Interaction Between Dietary Acid Load and IL6 -572 G/C Polymorphism on Blood Pressure Among Postmenopausal Women in Malaysia

Abstract Objectives We examined whether IL6 single nucleotide genetic polymorphism modified the association between dietary acid load (DAL) and blood pressure among postmenopausal women in Malaysia. Methods A total of 211 community-dwelling postmenopausal women were recruited. Dietary intakes of participants were assessed using a validated interview-administered semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire while DAL was estimated using potential renal acid load (PRAL). Agena® MassARRAY genotyping analysis was used to identify the IL6 genotype and blood pressure was measured using a Digital Automatic BP monitor (OMRON HEM-907, Japan). Interaction between DAL and IL6 -572 G/C polymorphism was assessed using linear regression test. Results There was a significant interaction between DAL and IL6 -572 G/C polymorphism on systolic blood pressure (SBP) (Pinteraction = 0.041). A significant positive association between DAL and SBP with stronger relationship in CG and GG genotype carriers compare to CC carriers were observed. On the other hand, there was no significant diet-gene interaction effect on diastolic blood pressure. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the association between DAL and SBP might be influenced by IL6 -572 G/C polymorphism among postmenopausal women. Further work on how IL6 -572 G/C polymorphism influences the association with DAL on hypertension are warranted. Funding Sources Supported by Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS), Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia, and Putra Grant UPM.

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No Interaction Effect between Interleukin-6 Polymorphisms and Acid Ash Diet with Bone Resorption Marker in Postmenopausal Women

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18020827 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 827

Author(s):

Sook Yee Lim ◽

Yoke Mun Chan ◽

Vasudevan Ramachandran ◽

Zalilah Mohd Shariff ◽

Yit Siew Chin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Resorption ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Interaction Effect ◽

Interleukin 6 ◽

Gene Polymorphisms ◽

Bone Resorption Marker ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Dietary Acid Load ◽

Dietary Acid ◽

Acid Load

Background: Evidence is growing that a high-acid diet might accelerate the rate of bone loss, and gene polymorphisms such as Interleukin 6 (IL6) -174G/C and -572G/C are related to bone deterioration. However, no study of the interaction between diet and IL6 polymorphisms has been conducted among Asians. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine whether IL6 gene polymorphisms modified the association between dietary acidity and the rate of bone resorption. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 203 postmenopausal women (age ranged from 51 to 85 years old) in community settings. The dietary intakes of the participants were assessed using a validated interviewer-administered semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), while dietary acid load (DAL) was estimated using net endogenous acid production (NEAP). Agena® MassARRAY genotyping analysis and serum collagen type 1 cross-linked C-telopeptide (CTX1) were used to identify the IL6 genotype and as a bone resorption marker, respectively. The interactions between diet and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were assessed using linear regressions. Results: A total of 203 healthy postmenopausal women aged between 51 and 85 years participated in this study. The mean BMI of the participants was 24.3 kg/m2. In IL6 -174 G/C, all the participants carried the GG genotype, while the C allele was absent. Approximately 40% of the participants had a high dietary acid load. Dietary acid load (B = 0.15, p = 0.031) and the IL6 -572 CC genotype group (B = 0.14, p = 0.044) were positively associated with a higher bone resorption. However, there was no moderating effect of the IL6 genetic polymorphism on the relationship between and acid ash diet and bone resorption markers among the postmenopausal women (p = 0.79). Conclusion: High consumption of an acid ash diet and the IL6 -572 C allele seem to attribute to high bone resorption among postmenopausal women. However, our finding does not support the interaction effect of dietary acidity and IL6 (-174G/C and -572G/C) polymorphisms on the rate of bone resorption. Taken together, these results have given scientific research other candidate genes to focus on which may interact with DAL on bone resorption, to enhance planning for preventing or delaying the onset of osteoporosis among postmenopausal women.

