scholarly journals Dietary Acid Load and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors—A Narrative Review

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3419
Author(s):  
Joanna Ostrowska ◽  
Justyna Janiszewska ◽  
Dorota Szostak-Węgierek
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Dietary Acid Load ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disorders ◽  
Dietary Acid ◽  
Acid Load

The Western, diet rich in acidogenic foods (e.g., meat, fish and cheese) and low in alkaline foods (e.g., vegetables, fruits and legumes), is deemed to be a cause of endogenous acid production and elevated dietary acid load (DAL), which is a potential cause of metabolic acidosis. Multiple authors have suggested that such a dietary pattern increases the excretion of calcium and magnesium, as well as cortisol secretion. In addition, it is associated with decreased citrate excretion. All of these seem to increase blood pressure and insulin resistance and may contribute to the development of cardiometabolic disorders. However, there are inconsistencies in the results of the studies conducted. Therefore, this narrative literature review aims to present the outcomes of studies performed in recent years that investigated the association between DAL and the following cardiometabolic risk factors: blood pressure, hypertension, carbohydrate metabolism and lipid profile. Study outcomes are divided into (i) statistically significant positive association, (ii) statistically significant inverse association, and (iii) no statistically significant association.

Dietary acid load and cardiometabolic risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 2823-2834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elnaz Daneshzad ◽  
Fahimeh Haghighatdoost ◽  
Leila Azadbakht
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Acid ◽  
Acid Load

AbstractObjective:Dietary acid load (DAL) might contribute to change the levels of cardiometabolic risk factors; however, the results are conflicting. The present review was conducted to determine the relationship between DAL and cardiometabolic risk factors.Design:Systematic review and meta-analysis.Setting:A systematic search was conducted in electronic databases including ISI Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus and Google Scholar for observational studies which assessed cardiometabolic risk factors across DAL. Outcomes were lipid profile, glycaemic factors and anthropometric indices. Effect sizes were derived using a fixed- or random-effect model (DerSimonian–Laird). Also, subgroup analysis was performed to find the probable source of heterogeneity. Egger’s test was performed for finding any publication bias.Results:Thirty-one studies were included in the current review with overall sample size of 92 478. There was a significant relationship between systolic blood pressure (SBP; weighted mean difference (WMD) = 1·74 (95 % CI 0·25, 3·24) mmHg;P= 0·022;I2= 95·3 %), diastolic blood pressure (DBP; WMD = 0·75 (95 % CI 0·07, 1·42) mmHg;P= 0·030;I2= 80·8 %) and DAL in cross-sectional studies. Serum lipids, glycaemic parameters including fasting blood sugar, glycated Hb, serum insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance and waist circumference had no significant relationship with DAL. No publication bias was found. BMI was not associated with DAL in both cross-sectional and cohort studies.Conclusions:Higher DAL is associated with increased SBP and DBP. More studies are needed to find any relationship of DAL with lipid profile and glycaemic factors.

scholarly journals Associations of Serum Folate and Holotranscobalamin With Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Rural and Urban Cameroon

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1058-1058
Author(s):  
Camille Mba ◽  
Albert Koulman ◽  
Stephen Sharp ◽  
Nita Forouhi ◽  
Fumiaki Imamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Serum Folate ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Metabolic Risk Score

Abstract Objectives Previous studies mostly in Western populations suggest that a low exposure to B-vitamins (folate and vitamin B12 in particular) are associated with increased cardiometabolic disease risk. This study aimed to examine the association of blood concentrations of folate and holotranscobalamin (holoTC) with cardiometabolic risk factors in adults in Cameroon. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional population-based study in 497 adults. We measured serum folate and holoTC by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and “sandwich” ELISA respectively. Total folate was calculated excluding the oxidation product 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. The outcomes were individual cardiometabolic risk factors and a continuous metabolic risk score. We fitted linear regression models to examine the association between B-vitamins and cardiometabolic risk factors and estimated β-coefficients and 95% confidence intervals per standard deviation (SD) difference in each B vitamin variable. Results Mean age was 38.2 (SD: 8.6) years and 63.5% of the participants were women. Mean serum folate was 15.9 (SD: 10.8) nmol/L and holoTC was 74.1 (SD: 33.7) pmol/L. Rural residents had higher concentrations of serum folate but lower holoTC than urban residents. There was a significant inverse association between serum folate and the metabolic risk score (−0.22 (−0.41 to −0.03)) in a multivariable model adjusted for age, sex, education level, smoking, alcohol intake, rural/urban site and BMI. This association was attenuated to the null after further adjustments for objectively measured physical activity (PAEE) and holoTC. HoloTC was positively associated with the metabolic risk score in unadjusted analysis (0.29 (0.08 to 0.51)) but attenuated to the null after adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics. For individual risk factors, an inverse association was observed between serum folate and diastolic blood pressure, which was unaffected by adjustment for confounders including PAEE and holoTC (−1.18 (−2.16 to − 0.20)). Conclusions In Cameroon, serum folate and holoTC were associated with the metabolic risk score in opposite directions, partly depending on potential demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. The inverse association between serum folate and the metabolic risk score was likely driven by the blood pressure component. Funding Sources None.

