, and 1 restricted to the islands of New Caledonia. Recent phylogenetic analyses of the tribe have yielded conflicting results, and some have suggested a close relationship of the monobasic New Caledonian genus CompsulyxHolloway, 1979 to the Neotropical ones, despite being found on opposite sides of the Pacific Ocean. Here, we investigate relationships within the tribe using full mitochondrial genomes, mainly derived from dry-pinned museum collections material. Mitogenomic data were obtained for 19 species representing nine of the 10 Ambulycini genera. Phylogenetic trees are in agreement with a tropical Asian origin for the tribe. Furthermore, results indicate that the Neotropical genus Adhemarius Oiticica Filho, 1939 is paraphyletic and support the notion that OrectaRothschild & Jordan 1903 and TrogolegnumRothschild & Jordan, 1903 may need to be synonymized. Finally, in our analysis the Neotropical genera do not collectively form a monophyletic group, due to a clade comprising the New Caledonian genus Compsulyx and the African genus BatocnemaRothschild & Jordan, 1903 being placed as sister to the Neotropical genus ProtambulyxRothschild & Jordan, 1903. This finding implies a complex biogeographic history and suggests the evolution of the tribe involved at least two long-distance dispersal events.

Endoconidioma populi from aspen and alder: phylogeny, and variations in cleistopycnidial morphology and their ecological implications

Botany ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (7) ◽  
pp. 675-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Tsuneda ◽  
S. Hambleton ◽  
R. S. Currah
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽  
Ecological Implications ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Dispersal Unit ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
The Individual ◽  
External Forces ◽  
Relationship Of

Cleistopycnidial ontogeny and sequences of nuclear internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and large subunits (LSU) were compared for five strains of Endoconidioma populi Tsuneda et al.: three from trembling aspen and two from alder. The cleistopycnidia of two of the aspen strains, including the type strain, were subglobose to flask-shaped (mostly 35–100 µm × 30–60 µm), and consisted solely of meristematic cells with thick cell walls that were heavily impregnated with melanin granules. Peridial cells were not visibly differentiated from locular cells and were also capable of forming endoconidia. Endoconidia were released from one to several sites of the cleistopycnidium by the dissolution of peridial cell wall. The alder strains shared these characteristics, except that their cleistopycnidia released both endoconidia and conidiogenous cells. Unlike those four strains, cleistopycnidia of the third aspen strain were cylindrical, often exceeding 500 µm in length, branched, and possessed a peridium of textura angularis that developed from short, determinate hyphae. Conidiogenous cells contained abundant lipid bodies that were not mobilized until the onset of endoconidiogenesis. The peridium at the basal area was prone to breakage by external forces, indicating that the individual cleistopycnidium, as a whole, functions as a dispersal unit. A small number of ITS nucleotide differences among strains corresponded to their observed morphological differences and host association. Phylogenetic analyses suggested a close relationship of E. populi with Hormonema carpetanum Bills, Peláez & Ruibal, and Coniozyma leucospermi (Crous & Denman) Crous.

scholarly journals Molecular and Phylogenetic Analyses of 16 Novel Simian T Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 from Africa: Close Relationship of STLV-1 from Allenopithecus nigroviridis to HTLV-1 Subtype B Strains

Virology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 287 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Meertens ◽  
Jacques Rigoulet ◽  
Philippe Mauclère ◽  
Monique Van Beveren ◽  
Guo Min Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Cell Leukemia ◽  
Cell Leukemia Virus Type ◽  
Subtype B ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
T Cell Leukemia Virus ◽  
Relationship Of

scholarly journals Pathogen inferred to have dispersed thousands of kilometres at sea, infecting multiple keystone kelp species

2021 ◽  
Vol 168 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail L. Mabey ◽  
Elahe Parvizi ◽  
Ceridwen I. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Marion Island ◽  
Brown Macroalgae ◽  
Ecosystem Responses ◽  
Durvillaea Antarctica ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Biodiversity And Ecosystem Function ◽  
Relationship Of

AbstractProtistan pathogens have been found to infect populations of some large brown macroalgae. Infection could reduce the ability of macroalgae to withstand hydrodynamic pressures through weakening tissues and reducing flexibility. Widespread mortality of macroalgae if disease outbreaks were to occur could have important flow-on consequences for biodiversity and ecosystem function. Recent discoveries of the protistan pathogen Maullinia infecting the ecologically keystone southern bull kelp Durvillaea in Chile, Australia, and on Marion Island, raise the possibility that this pathogen is dispersing across ocean basins with buoyant hosts. To determine whether Maullinia also infects southern bull kelp in New Zealand, samples of gall-like tissue from Durvillaea antarctica, D. poha, and D. willana were collected from intertidal sites, and genetic analyses (sequencing of partial 18S rRNA) carried out. Maullinia infections were detected in all three species of Durvillaea. Phylogenetic analyses show a close relationship of New Zealand Maullinia to M. braseltonii previously detected in Chile and on Marion Island. Based on its genetic similarity to distant lineages and its presence on buoyant hosts that have been shown to drift long distances at seas, we infer that Maullinia has dispersed across the Southern Ocean through rafting of infected bull kelp. Understanding the capacity of pathogens to disperse across oceans is critical part of forecasting and managing ecosystem responses to environmental change.

scholarly journals Genetic variability, cryptic species and phylogenetic relationship of six cyathostomin species based on mitochondrial and nuclear sequences

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Louro ◽  
Tetiana A. Kuzmina ◽  
Christina M. Bredtmann ◽  
Irina Diekmann ◽  
Luís M. Madeira de Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Intestinal Nematode ◽  
Mitochondrial Haplotypes ◽  
Nematode Parasites ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Geographic Regions ◽  
Second Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Relationship Of

AbstractCyathostomins are important intestinal nematode parasites of equines and include 50 accepted species. Their taxonomy has been frequently revised and the presence of cryptic species suggested. Furthermore, usually molecular- and morphology-based phylogenetic analyses give divergent results. In this study, the nucleotide sequences of the nuclear second internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) and the mitochondrial partial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) were determined for adults of six cyathostomin species (Coronocyclus coronatus, Coronocyclus labiatus, Cylicocyclus nassatus, Cylicostephanus calicatus, Cylicostephanus longibursatus, Cylicostephanus minutus) collected from different equine species within two geographic regions. Maximum likelihood trees were calculated for ITS-2, COI, and concatenated data. No obvious differentiation was observed between geographic regions or equine host species. As previously reported, Coronocyclus coronatus and Cylicostephanus calicatus revealed a close relationship. Cryptic species were detected in Cylicostephanus minutus and Cylicostephanus calicatus. Cylicocyclus nassatus and Coronocyclus labiatus showed diverse mitochondrial and nuclear haplotypes occurring in different combinations, while Cylicostephanus longibursatus was comparatively homogenous. In conclusion, a combined analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial haplotypes improved resolution of the phylogeny and should be applied to the remaining cyathostomin species and across additional equine host species and geographic regions.

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