scholarly journals Racial Differences in Vascular Function in Response to Mental Stress: Role of Acute Dietary Nitrate Supplementation

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremiah C. Campbell ◽  
John D. Akins ◽  
Guillermo Olvera ◽  
Bryon M. Curtis ◽  
David M. Keller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Racial Differences ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Dietary Nitrate ◽  
Nitrate Supplementation

Blunted Hyperemic Response to Mental Stress in Young, Non-Hispanic Black Men is not Impacted by Acute Dietary Nitrate Supplementation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Akins ◽  
Bryon M. Curtis ◽  
Jordan C. Patik ◽  
Guillermo Olvera ◽  
Aida Nasirian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Forearm Blood Flow ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Dietary Nitrate ◽  
Nitrate Supplementation ◽  
No Bioavailability

Non-Hispanic black individuals have an elevated prevalence of cardiovascular disease in large part, related to impaired vascular function, secondary to reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Nitrate supplementation increases NO bioavailability and improves vascular function. This study tested the hypothesis that forearm blood flow responses in young, non-Hispanic, black (BL) men during mental stress are blunted relative to, non-Hispanic, white (WH) men and that acute dietary nitrate supplementation would improve this response in BL men. This study was comprised of two parts. Phase 1 investigated the blood flow responses between young, BL and WH men whereas Phase 2 investigated the effect of acute nitrate supplementation in a subset of the BL men. Eleven (9 for Phase 2) BL and 8 WH men (23 ± 3 vs. 24 ± 4 y, respectively) participated. During each visit, brachial artery blood flow was assessed during 3 min of mental stress. Phase 1 was completed in one visit, while Phase 2 was completed over two visits separated by ~1-wk. During Phase 2, data were collected before and 2-h post-consumption of a beverage high in nitrate content or nitrate depleted. In Phase 1, peak forearm blood flow (FBF, P < 0.01), total FBF (P < 0.05), and forearm vascular conductance (P < 0.001) were blunted in the BL. During Phase 2, pre-beverage responses were unaffected following beverage consumption (P > 0.05 for all). Young, BL men have blunted microvascular vasodilatory responses to acute mental stress, which may not be altered following acute nitrate supplementation.

scholarly journals Role of Oral and Gut Microbiota in Dietary Nitrate Metabolism and Its Impact on Sports Performance

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3611
Author(s):  
Rocío González-Soltero ◽  
María Bailén ◽  
Beatriz de Lucas ◽  
Maria Isabel Ramírez-Goercke ◽  
Helios Pareja-Galeano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
Dietary Nitrate ◽  
Dietary Strategy ◽  
Nitrate Metabolism ◽  
Nitrate Supplementation

Nitrate supplementation is an effective, evidence-based dietary strategy for enhancing sports performance. The effects of dietary nitrate seem to be mediated by the ability of oral bacteria to reduce nitrate to nitrite, thus increasing the levels of nitrite in circulation that may be further reduced to nitric oxide in the body. The gut microbiota has been recently implicated in sports performance by improving muscle function through the supply of certain metabolites. In this line, skeletal muscle can also serve as a reservoir of nitrate. Here we review the bacteria of the oral cavity involved in the reduction of nitrate to nitrite and the possible changes induced by nitrite and their effect on gastrointestinal balance and gut microbiota homeostasis. The potential role of gut bacteria in the reduction of nitrate to nitrite and as a supplier of the signaling molecule nitric oxide to the blood circulation and muscles has not been explored in any great detail.

scholarly journals The Role of Dietary Nitrate and the Oral Microbiome on Blood Pressure and Vascular tone

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-53
Author(s):  
H.S. Alzahrani ◽  
K.G. Jackson ◽  
D.A. Hobbs ◽  
J.A. Lovegrove
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Vascular Tone ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Dietary Nitrate ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Abstract There is increasing evidence for the health benefits of dietary nitrates including lowering blood pressure and enhancing cardiovascular health. Although commensal oral bacteria play an important role in converting dietary nitrate to nitrite, very little is known about the potential role of these bacteria in blood pressure regulation and maintenance of vascular tone. The main purpose of this review is to present the current evidence on the involvement of the oral microbiome in mediating the beneficial effects of dietary nitrate on vascular function and to identify sources of inter and intra-individual differences in bacterial composition. A systematic approach was used to identify the relevant articles published on PubMed and Web of Science in English from January 1950 until September 2019 examining the effects of dietary nitrate on oral microbiome composition and association with blood pressure and vascular tone. To date, only a limited number of studies have been conducted, with n=9 in humans and n=3 in animals focusing mainly on blood pressure. In general, elimination of oral bacteria with use of a chlorhexidine based antiseptic mouthwash reduced the conversion of nitrate to nitrite and was accompanied in some studies by an increase in blood pressure in normotensive subjects. In conclusion, our findings suggest that oral bacteria may play an important role in mediating the beneficial effects of nitrate-rich foods on blood pressure. Further human intervention studies assessing the potential effects of dietary nitrate on oral bacteria composition and relationship to real time measures of vascular function are needed, particularly in individuals with hypertension and those at risk of developing cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals The role of dietary nitrate supplementation in neurovascular function

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1419
Author(s):  
Masahiro Horiuchi ◽  
GabriellaM.K. Rossetti ◽  
SamuelJ Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Nitrate ◽  
Nitrate Supplementation

scholarly journals Racial Differences in Vascular Function in Response to Mental Stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (5S) ◽  
pp. 541
Author(s):  
Bryon M. Curtis ◽  
John D. Akins ◽  
Jordan C. Patik ◽  
Guillermo X. Olvera ◽  
Aida Nasirian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Racial Differences ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Mental Stress

scholarly journals Effects of chronic dietary nitrate supplementation on longevity, vascular function and cancer incidence in rats

Redox Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 102209
Author(s):  
Lucas Rannier R.A. Carvalho ◽  
Drielle D. Guimarães ◽  
Atalia Ferreira L. Flôr ◽  
Ericka G. Leite ◽  
Clara R. Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Dietary Nitrate ◽  
Nitrate Supplementation

scholarly journals Monitoring and Modulating Inflammation-Associated Alterations in Synaptic Plasticity: Role of Brain Stimulation and the Blood–Brain Interface

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 359
Author(s):  
Maximilian Lenz ◽  
Amelie Eichler ◽  
Andreas Vlachos
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Brain Interface ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Inflammation of the central nervous system can be triggered by endogenous and exogenous stimuli such as local or systemic infection, trauma, and stroke. In addition to neurodegeneration and cell death, alterations in physiological brain functions are often associated with neuroinflammation. Robust experimental evidence has demonstrated that inflammatory cytokines affect the ability of neurons to express plasticity. It has been well-established that inflammation-associated alterations in synaptic plasticity contribute to the development of neuropsychiatric symptoms. Nevertheless, diagnostic approaches and interventional strategies to restore inflammatory deficits in synaptic plasticity are limited. Here, we review recent findings on inflammation-associated alterations in synaptic plasticity and the potential role of the blood–brain interface, i.e., the blood–brain barrier, in modulating synaptic plasticity. Based on recent findings indicating that brain stimulation promotes plasticity and modulates vascular function, we argue that clinically employed non-invasive brain stimulation techniques, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation, could be used for monitoring and modulating inflammation-induced alterations in synaptic plasticity.

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