scholarly journals Interaction Between Dietary Acid Load and IL6 -572 G/C Polymorphism on Blood Pressure Among Postmenopausal Women in Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1264-1264
Author(s):  
Sook Yee Lim ◽  
Yoke Mun Chan ◽  
Ramachandran Vasudevan ◽  
Mohd Shariff Zalilah ◽  
Yit Siew Chin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Gene Interaction ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Dietary Acid Load ◽  
Dietary Acid ◽  
Acid Load

Abstract Objectives We examined whether IL6 single nucleotide genetic polymorphism modified the association between dietary acid load (DAL) and blood pressure among postmenopausal women in Malaysia. Methods A total of 211 community-dwelling postmenopausal women were recruited. Dietary intakes of participants were assessed using a validated interview-administered semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire while DAL was estimated using potential renal acid load (PRAL). Agena® MassARRAY genotyping analysis was used to identify the IL6 genotype and blood pressure was measured using a Digital Automatic BP monitor (OMRON HEM-907, Japan). Interaction between DAL and IL6 -572 G/C polymorphism was assessed using linear regression test. Results There was a significant interaction between DAL and IL6 -572 G/C polymorphism on systolic blood pressure (SBP) (Pinteraction = 0.041). A significant positive association between DAL and SBP with stronger relationship in CG and GG genotype carriers compare to CC carriers were observed. On the other hand, there was no significant diet-gene interaction effect on diastolic blood pressure. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the association between DAL and SBP might be influenced by IL6 -572 G/C polymorphism among postmenopausal women. Further work on how IL6 -572 G/C polymorphism influences the association with DAL on hypertension are warranted. Funding Sources Supported by Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS), Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia, and Putra Grant UPM.

Vitamin D and Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors in Overweight Adults: An Overview of the Evidence

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (22) ◽  
pp. 2407-2420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Valer-Martinez ◽  
J. Alfredo Martinez ◽  
Carmen Sayon-Orea ◽  
Fabio Galvano ◽  
Giuseppe Grosso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disorders ◽  
Overweight Adults

Background: Several studies have suggested a potential association between low vitamin D serum levels and several pathological conditions apart from the well-known bone disorders. Thus, vitamin D insufficiency has been linked to cardiometabolic risk factors including obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, as well as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Objective: This review intends to provide an overview of recent evidence from clinical studies on vitamin D [25- hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D)] and cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight adults. Furthermore, we also discussed potential mechanisms and limits of the retrieved results. Methods: The search process was based on the selection of publications (RCT) listed in PubMed and Cochrane Library databases. Results: Vitamin D status evidenced an inversely strong association with subcutaneous adipose tissue and visceral adiposity, but not significantly related to other bodyweight measures (i.e., body mass index). Studies have shown a potential inverse association of hypovitaminosis D with insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusion: The mechanisms by which vitamin D deficiency enhances adiposity, as well as putative association with metabolic syndrome features, remain still unclear. Further investigation would be required to conclude whether vitamin D has an independent role in preventing cardiometabolic disorders.

scholarly journals Keseimbangan asam-basa tubuh dan kejadian sindrom metabolik pada remaja obesitas

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Firdananda Fikri Jauharany ◽  
Nurmasari Widyastuti
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Dietary Acid Load ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Dietary Acid ◽  
Acid Load

Background: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome increased in young population, indicated by the rise in obesity among children and adolescent. The Western dietary pattern was one of the causes. A Western diet rich in animal protein can produce acid during the metabolic process and may cause an acid-excess in the body (dietary acid load). This process was contributed to acid-base balance through the metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids (cysteine and methionine) which produce H+ ions as well as lowering the pH.Objective: To examine the association between acid-base balance and components of metabolic syndrome among obese adolescent.Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 40 obese adolescents in Semarang high school. We measured Potential Renal Acid Load (PRAL) score and pH urine as an acid-base indicator. MetS are defined ≥ 3 following risk factors: waist circumference ≥90th percentile, blood pressure ≥90th percentile, triglycerides ≥110 mg/dl, HDL levels ≤40 mg/dl, and fasting blood glucose levels ≥110 mg/dl. Normality test used the Shapiro-Wilk test (n <50). The bivariate analysis used Pearson test, Rank-Spearman test, and Chi-Square test. The multivariate analysis used Multivariate Linear Regression analysis of Backward.Results: PRAL score was associated with waist circumference (r=0,347; p=0,028), sistolic blood pressure (r=0,590; p=<0,001), diastolic blood pressure (r=0,668; p=<0,001), and triglyceride levels (r=0,362; p=0,022). pH urin was not associated with any risk factors of MetS.Conclusion: High dietary acid load may be a risk factor for the development of MetS.