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Dietary Acid Load and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors—A Narrative Review

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12113419 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 3419

Author(s):

Joanna Ostrowska ◽

Justyna Janiszewska ◽

Dorota Szostak-Węgierek

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Significant Positive Association ◽

Dietary Acid Load ◽

Cardiometabolic Disorders ◽

Dietary Acid ◽

Acid Load

The Western, diet rich in acidogenic foods (e.g., meat, fish and cheese) and low in alkaline foods (e.g., vegetables, fruits and legumes), is deemed to be a cause of endogenous acid production and elevated dietary acid load (DAL), which is a potential cause of metabolic acidosis. Multiple authors have suggested that such a dietary pattern increases the excretion of calcium and magnesium, as well as cortisol secretion. In addition, it is associated with decreased citrate excretion. All of these seem to increase blood pressure and insulin resistance and may contribute to the development of cardiometabolic disorders. However, there are inconsistencies in the results of the studies conducted. Therefore, this narrative literature review aims to present the outcomes of studies performed in recent years that investigated the association between DAL and the following cardiometabolic risk factors: blood pressure, hypertension, carbohydrate metabolism and lipid profile. Study outcomes are divided into (i) statistically significant positive association, (ii) statistically significant inverse association, and (iii) no statistically significant association.

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Dietary Acid Load and Its Interaction with IGF1 (rs35767 and rs7136446) and IL6 (rs1800796) Polymorphisms on Metabolic Traits among Postmenopausal Women

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13072161 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 2161

Author(s):

Sook Yee Lim ◽

Yoke Mun Chan ◽

Vasudevan Ramachandran ◽

Zalilah Mohd Shariff ◽

Yit Siew Chin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Significant Interaction Effect ◽

Single Nucleotide ◽

Dietary Acid Load ◽

Metabolic Traits ◽

Dietary Acid ◽

Acid Load

The objective of this study was to explore the effects of dietary acid load (DAL) and IGF1 and IL6 gene polymorphisms and their potential diet–gene interactions on metabolic traits. A total of 211 community-dwelling postmenopausal women were recruited. DAL was estimated using potential renal acid load (PRAL). Blood was drawn for biochemical parameters and DNA was extracted and Agena® MassARRAY was used for genotyping analysis to identify the signalling of IGF1 (rs35767 and rs7136446) and IL6 (rs1800796) polymorphisms. Interactions between diet and genetic polymorphisms were assessed using regression analysis. The result showed that DAL was positively associated with fasting blood glucose (FBG) (β = 0.147, p < 0.05) and there was significant interaction effect between DAL and IL6 with systolic blood pressure (SBP) (β = 0.19, p = 0.041). In conclusion, these findings did not support the interaction effects between DAL and IGF1 and IL6 single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs35767, rs7136446, and rs1800796) on metabolic traits, except for SBP. Besides, higher DAL was associated with higher FBG, allowing us to postulate that high DAL is a potential risk factor for diabetes.

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Associations between age-related changes in bone microstructure and strength and dietary acid load in a cohort of community-dwelling, healthy men and postmenopausal women

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/nqaa191 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 112 (4) ◽

pp. 1120-1131

Author(s):

Maria Papageorgiou ◽

Fanny Merminod ◽

Thierry Chevalley ◽

Bert van Rietbergen ◽

Serge Ferrari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Bone Microstructure ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Healthy Men ◽

