scholarly journals Enhanced Caloric Efficiency Contributes to Adiposity in LA/N//‐ cp Corpulent Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Orien Tulp ◽  
Aftab Awan ◽  
George Einstein ◽  
Susan DeBolt
Keyword(s):  
Caloric Efficiency

scholarly journals 263 Effects of soybean meal level on growth performance of 11- to 25-kg nursery pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 87-88
Author(s):  
Henrique S Cemin ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Steve S Dritz ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Joel M DeRouchey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
Caloric Efficiency ◽  
Main Effects

Abstract Four experiments were conducted to determine the effects of increasing soybean meal (SBM) in diets with or without 25% DDGS on growth performance of nursery pigs. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial with main effects of SBM (27.5, 32.5, or 37.5%) and DDGS (0 or 25%). A total of 296, 2,502, 4,118, and 711 pigs, initially 10.6, 11.7, 12.5, and 12.3 kg, were used and there were 10, 16, 13, and 12 replicates per treatment in Exp. 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Experimental diets were fed for 21 d. Pigs were weighed and feed disappearance measured to calculate ADG, ADFI, G:F, and caloric efficiency (CE). Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS with block as random effect and treatment as fixed effect. The average cull rate was 0.7, 0.5, 0.2, and 0% and the mortality rate was 0.7, 0.3, 0.4, and 0% in Exp. 1 to 4, respectively. There were interactions (P ≤ 0.039) between SBM and DDGS for G:F and CE in Exp. 2 and for ADG and ADFI in Exp. 3. These were mostly driven by increasing SBM negatively affecting performance in a greater magnitude when diets contained DDGS compared to diets without DDGS. The main effects of DDGS and SBM were more consistent across experiments. Pigs fed diets with 25% DDGS had decreased (P ≤ 0.001) ADG and ADFI in all experiments as well as poorer (P ≤ 0.028) G:F and CE except for Exp. 3. Feeding increasing amounts of SBM generally did not result in any major impact in ADG, but consistently improved (linear, P ≤ 0.078) G:F and CE across experiments. The mechanism for this response is unclear but could be driven by intrinsic components of SBM or underestimating the energy value of SBM.

Subchronic air pollution exposure increases highly palatable food intake, modulates caloric efficiency and induces lipoperoxidation

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 370-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Gamalho da Silveira ◽  
Marlise Di Domenico ◽  
Paulo Hilário Nascimento Saldiva ◽  
Cláudia Ramos Rhoden
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Palatable Food ◽  
Caloric Efficiency ◽  
Air Pollution Exposure ◽  
Pollution Exposure

scholarly journals Effects of feeding varying ingredient particle sizes and diet forms for 25- to 50-lb nursery pigs on performance, caloric efficiency, and economics

2012 ◽  
pp. 305-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A De Jong ◽  
Michael D Tokach ◽  
Leland J McKinney ◽  
Joel M DeRouchey ◽  
Robert D Goodband ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Caloric Efficiency

scholarly journals Concerns about the misleading conclusions regarding estimation of the net energy value of soybean meal relative to corn using the caloric efficiency approach in pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Zhang ◽  
Zhongchao Li ◽  
Ling Liu
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Caloric Efficiency ◽  
Major Chemical ◽  
Net Energy Value ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractApart from energy balance trials such as calorimetry, growth trials could also be used to estimate the energy values of feed ingredients with caloric efficiency as an indicator. Recent work used such methods reported greater net energy (NE) value of soybean meal (SBM) relative to corn in nursery pigs. We theoretically compared the NE values of SBM and corn according to the definition of NE and properties of the major chemical compositions in each ingredient. Meanwhile, we thoroughly examined the diet formulations and related analysis used in this work and compared this study with some peer works. We found that this study may suffer from problems with experimental design, reference citation, and data interpretation. In summary, the conclusion from the recent work that the SBM NE value may be greater than the corn NE value is likely to be erroneous.