Increased monocyte to HDL cholesterol ratio in vitamin B12 deficiency: is it related to cardiometabolic risk?

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Sanem Kayhan ◽  
Nazli Gulsoy Kirnap ◽  
Mercan Tastemur
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
B12 Deficiency ◽  
Deficiency Group

Abstract. Vitamin B12 deficiency may have indirect cardiovascular effects in addition to hematological and neuropsychiatric symptoms. It was shown that the monocyte count-to-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio (MHR) is a novel cardiovascular marker. In this study, the aim was to evaluate whether MHR was high in patients with vitamin B12 deficiency and its relationship with cardiometabolic risk factors. The study included 128 patients diagnosed with vitamin B12 deficiency and 93 healthy controls. Patients with vitamin B12 deficiency had significantly higher systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), MHR, C-reactive protein (CRP) and uric acid levels compared with the controls (median 139 vs 115 mmHg, p < 0.001; 80 vs 70 mmHg, p < 0.001; 14.2 vs 9.5, p < 0.001; 10.2 vs 4 mg/dl p < 0.001; 6.68 vs 4.8 mg/dl, p < 0.001 respectively). The prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy was higher in vitamin B12 deficiency group (43.8%) than the control group (8.6%) (p < 0.001). In vitamin B12 deficiency group, a positive correlation was detected between MHR and SBP, CRP and uric acid (p < 0.001 r:0.34, p < 0.001 r:0.30, p < 0.001 r:0.5, respectively) and a significant negative correlation was detected between MHR and T-CHOL, LDL, HDL and B12 (p < 0.001 r: −0.39, p < 0.001 r: −0.34, p < 0.001 r: −0.57, p < 0.04 r: −0.17, respectively). MHR was high in vitamin B12 deficiency group, and correlated with the cardiometabolic risk factors in this group, which were SBP, CRP, uric acid and HDL. In conclusion, MRH, which can be easily calculated in clinical practice, can be a useful marker to assess cardiovascular risk in patients with vitamin B12 deficiency.

Association between maternal prepregnancy body mass index with offspring cardiometabolic risk factors: analysis of three Brazilian birth cohorts

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Mariane da Silva Dias ◽  
Alicia Matijasevich ◽  
Ana Maria B. Menezes ◽  
Fernando C. Barros ◽  
Fernando C. Wehrmeister ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Prepregnancy Bmi ◽  
Prepregnancy Body Mass Index

Abstract Evidence suggests that maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) is associated with offspring cardiometabolic risk factors. This study was aimed at assessing the association of maternal prepregnancy BMI with offspring cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescence and adulthood. We also evaluated whether offspring BMI was a mediator in this association. The study included mother–offspring pairs from three Pelotas birth cohorts. Offspring cardiometabolic risk factors were collected in the last follow-up of each cohort [mean age (in years) 30.2, 22.6, 10.9]. Blood pressure was measured using an automatic device, cholesterol by using an enzymatic colorimetric method, and glucose from fingertip blood, using a portable glucose meter. In a pooled analysis of the cohorts, multiple linear regression was used to control for confounding. Mediation analysis was conducted using G-computation formula. In the adjusted model, mean systolic blood pressure of offspring from overweight and obese mothers was on average 1.25 (95% CI: 0.45; 2.05) and 2.13 (95% CI: 0.66; 3.59) mmHg higher than that of offspring from normal-weight mothers; for diastolic blood pressure, the means were 0.80 (95% CI: 0.26; 1.34) and 2.60 (95% CI: 1.62; 3.59) mmHg higher, respectively. Non-HDL cholesterol was positively associated with maternal BMI, whereas blood glucose was not associated. Mediation analyses showed that offspring BMI explained completely the association of maternal prepregnancy BMI with offspring systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and non-HDL cholesterol. Our findings suggest that maternal prepregnancy BMI is positively associated with offspring blood pressure, and blood lipids, and this association is explained by offspring BMI.

