scholarly journals Aflatoxin M1 and ochratoxin A levels in breast milk in Ankara, Turkey (1017.8)

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Banugül Barut Uyar ◽  
Nilgün Karaağaoğlu ◽  
Gözde Girgin ◽  
Aylin Gürbay ◽  
Ergun Karaağaoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Aflatoxin M1

An assessment of the occurrence and nutritional factors associated with aflatoxin M1, ochratoxin A, and zearalenone in the breast milk of nursing mothers in Hamadan, Iran

Toxicon ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 187 ◽  
pp. 209-213
Author(s):  
Fateme Samiee ◽  
Ava Kharazi ◽  
Jomana Elaridi ◽  
Masoumeh Taravati Javad ◽  
Mostafa Leili
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Nursing Mothers

Occurrence of Ochratoxin A and Aflatoxin M1 in human breast milk in Sari, Iran

Food Control ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 525-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Afshar ◽  
M. Shokrzadeh ◽  
S. Kalhori ◽  
Z. Babaee ◽  
S.S. Saeedi Saravi
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast

scholarly journals Monitoring Early-Life Mycotoxin Exposures via LC-MS/MS Breast Milk Analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Braun ◽  
Chibundu N. Ezekiel ◽  
Wilfred A. Abia ◽  
Lukas Wisgrill ◽  
Gisela H. Degen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Biological Fluid ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Milk Analysis ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Food Contaminants

Infants are particularly susceptible towards the toxic effects of food contaminants including mycotoxins. However, multi-mycotoxin exposure assessment in breast milk has received very limited attention so far, resulting in a poor understanding of co-exposures during early-life. Here, we present the development and application of a highly sensitive, specific and quantitative assay assessing up to 28 mycotoxins including regulated (aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone) and emerging mycotoxins as well as key metabolites by LC-MS/MS. After careful optimization of the sample preparation procedure, a QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) protocol combined with a freeze-out step was utilized for method validation. The limits of quantification varied between 0.009 and 2.9 ng/mL, and for most analytes extraction recovery (74-116%) and intermediate precision (2-20%) were satisfactory. The method was applied to examine multiple breast milk samples obtained from 22 women (n=75 in total) from Ogun State, Nigeria. Most samples were either entirely free of mycotoxins or contaminated to a minimal extent with beauvericin (56%), enniatins B (9%), ochratoxin A (15%) and aflatoxin M1 (1%). The most abundant mycotoxin was beauvericin, which was not reported in this biological fluid before, with concentrations up to 0.019 ng/mL. In conclusion, the method demonstrated to be fit for purpose to determine and quantify low background contaminations in human breast milk. Based on the high sensitivity of the novel analytical method, it was possible to deduce that tolerable daily intake values were not exceeded by breastfeeding in the examined infants.

scholarly journals Monitoring Early-Life Mycotoxin Exposures via LC-MS/MS Breast Milk Analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Braun ◽  
Chibundu N. Ezekiel ◽  
Wilfred A. Abia ◽  
Lukas Wisgrill ◽  
Gisela H. Degen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Biological Fluid ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Milk Analysis ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Food Contaminants

Infants are particularly susceptible towards the toxic effects of food contaminants including mycotoxins. However, multi-mycotoxin exposure assessment in breast milk has received very limited attention so far, resulting in a poor understanding of co-exposures during early-life. Here, we present the development and application of a highly sensitive, specific and quantitative assay assessing up to 28 mycotoxins including regulated (aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone) and emerging mycotoxins as well as key metabolites by LC-MS/MS. After careful optimization of the sample preparation procedure, a QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) protocol combined with a freeze-out step was utilized for method validation. The limits of quantification varied between 0.009 and 2.9 ng/mL, and for most analytes extraction recovery (74-116%) and intermediate precision (2-20%) were satisfactory. The method was applied to examine multiple breast milk samples obtained from 22 women (n=75 in total) from Ogun State, Nigeria. Most samples were either entirely free of mycotoxins or contaminated to a minimal extent with beauvericin (56%), enniatins B (9%), ochratoxin A (15%) and aflatoxin M1 (1%). The most abundant mycotoxin was beauvericin, which was not reported in this biological fluid before, with concentrations up to 0.019 ng/mL. In conclusion, the method demonstrated to be fit for purpose to determine and quantify low background contaminations in human breast milk. Based on the high sensitivity of the novel analytical method, it was possible to deduce that tolerable daily intake values were not exceeded by breastfeeding in the examined infants.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Mycotoxins in Infant Breast Milk and Infant Food, Reviewing the Literature Data

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 535
Author(s):  
Marta Hernández ◽  
Ana Juan-García ◽  
Juan Carlos Moltó ◽  
Jordi Mañes ◽  
Cristina Juan
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Population Group ◽  
The United States ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Infant Food ◽  
Cereal Products ◽  
High Prevalence

In this review, an analysis focusing on mycotoxin determination in infant breast milk and infant food has been summarised for the last fifteen years of research focused on the intended population group of 1–9 months. The objective was to know the level of exposure of the child population to an estimated daily intake (EDI) of mycotoxins from the consumption of habitual foods. The EDI was compared with the tolerable daily intake (TDI) established by EFSA to estimate risk. In breast milk, the high prevalence and levels were for samples from Africa (Egypt and Tanzania) with aflatoxin M1 (1.9 μg/L and 10%), and Asia (Iran) with ochratoxin-A (7.3 μg/L and 100%). In infant formulas, high incidences and values were for samples with aflatoxin M1 from Burkina Faso (167 samples, 84%, 87 μg/kg). In cereal products, the highest incidence was for DON from the United States (96 samples), and the highest value was an Italian sample (0.83 μg/kg of enniatin B). In fruit products, patulin was the most detected in Italian (78) and Spanish (24) samples. The highest risk was observed in breast milk during the first month of age, the highest EDI for aflatoxin M1 was reported for Egypt (344–595 ng/kg bw/day) and ochratoxin-A for Iran (97–167ng/kg bw/day), representing a public health problem.