scholarly journals Effects of soybean meal level on growth performance of 11- to 25-kg nursery pigs12

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 694-707
Author(s):  
Henrique S Cemin ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Steve S Dritz ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Joel M DeRouchey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Caloric Efficiency ◽  
Quadratic Effects ◽  
Main Effects

Abstract Four experiments were conducted to determine the effects of increasing soybean meal (SBM) level in diets with or without 25% distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) on growth performance of nursery pigs raised in university or commercial facilities. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial with main effects of SBM (27.5%, 32.5%, or 37.5% of the diet) and DDGS (0% or 25% of the diet). A total of 296, 2,502, 4,118, and 711 pigs with initial body weight (BW) of 10.6, 11.7, 12.5, and 12.3 kg were used in Exp. 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. There were 10, 16, 13, and 12 replicates per treatment in Exp. 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. After weaning, pigs were fed common diets for approximately 21 d. Then, pens of pigs were assigned to treatments in a randomized complete block design with BW as the blocking factor and experimental diets were fed for 21 d. Pigs were weighed and feed disappearance measured to calculate average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), gain-to-feed ratio (G:F), and caloric efficiency (CE). Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS with block as a random effect and treatment as a fixed effect. Single degree-of-freedom contrasts were constructed to test the linear and quadratic effects of increasing SBM and their interactions with DDGS. Pigs used in all experiments did not undergo major health challenges during the experimental period and due to the low number of mortality and cull events, statistical analysis was not performed on these variables. The average cull rate was 0.7%, 0.5%, 0.2%, and 0%, and the mortality rate was 0.7%, 0.3%, 0.4%, and 0% in Exp. 1–4, respectively. There were interactions (P ≤ 0.039) between SBM and DDGS for G:F and CE in Exp. 2 and for ADG and ADFI in Exp. 3. These were mostly driven by increasing SBM negatively affecting performance in a greater magnitude when diets contained DDGS compared to diets without DDGS. The main effects of DDGS and SBM were more consistently observed across experiments. Pigs fed diets with 25% DDGS had decreased (P ≤ 0.001) ADG and ADFI in all experiments, as well as poorer (P ≤ 0.028) G:F and CE except for Exp. 3. Feeding increasing amounts of SBM generally did not result in any major impact in ADG but consistently improved (linear, P ≤ 0.078) G:F and CE across experiments.

Glucocorticoids and insulin: complex interaction on brown adipose tissue

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (5) ◽  
pp. R1209-R1216 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Strack ◽  
C. J. Horsley ◽  
R. J. Sebastian ◽  
S. F. Akana ◽  
M. F. Dallman
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Insulin Effect ◽  
Caloric Efficiency ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
System Input ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes

Glucocorticoids and insulin effect long-term reciprocal changes in food intake and body weight. We tested the interactions of corticosterone and insulin on caloric efficiency, white adipose tissue (WAT) stores, and brown adipose tissue (BAT). Two experiments were performed: 1) adrenalectomized rats were treated with corticosterone with or without streptozotocin-induced diabetes and 2) adrenalectomized, corticosterone-treated, diabetic rats were treated with insulin. By 4-5 days later, > or = 50% of the variance in caloric efficiency, plasma triglycerides, and WAT stores was explained by regression of these variables on corticosterone (catabolic) and insulin (anabolic). When the ratio of the hormones was normal, but concentrations high, overall gain of energy stores decreased and energy was redistributed to fat. Both hormones were anabolic on BAT lipid storage; the hormones played a complex role in the regulation of uncoupling protein (UCP) in BAT. Although corticosterone inhibited and insulin stimulated UCP, these effects were only evident in diabetics and with normoglycemia, respectively. For BAT variables, < or = 50% of the variance was explained by regression on corticosterone and insulin, suggesting that the effects of these hormones are mediated through an intermediate such as sympathetic nervous system input to BAT.

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