Endoconidioma populi from aspen and alder: phylogeny, and variations in cleistopycnidial morphology and their ecological implications

Botany ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (7) ◽  
pp. 675-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Tsuneda ◽  
S. Hambleton ◽  
R. S. Currah
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽  
Ecological Implications ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Dispersal Unit ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
The Individual ◽  
External Forces ◽  
Relationship Of

Cleistopycnidial ontogeny and sequences of nuclear internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and large subunits (LSU) were compared for five strains of Endoconidioma populi Tsuneda et al.: three from trembling aspen and two from alder. The cleistopycnidia of two of the aspen strains, including the type strain, were subglobose to flask-shaped (mostly 35–100 µm × 30–60 µm), and consisted solely of meristematic cells with thick cell walls that were heavily impregnated with melanin granules. Peridial cells were not visibly differentiated from locular cells and were also capable of forming endoconidia. Endoconidia were released from one to several sites of the cleistopycnidium by the dissolution of peridial cell wall. The alder strains shared these characteristics, except that their cleistopycnidia released both endoconidia and conidiogenous cells. Unlike those four strains, cleistopycnidia of the third aspen strain were cylindrical, often exceeding 500 µm in length, branched, and possessed a peridium of textura angularis that developed from short, determinate hyphae. Conidiogenous cells contained abundant lipid bodies that were not mobilized until the onset of endoconidiogenesis. The peridium at the basal area was prone to breakage by external forces, indicating that the individual cleistopycnidium, as a whole, functions as a dispersal unit. A small number of ITS nucleotide differences among strains corresponded to their observed morphological differences and host association. Phylogenetic analyses suggested a close relationship of E. populi with Hormonema carpetanum Bills, Peláez & Ruibal, and Coniozyma leucospermi (Crous & Denman) Crous.

RESEARCH METHODS FOR STUDYING EVALUATION: ACADEMIC DISCOURSE PERSPECTIVE

2021 ◽  
pp. 105-115
Author(s):  
А.А. Водяницкая
Keyword(s):  
Academic Discourse ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Value Judgments ◽  
Value Judgment ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
A Value ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Relationship Of

Постановка задачи. Работа посвящена изучению традиционных подходов к исследованию оценочных значений и инновационных методов их изучения. Задача исследования заключается в анализе методов изучения оценки, которые можно было бы применить при выявлении оценочной специфики академического дискурса. Результаты. Как показало исследование, оценочные значения, оценка привлекают внимание исследователей различных областей знания, различных дискурсов. По-прежнему открыт вопрос разграничения эмоции, экспрессии и оценки. Тесная связь оценки с ценностями индивида, выносящего оценочное суждение, предполагает возможность ее изучения с позиций аксиологии, тогда как взаимосвязь с психологией позволяет подходить к оценке с точки зрения психологии (например, оценочные стили). Выводы. Комбинация традиционных и инновационных методов позволит выявить онтологические свойства оценки в академическом дискурсе. Речь идет о вербализованных оценочных суждениях, выносимых различными участниками академического дискурса. Вопросы оценочной категоризации, разграничение эмоции и оценки, оценочных стилей участников академического дискурса, привлечение корпуса текстов как источника материала и как инструмента познания представляются релевантными аспектами при изучении оценочной составляющей академического дискурса. Вместе с тем не все методы исследования оценки можно одинаково успешно использовать при изучении оценочной составляющей академического дискурса. Например, метод триады, предложенный Ж. Мартином, который на данном этапе исследован применительно к изучению устного академического дискурса в его специфическом проявлении - в драматическом тексте. Как представляется, данный метод требует более детальной разработки применительно к нехудожественной, повседневной, речи академического дискурса. Problem statement. The paper focuses on the study of traditional approaches evaluations and innovative methods of their study. The objective of the research. is to analyze the methods of studying evaluation that could be applied in identifying the evaluative specifics of academic discourse. Results. The research has revealed that evaluative meanings attract the attention of researchers in various fields of knowledge, various discourses. The question of differentiating emotion, expressive language means and evaluation is still open. The close relationship of assessment with the values of the individual making a value judgment suggests the possibility of studying it from the standpoint of axiology, while the relationship with psychology allows one to approach assessment from the point of view of psychology (for example, evaluative styles). Conclusion. The combination of traditional and innovative methods will reveal the ontological properties of assessment in academic discourse. We are talking about verbalized value judgments made by various participants in academic discourse. Issues of evaluative categorization, differentiation of emotion and evaluation, evaluative styles of participants in academic discourse, corpus-based analysis seem to be relevant aspects in the study of the evaluative component of academic discourse.

scholarly journals HISTORIOGRAPHY DIMENSION OF PROFESSIONAL SELF-DETERMINATION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE EUROPEAN AND AMERICAN PEDAGOGICAL APPROACHES

2018 ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
Mykola Chymak
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Pedagogical Practice ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Innovative Thinking ◽  
Professional Self ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Pedagogical Approaches

The article analyzes the problem of professional self-determination through the historiography prism of existing pedagogical practice. The research attention is focused on the structuring of authors’ models of professional self-determination in modern high school. The close relationship of completed professional self-determination with the domination of the creative approach and innovative thinking of the individual, at the theoretical and practical levels, is conceptualized. Keywords: historiography, professional self-determination, personality, pedagogical practice.