Abstract MP67: Lactation Duration and Subsequent Intima Media Thickness in Women During Midlife Controlling for Pre-pregnancy Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: The CARDIA Study

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica P Gunderson ◽  
Cora E. Lewis ◽  
Xian Ning ◽  
Mark Pletcher ◽  
David Jacobs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Media Thickness ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Lactation Duration

Background: Greater lactation duration has been associated with lower incidence of the metabolic syndrome, and self-reported type 2 diabetes and heart disease in women later in life. Two retrospective studies reported higher carotid artery intima-media thickness among parous women who never or inconsistently breastfed, but no clear association with duration. However, lactation history was recalled many years later and heart disease risk factors were not measured before pregnancy. We hypothesized that lactation duration has a graded inverse association with subclinical atherosclerosis in women during mid-life independent of pre-pregnancy cardiometabolic risk factors. Methods: We examined 846 women (46% Black), aged 18-30 years at enrollment in 1985-1986 (baseline) in the biracial Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Women included delivered 1 or more live births from 1986-2005, had no history of heart disease or diabetes before pregnancies, and had maximum common carotid intima media thickness (ccIMT, mm) measured in 2005-2006 at ages 38-50 years. Lactation duration was recalled within 1 to 4 years of delivery. We categorized women into four lactation groups according to cumulative duration for all post-baseline births; 0-<1 month (n=262), 1-<6 months (n=210), 6-10 months (n=169) and >10 months (n=205). Multiple linear regression models estimated mean ccIMT (95% CI) among lactation categories adjusted for pre-pregnancy cardiometabolic risk factors [BMI, systolic blood pressure (SBP), HDL-C, HOMA-IR], parity, socio-demographics (age, race, education), and smoking. We also assessed weight gain and change in SBP as mediators of the lactation and ccIMT association. Results: Increasing lactation duration showed a graded inverse association with mean ccIMT; differences between >10 months vs. 0<1 month groups ranged from -0.062 from the unadjusted model (p<0.001) and -0.029 from adjusted models (p=0.046) that included pre-pregnancy risk factors and other covariates. Weight gain and SBP change during the 20-year follow up slightly attenuated (~10%) the ccIMT-association with increased lactation duration. Conclusions: Greater lactation duration is associated with lower mean ccIMT independent of cardiometabolic risk factors measured before pregnancy, parity, socio-demographics and smoking. Lactation may have lasting favorable effects on cardiometabolic risk factors for heart disease.

Abstract P148: Neck Circumference as an Independent Contributor to Cardio Metabolic Risk Factors - ELSA BRASIL

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina P Baena ◽  
Paulo A Lotufo ◽  
Maria J Fonseca ◽  
Isabela J Benseñor
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Neck Circumference ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Low Hdl

Background: Neck circumference is a proxy for upper body fat and it is a simple anthropometric measure. Therefore it could be a useful tool to identify individuals with cardiometabolic risk factors in the context of primary care. Hypothesis: Neck circumference is independently associated to cardiometabolic risk factors in an apparently healthy population. Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil), a cohort of 15105 civil servants aged 35-74 years. We excluded from this analysis those who fulfilled American Diabetes Association criteria for diabetes diagnosis, were taking antihypertensive and/or lipid-lowering drugs. A sex-specific analysis was conducted. Partial correlation (age-adjusted) was used. Risk factors were set as low HDL<50mg/dL for women and <40mg/dL for men, hypertriglyceridemia ≥ 150 mg/dl , hypertension as systolic blood pressure ≥130 mg/dl or diastolic blood pressure ≥85 mm Hg and insulin resistance(HOMA-IR ≥ 75th percentile). Logistic regression models were built to analyze the association between individual and clustered risk factors as dependent variables and 1-SD increase in neck circumference as independent variable. Multiple adjustments were subsequently performed for age, smoking, alcohol, body-mass index, waist and physical activity. Receiver Operating Curves were employed to find the best NC cut-off points for clustered risk factors. Results: We analyzed 3810 men (mean age= 49.0 ±8.3 yrs) and 4916 women (49.2 ±8.0 yrs). Mean NC was 38.9 (±2.6)cm for men and 33.4(±2.6)cm for women. NC positively correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure (r=0.21 and r=0.27), HOMA - IR (r=0.44), triglycerides (r=0.31) and negatively correlated with HDL (r= -0.21) in men (p<0.001 for all) with similar results in women. Fully adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) (95% CI) of risk factor per SD increase in neck circumference in men and women were 1.29(1.14;1.46) and 1.42(1.28;1.57) for insulin resistance; 1.24(1.11;1.39) and 1.25(1.11;1.40) for hypertension; 1.33(1.19;1.49) and 1.42(1.29;1.63) for hypertriglyceridemia; 1.07(0.92;1.23) and 1.32 (1.19;1.43) for low HDL. Fully adjusted OR (95% CI) of 2 clustered risk factor per SD increase in neck circumference in men and women were 1.29(1.14;1.48) and 1.37(1.21;1.54 ). Fully adjusted OR (95% CI) of 3 or more clustered risk factors per SD increase in neck circumference in men and women were 1.33 (1.02;1.74) and 1.62 (1.33;1.92). Values of neck circumference of >40 cm for men and >34.1 cm for women were the best cut-off points for 3 or more clustered risk factors. Conclusion: Neck circumference is significantly and independently associated to cardiometabolic risk factors in a well-defined non-treated population. It should be considered as a marker of cardio metabolic risk factors in primary care settings.

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