Dietary Acid Load ◽

Age Related ◽

Dietary Acid ◽

Acid Load ◽

Age Related Changes

ABSTRACT Background The importance of dietary acid load (DAL) in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis is still debated. Age-related changes in bone microstructure and strength in relation to DAL remain largely unexplored. Objectives We investigated the associations between changes in areal and volumetric bone mineral density (BMD), bone microstructure and strength, fracture risk, and DAL in a prospective cohort of 65-y-old healthy men and postmenopausal women. Methods Potential renal acid load (PRAL; mEq/d) was calculated as a DAL proxy to characterize participants’ diet as alkaline (Alk-D; PRAL < −5), neutral (Neut-D; −5 ≤ PRAL ≤ 5), or acidic (Acid-D; PRAL >5). We measured areal BMD (aBMD) by DXA, and distal radius and tibia bone microstructure using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography, at baseline (n = 853) and after 6.1 ± 1.4 y (n = 708). Bone strength was estimated using finite element analyses at baseline and after 3.0 ± 0.5 y (n = 613). Prevalent and incident fractures were recorded. Results The majority of the participants (59%) had an Alk-D, while 23% had a Neut-D, and 18% an Acid-D. Baseline aBMD and bone microstructure and strength did differ or were slightly better in women or men with an Acid-D versus those consuming an Alk-D or Neut-D. Indeed, women with an Acid-D had higher trabecular number (P = 0.010 vs. Alk-D; P = 0.001 vs. Neut-D), while men had higher hip and radius aBMD (P = 0.008 and 0.024 vs. Neut-D, respectively) and radius strength (P = 0.026 vs. Neut-D). Over the follow-up, women in the Acid-D group experienced lower cortical and endocortical bone loss at the radius than did the Alk-D and Neut-D groups (cortical thickness, P = 0.008 and < 0.001; trabecular area, P = 0.001 and < 0.001, respectively). No association between fractures and PRAL was observed. Conclusions These null or favourable associations between baseline values or changes in aBMD, bone microstructure and strength, and DAL in this cohort of 65-y-old healthy individuals do not support adverse DAL-mediated effects on bone. This trial was registered at http://www.isrctn.com as ISRCTN11865958.

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Dietary Acid Load and Blood Pressure in Healthy Adults

The FASEB Journal ◽

10.1096/fasebj.2021.35.s1.04279 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 35 (S1) ◽

Author(s):

Michael Axler ◽

Andrea Lobene ◽

Katarina Smiljanec ◽

Macarena Ramos Gonzalez ◽

Alexis Mbakwe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Healthy Adults ◽

Dietary Acid Load ◽

Dietary Acid ◽

Acid Load

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Estimated Dietary Acid Load Is Not Associated with Blood Pressure or Hypertension Incidence in Men Who Are Approximately 70 Years Old

Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.3945/jn.114.197020 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 145 (2) ◽

pp. 315-321 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Desiree Luis ◽

Xiaoyan Huang ◽

Ulf Riserus ◽

Per Sjögren ◽

Bengt Lindholm ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Dietary Acid Load ◽

Dietary Acid ◽

Acid Load

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Association of dietary acid load and plant-based diet index with sleep, stress, anxiety and depression in diabetic women

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114519003179 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 123 (8) ◽

pp. 901-912 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Elnaz Daneshzad ◽

Seyed-Ali Keshavarz ◽

Mostafa Qorbani ◽

Bagher Larijani ◽

Nick Bellissimo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Sleep Problems ◽

Mental Health Disorders ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Dietary Acid Load ◽

Dietary Acid ◽

Acid Load ◽

Health Disorders

AbstractDiabetes is a common chronic disease with various complications. The present study was conducted to determine the association of plant-based diet index (PDI) and dietary acid load (DAL) with sleep status as well as mental health in type 2 diabetic women. In this cross-sectional study, a validated FFQ was used to assess dietary intakes of 230 diabetic patients. We created a whole PDI, healthful PDI (hPDI) and unhealthful PDI (uPDI). DAL was calculated based on potential renal acid load and net endogenous acid production method. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and twenty-one-item Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale were used to assess sleep and mental health disorders, respectively. Participants in the top group of uPDI had greater risk of poor sleep (OR 6·47, 95 % CI 2·75, 15·24). However, patients who were in the top group of hPDI had a lower risk of sleep problems (OR 0·28, 95 % CI 0·13, 0·62). Participants in the top group of uPDI had greater risk of depression, anxiety and stress (OR 9·35, 95 % CI 3·96, 22·07; OR 4·74, 95 % CI 2·28, 9·85; OR 4·24, 95 % CI 2·14, 8·38, respectively). In conclusion, participants with higher DAL scores and patients who adhered to animal-based diets rather than plant-based diets were more likely to be poor sleepers and have mental health disorders.

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