Circinella simplex—a misapplied name of Mucor circinatus sp. nov.

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 329 (3) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
DIOGO X. LIMA ◽  
CRISTINA M. SOUZA-MOTTA ◽  
LYSETT WAGNER ◽  
KERSTIN VOIGT ◽  
CARLOS A. F. DE SOUZA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Atlantic Rainforest ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Genus Mucor ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Sporangial Wall

Circinella (Mucorales, Mucoromycotina) is morphologically similar to Mucor, differing by the production of circinate sporangiophores and sporangia with a persistent and incrusted sporangial wall. During a study on the diversity of Mucorales in areas of the Atlantic Rainforest in Brazil, we isolated a strain that fits the current morphological concept of C. simplex of Hesseltine and Fennell (1955) by forming simple circinate sporangiophores with secondary branches and angular sporangiospores. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on three different markers (ITS, LSU and MCM7) confirmed conspecificity of the Brazilian strain with other angular spored strains of the CBS collection including the strain studied by Hesseltine & Fennell (1955). The molecular phylogenetic analyses clearly placed these strains in the genus Mucor in the close relationship to M. laxorrhizus and M. fuscus. However, in his original description van Tieghem (1875) described and illustrated C. simplex with sporangiophores without secondary branches and globose sporangiospores. Based on these striking morphological differences combined with a differing geographic distribution, we conclude that the angular-spored strains represent a separate undescribed species for which we propose the name Mucor circinatus sp. nov.

scholarly journals Universities Ideas About Human Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
E. Petrenko
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
The Body ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Research Analysis

The article discusses the main provisions of the book, in which its author described the development of man with certain differences from the ideas existing in universities on this problem, which arose as a result of his many years of research, analysis of his own and literary data. Human development at different stages, before and after birth, the author studied on the basis of taking into account the close relationship of all parts of the body of the individual, all his organs, such important features of his development as uneven growth rates and directions of organs and asynchronous during ontogenesis development of different emerging organ systems. The greatest novelty of such a representation in the book under discussion concerns the digestive, venous and lymphatic systems, the development of which the author has investigated to the greatest extent, although he has conducted other studies

Nodularia (Cyanobacteria, Nostocaceae): a phylogenetically uniform genus with variable phenotypes

Phytotaxa ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 172 (3) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klára Řeháková ◽  
Jan Mareš ◽  
Alena Lukešová ◽  
Eliška Zapomělová ◽  
Kateřina Bernardová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Taxonomic Resolution ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Relationship Of

The taxonomy of cyanobacteria currently faces the challenge of overhauling the traditional system to better reflect the results of phylogenetic analyses. In the present study, we assessed the phylogenetic position, morphological variability, ability to produce the toxin nodularin, and source habitat of 17 benthic and soil isolates of Nodularia. A combined analysis of two loci (partial 16S rRNA gene and rbcLX region) confirmed the genus as a monophyletic unit and the close relationship of its members. However, the taxonomic resolution at the subgeneric level was extremely problematic. The phylogenetic clustering did not show any reasonable congruence with either morphological or ecological features commonly used to separate taxa in heterocytous cyanobacteria. Despite the near phylogenetic similarity of planktonic, benthic and soil Nodularia strains, we did not find any new nodularin-producing strains among the non-planktonic isolates. The relatively low variability in conserved molecular markers within the genus Nodularia exemplifies the limitations of the currently accepted taxonomic workflow and polyphasic approach. Elucidation of mechanisms that drive the phenotypic variability in such groups presents a major challenge in cyanobacterial research.

scholarly journals Phylogeny of the Hawkmoth Tribe Ambulycini (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae): Mitogenomes from Museum Specimens Resolve Major Relationships

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martijn J T N Timmermans ◽  
Sainab M Daghmoumi ◽  
Deborah Glass ◽  
Chris A Hamilton ◽  
Akito Y Kawahara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Tropical Asia ◽  
Biogeographic History ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Dispersal Events

Abstract Ambulycini are a cosmopolitan tribe of the moth family Sphingidae, comprised of 10 genera, 3 of which are found in tropical Asia, 4 in the Neotropics, 1 in Africa, 1 in the Middle East, and 1 restricted to the islands of New Caledonia. Recent phylogenetic analyses of the tribe have yielded conflicting results, and some have suggested a close relationship of the monobasic New Caledonian genus CompsulyxHolloway, 1979 to the Neotropical ones, despite being found on opposite sides of the Pacific Ocean. Here, we investigate relationships within the tribe using full mitochondrial genomes, mainly derived from dry-pinned museum collections material. Mitogenomic data were obtained for 19 species representing nine of the 10 Ambulycini genera. Phylogenetic trees are in agreement with a tropical Asian origin for the tribe. Furthermore, results indicate that the Neotropical genus Adhemarius Oiticica Filho, 1939 is paraphyletic and support the notion that OrectaRothschild & Jordan 1903 and TrogolegnumRothschild & Jordan, 1903 may need to be synonymized. Finally, in our analysis the Neotropical genera do not collectively form a monophyletic group, due to a clade comprising the New Caledonian genus Compsulyx and the African genus BatocnemaRothschild & Jordan, 1903 being placed as sister to the Neotropical genus ProtambulyxRothschild & Jordan, 1903. This finding implies a complex biogeographic history and suggests the evolution of the tribe involved at least two long-distance dispersal events.