Metabolomics analysis underlay mechanisms in the renal impairment of mice caused by combination of aflatoxin M1 and ochratoxin A

Toxicology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 152835
Author(s):  
Ziwei Wang ◽  
Yanan Gao ◽  
Xin Huang ◽  
Shengnan Huang ◽  
Xue Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Impairment ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Metabolomics Analysis

Determination of mean daily intakes of aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin M1, ochratoxin A, trichothecenes and fumonisins in 24-hour diets of children in the Netherlands

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bakker ◽  
E. Sizoo ◽  
A. Jekel ◽  
D.P. Pereboom-de Fauw ◽  
R. Schothorst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Diet Study ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Daily Intakes ◽  
Aflatoxin B

In 2006, a duplicate diet study of children's food was carried out in the Netherlands. Parents or guardians of 123 children collected duplicates of the 24-hour diets. Levels of aflatoxin M1, aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A, trichothecenes and fumonisins were determined. Aflatoxin M1 was detectable in 10% of the samples, with all toxin levels below the limit of quantification. Aflatoxin B1 could be detected in 80% of the samples, while in 47% of all samples aflatoxin B1 was quantifiable. Ochratoxin A could be quantified in all samples. Deoxynivalenol was quantified in almost every sample, while T-2 and HT-2 toxins could only be quantified in 3.2% and 6.4% of the samples respectively. 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol was detected in 1.6% of the samples. Fumonisin B1 was detected in 28% of the samples and fumonisin B2 in a quarter of merely those samples where fumonisin B1 was detected. In 20% of the samples fumonisin B1 could be quantified and in a quarter of those samples fumonisin B2 could be quantified too. The analytical results were used to estimate levels of daily intake. Only the mean daily intake levels for aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol and fumonisins B1 and B2 could reliably be estimated. The values were 0.1, 4.1, 291 and 28 ng/kg bw/day respectively, all are well below the corresponding tolerable daily intakes. For aflatoxin B1 a tolerable intake does not exist, but the intake value for this mycotoxin was very low if compared to the value that would result from the intake of food, if it was contaminated with aflatoxin B1 at the EU regulatory limit, specified for baby food. The mean daily intakes of the mycotoxins determined in children's food in the Netherlands are low and implicate that there is no health risk for children due to exposure from the studied mycotoxins.

Immunoassays for Analysis of Mycotoxins

1984 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 562-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
FUN SUN CHU
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Protein Conjugates ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Past

During the past few years, several laboratories have prepared specific antibodies against aflatoxins B1, M1, B2a and Q1, ochratoxin A, T-2 toxin, and zearalenone. These antibodies were obtained from rabbits after immunizing with various mycotoxin-protein conjugates. With the availability of these antibodies, specific, simple and sensitive radioimmunoassay (RIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) procedures for monitoring mycotoxins and their metabolites in foods, feeds and body fluids have been developed. In this review, details are presented for the preparation of antibodies and the application of RIA and ELISA to determine aflatoxins B1 and M1, ochratoxin A and T-2 toxin in corn, peanuts, milk and other biological fluids. The sensitivity of ELISA for analysis of these mycotoxins in foods varied from 0.1 μg/L for aflatoxin M1 in milk to 5 μg/kg of aflatoxin B1 in peanuts. The advantages and disadvantages of ELISA for monitoring mycotoxins in foods and feeds are discussed. In addition, a description of recent progress on simplified clean-up procedures which may increase the sensitivity of immunoassays is presented.

Analysis of Aflatoxin M1 in Breast Milk and Its Association with Nutritional and Socioeconomic Status of Lactating Mothers in Lebanon

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (10) ◽  
pp. 1737-1741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jomana Elaridi ◽  
Maya Bassil ◽  
Joelle Abi Kharma ◽  
Farah Daou ◽  
Hussein F. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
World Health ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most potent of the dietary aflatoxins, and its major metabolite, aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), is frequently found in the breast milk of lactating mothers. The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence and factors associated with AFM1 contamination of breast milk collected from lactating mothers in Lebanon. A total of 111 breast milk samples were collected according to the guidelines set by the World Health Organization. Samples were analyzed with a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay between December 2015 and November 2016. A survey was used to determine the demographic and anthropometric characteristics of participating lactating mothers. Dietary habits were assessed using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Mean (±standard deviation) concentration of AFM1 in the breast milk samples was 4.31 ± 1.8 ng/L, and 93.8% of samples contained AFM1 at 0.2 to 7.9 ng/L. The mean concentration of AFM1 was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in fall and winter (4.1 ± 1.9 ng/L) than in spring and summer (5.0 ± 1.7 ng/L). None of the samples exceeded the European Commission regulation limit (25 ng/L) for infant milk replacement formula. AFM1 contamination was significantly associated (P < 0.05) with the daily consumption of white cheeses but not with the consumption of meat or cereal products. No significant association (P > 0.05) was observed between AFM1 concentrations in breast milk and anthropometric sociodemographic factors (age and level of education) or the governorate of residence of the nursing mothers. The mean AFM1 estimated daily intake was found to be 0.69 ng/day/kg of body weight. Although the incidence of AFM1 contamination was low, our first-of-its-kind study highlights the importance of conducting investigations on mycotoxin contamination in breast milk and of developing protection strategies to tackle the exposure of infants to this potent chemical hazard.

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