Dietary Acid Load and Blood Pressure in Healthy Adults

Background: Mild metabolic acidosis may result in elevated blood pressure (BP). Several formulas to estimate dietary acid load have been developed. However, studies in which these formulas have been validated are limited. Objectives: To validate and/or improve existing formulas for dietary acid load and to examine the association between dietary protein, acid load and BP. Methods: We performed a randomized 14d crossover dietary intervention involving 37 healthy subjects (age: 21±2 y) who consumed individualized, isocaloric diets that were either low or high in protein (0.5 versus 2.0 g protein/kg BW/d). Duplicate portions of the provided diets were collected and analysed for energy and nutrients. We used two measures to characterize dietary acid load (i.e. PRAL and NEAP). Urinary Net Acid Excretion (NAE; i.e. titratable acid + ammonium - bicarbonate) was analysed. BP was measured according to standardized procedures. Results: Mean dietary intakes significantly differed between the low and high protein diet, resulting in significantly different acid load values (Table 1, all p<0.001). The correlation between PRAL and NAE was 0.08 in the low protein diet and 0.62 in the high protein diet. For NEAP the correlations were 0.27 and 0.32. PRAL explained 69% of the variance of NAE, which could not be improved by adding other variables to the formula. Systolic BP was 108.4±7.5 and 109.5±8.0 mmHg on the low and high protein diet respectively (p=0.25). Conclusion: PRAL predicts NAE reasonably well in healthy adults for normal to high protein intake. PRAL can be influenced by diet, but this cannot be clearly attributed to protein intake alone. PRAL does not seem to influence short-term BP in healthy adults with normal BP.

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Estimated Dietary Acid Load Is Not Associated with Blood Pressure or Hypertension Incidence in Men Who Are Approximately 70 Years Old

Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.3945/jn.114.197020 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 145 (2) ◽

pp. 315-321 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Desiree Luis ◽

Xiaoyan Huang ◽

Ulf Riserus ◽

Per Sjögren ◽

Bengt Lindholm ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Dietary Acid Load ◽

Dietary Acid ◽

Acid Load

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Interaction Between Dietary Acid Load and IL6 -572 G/C Polymorphism on Blood Pressure Among Postmenopausal Women in Malaysia

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa058_022 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 1264-1264

Author(s):

Sook Yee Lim ◽

Yoke Mun Chan ◽

Ramachandran Vasudevan ◽

Mohd Shariff Zalilah ◽

Yit Siew Chin

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Positive Association ◽

Gene Interaction ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Significant Positive Association ◽

Dietary Acid Load ◽

Dietary Acid ◽

Acid Load

Abstract Objectives We examined whether IL6 single nucleotide genetic polymorphism modified the association between dietary acid load (DAL) and blood pressure among postmenopausal women in Malaysia. Methods A total of 211 community-dwelling postmenopausal women were recruited. Dietary intakes of participants were assessed using a validated interview-administered semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire while DAL was estimated using potential renal acid load (PRAL). Agena® MassARRAY genotyping analysis was used to identify the IL6 genotype and blood pressure was measured using a Digital Automatic BP monitor (OMRON HEM-907, Japan). Interaction between DAL and IL6 -572 G/C polymorphism was assessed using linear regression test. Results There was a significant interaction between DAL and IL6 -572 G/C polymorphism on systolic blood pressure (SBP) (Pinteraction = 0.041). A significant positive association between DAL and SBP with stronger relationship in CG and GG genotype carriers compare to CC carriers were observed. On the other hand, there was no significant diet-gene interaction effect on diastolic blood pressure. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the association between DAL and SBP might be influenced by IL6 -572 G/C polymorphism among postmenopausal women. Further work on how IL6 -572 G/C polymorphism influences the association with DAL on hypertension are warranted. Funding Sources Supported by Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS), Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia, and Putra Grant UPM.

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Dietary Acid Load and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors—A Narrative Review

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12113419 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 3419

Author(s):

Joanna Ostrowska ◽

Justyna Janiszewska ◽

Dorota Szostak-Węgierek

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Significant Positive Association ◽

Dietary Acid Load ◽

Cardiometabolic Disorders ◽

Dietary Acid ◽

Acid Load

The Western, diet rich in acidogenic foods (e.g., meat, fish and cheese) and low in alkaline foods (e.g., vegetables, fruits and legumes), is deemed to be a cause of endogenous acid production and elevated dietary acid load (DAL), which is a potential cause of metabolic acidosis. Multiple authors have suggested that such a dietary pattern increases the excretion of calcium and magnesium, as well as cortisol secretion. In addition, it is associated with decreased citrate excretion. All of these seem to increase blood pressure and insulin resistance and may contribute to the development of cardiometabolic disorders. However, there are inconsistencies in the results of the studies conducted. Therefore, this narrative literature review aims to present the outcomes of studies performed in recent years that investigated the association between DAL and the following cardiometabolic risk factors: blood pressure, hypertension, carbohydrate metabolism and lipid profile. Study outcomes are divided into (i) statistically significant positive association, (ii) statistically significant inverse association, and (iii) no statistically significant association.

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