THE RELATIONSHIP OF PATTERN AND GRADIENT OF SLOPES TO SOIL TYPE

1965 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. Acton
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Glacial Landforms ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Three glacial landforms (hummocky moraine, linear disintegration ridge, and washboard ridge) resulting from ice disintegration were studied to determine the relationship of the type of landform to the distribution of soil members or series. A close relationship was observed between a soil member and the nature of the slope segment on which it occurred. Calcareous Dark Brown soils were observed on the uppermost convex portion of the slope on gradients usually greater than 8%; Orthic Dark Brown soils on simple intermediate slopes or 5–8% gradient; Eluviated Dark Brown soils on slightly concave footslopes of 1–3% gradient; Rego Dark Brown wherever 3–5% slopes extended from the margin of depressions; and Gleysolic soils in the concave depressions. The extent of the soil members was found to be a function of the extent of the individual slope segment present in the landform. Orthic Dark Brown soils predominated, to approximately the same extent, on all landforms. Gleysolic soils were extensive in hummocky moraines whereas Eluviated and Calcareous Dark Brown soils were more extensive on ridged landforms, particularly on linear disintegration ridges. Rego Dark Brown soils were most extensive on washboard ridges.

scholarly journals Pathogen inferred to have dispersed thousands of kilometres at sea, infecting multiple keystone kelp species

2021 ◽  
Vol 168 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail L. Mabey ◽  
Elahe Parvizi ◽  
Ceridwen I. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Marion Island ◽  
Brown Macroalgae ◽  
Ecosystem Responses ◽  
Durvillaea Antarctica ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Biodiversity And Ecosystem Function ◽  
Relationship Of

AbstractProtistan pathogens have been found to infect populations of some large brown macroalgae. Infection could reduce the ability of macroalgae to withstand hydrodynamic pressures through weakening tissues and reducing flexibility. Widespread mortality of macroalgae if disease outbreaks were to occur could have important flow-on consequences for biodiversity and ecosystem function. Recent discoveries of the protistan pathogen Maullinia infecting the ecologically keystone southern bull kelp Durvillaea in Chile, Australia, and on Marion Island, raise the possibility that this pathogen is dispersing across ocean basins with buoyant hosts. To determine whether Maullinia also infects southern bull kelp in New Zealand, samples of gall-like tissue from Durvillaea antarctica, D. poha, and D. willana were collected from intertidal sites, and genetic analyses (sequencing of partial 18S rRNA) carried out. Maullinia infections were detected in all three species of Durvillaea. Phylogenetic analyses show a close relationship of New Zealand Maullinia to M. braseltonii previously detected in Chile and on Marion Island. Based on its genetic similarity to distant lineages and its presence on buoyant hosts that have been shown to drift long distances at seas, we infer that Maullinia has dispersed across the Southern Ocean through rafting of infected bull kelp. Understanding the capacity of pathogens to disperse across oceans is critical part of forecasting and managing ecosystem responses to environmental change.

scholarly journals Genetic variability, cryptic species and phylogenetic relationship of six cyathostomin species based on mitochondrial and nuclear sequences

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Louro ◽  
Tetiana A. Kuzmina ◽  
Christina M. Bredtmann ◽  
Irina Diekmann ◽  
Luís M. Madeira de Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Intestinal Nematode ◽  
Mitochondrial Haplotypes ◽  
Nematode Parasites ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Geographic Regions ◽  
Second Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Relationship Of

AbstractCyathostomins are important intestinal nematode parasites of equines and include 50 accepted species. Their taxonomy has been frequently revised and the presence of cryptic species suggested. Furthermore, usually molecular- and morphology-based phylogenetic analyses give divergent results. In this study, the nucleotide sequences of the nuclear second internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) and the mitochondrial partial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) were determined for adults of six cyathostomin species (Coronocyclus coronatus, Coronocyclus labiatus, Cylicocyclus nassatus, Cylicostephanus calicatus, Cylicostephanus longibursatus, Cylicostephanus minutus) collected from different equine species within two geographic regions. Maximum likelihood trees were calculated for ITS-2, COI, and concatenated data. No obvious differentiation was observed between geographic regions or equine host species. As previously reported, Coronocyclus coronatus and Cylicostephanus calicatus revealed a close relationship. Cryptic species were detected in Cylicostephanus minutus and Cylicostephanus calicatus. Cylicocyclus nassatus and Coronocyclus labiatus showed diverse mitochondrial and nuclear haplotypes occurring in different combinations, while Cylicostephanus longibursatus was comparatively homogenous. In conclusion, a combined analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial haplotypes improved resolution of the phylogeny and should be applied to the remaining cyathostomin species and across additional equine host species and geographic regions.

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