Metabolomics analysis underlay mechanisms in the renal impairment of mice caused by combination of aflatoxin M1 and ochratoxin A

Toxicology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 152835
Author(s):  
Ziwei Wang ◽  
Yanan Gao ◽  
Xin Huang ◽  
Shengnan Huang ◽  
Xue Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Impairment ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Metabolomics Analysis

scholarly journals Aflatoxin M1 and ochratoxin A levels in breast milk in Ankara, Turkey (1017.8)

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Banugül Barut Uyar ◽  
Nilgün Karaağaoğlu ◽  
Gözde Girgin ◽  
Aylin Gürbay ◽  
Ergun Karaağaoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Aflatoxin M1

Determination of mean daily intakes of aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin M1, ochratoxin A, trichothecenes and fumonisins in 24-hour diets of children in the Netherlands

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bakker ◽  
E. Sizoo ◽  
A. Jekel ◽  
D.P. Pereboom-de Fauw ◽  
R. Schothorst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Diet Study ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Daily Intakes ◽  
Aflatoxin B

In 2006, a duplicate diet study of children's food was carried out in the Netherlands. Parents or guardians of 123 children collected duplicates of the 24-hour diets. Levels of aflatoxin M1, aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A, trichothecenes and fumonisins were determined. Aflatoxin M1 was detectable in 10% of the samples, with all toxin levels below the limit of quantification. Aflatoxin B1 could be detected in 80% of the samples, while in 47% of all samples aflatoxin B1 was quantifiable. Ochratoxin A could be quantified in all samples. Deoxynivalenol was quantified in almost every sample, while T-2 and HT-2 toxins could only be quantified in 3.2% and 6.4% of the samples respectively. 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol was detected in 1.6% of the samples. Fumonisin B1 was detected in 28% of the samples and fumonisin B2 in a quarter of merely those samples where fumonisin B1 was detected. In 20% of the samples fumonisin B1 could be quantified and in a quarter of those samples fumonisin B2 could be quantified too. The analytical results were used to estimate levels of daily intake. Only the mean daily intake levels for aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol and fumonisins B1 and B2 could reliably be estimated. The values were 0.1, 4.1, 291 and 28 ng/kg bw/day respectively, all are well below the corresponding tolerable daily intakes. For aflatoxin B1 a tolerable intake does not exist, but the intake value for this mycotoxin was very low if compared to the value that would result from the intake of food, if it was contaminated with aflatoxin B1 at the EU regulatory limit, specified for baby food. The mean daily intakes of the mycotoxins determined in children's food in the Netherlands are low and implicate that there is no health risk for children due to exposure from the studied mycotoxins.

Immunoassays for Analysis of Mycotoxins

1984 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 562-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
FUN SUN CHU
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Protein Conjugates ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Past

During the past few years, several laboratories have prepared specific antibodies against aflatoxins B1, M1, B2a and Q1, ochratoxin A, T-2 toxin, and zearalenone. These antibodies were obtained from rabbits after immunizing with various mycotoxin-protein conjugates. With the availability of these antibodies, specific, simple and sensitive radioimmunoassay (RIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) procedures for monitoring mycotoxins and their metabolites in foods, feeds and body fluids have been developed. In this review, details are presented for the preparation of antibodies and the application of RIA and ELISA to determine aflatoxins B1 and M1, ochratoxin A and T-2 toxin in corn, peanuts, milk and other biological fluids. The sensitivity of ELISA for analysis of these mycotoxins in foods varied from 0.1 μg/L for aflatoxin M1 in milk to 5 μg/kg of aflatoxin B1 in peanuts. The advantages and disadvantages of ELISA for monitoring mycotoxins in foods and feeds are discussed. In addition, a description of recent progress on simplified clean-up procedures which may increase the sensitivity of immunoassays is presented.

scholarly journals Modulation of Mucin (MUC2, MUC5AC and MUC5B) mRNA Expression and Protein Production and Secretion in Caco-2/HT29-MTX Co-Cultures Following Exposure to Individual and Combined Aflatoxin M1 and Ochratoxin A

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Huang ◽  
Yanan Gao ◽  
Songli Li ◽  
Chenqing Wu ◽  
Jiaqi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Intestinal Cell ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Protein Abundance ◽  
Mucin Production ◽  
Intestinal Mucin

Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) and ochratoxin A (OTA), which widely coexist in milk, may pose a serious threat to human health. Mucin is a major component of the intestinal mucus layer, which plays an important role in maintaining intestinal mucosal homeostasis. However, the effect of mycotoxins AFM1 and OTA on intestinal mucin production is still not clear. This study aimed to investigate individual and interactive effects of mycotoxins AFM1 and OTA on the intestinal barrier and the mRNA expression of intestinal mucin (MUC2, MUC5AC and MUC5B) and on protein production in Caco-2/HT29-MTX cultures after 48 h of exposure. Our results show that individual mycotoxins and their mixtures significantly reduced intestinal cell viability and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) values, as well as significantly altered intestinal mucin mRNA expression and protein abundance. Moreover, OTA showed toxicity similar to AFM1 in cell viability and TEER value at the same concentration. When the two mycotoxins acted in combination, the synergistic effects observed in the assessment of cell viability and protein abundance in all mono- and co-cultures. In general, this study provides evidence that AFM1 and OTA can damage the intestine, and it contributes to optimized maximum permissible limits of mycotoxins in milk.

scholarly journals Modulation of Intestinal Epithelial Permeability in Differentiated Caco-2 Cells Exposed to Aflatoxin M1 and Ochratoxin A Individually or Collectively

Toxins ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanan Gao ◽  
Songli Li ◽  
Jiaqi Wang ◽  
Chaochao Luo ◽  
Shengguo Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Epithelial Permeability

Occurrence of Ochratoxin A and Aflatoxin M1 in human breast milk in Sari, Iran

Food Control ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 525-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Afshar ◽  
M. Shokrzadeh ◽  
S. Kalhori ◽  
Z. Babaee ◽  
S.S. Saeedi Saravi
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast

scholarly journals Estimated 24-hour urinary sodium excretion as a risk factor for oxidative stress in Zambian adults: A cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0242144
Author(s):  
Violet Kayamba ◽  
Paul Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Urine Sodium ◽  
Urinary Levels ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Introduction Persistent oxidative stress predisposes to various non-communicable diseases (NCDs), whose occurrence is increasing in sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this study was to evaluate the link between markers of oxidative stress and some risk factors for NCDs in a Zambian cohort. Methods We assessed oxidative stress by measuring 8-isoprostane (lipid oxidative stress) and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (DNA oxidative stress). In addition, we measured mycotoxins (aflatoxin M1 and ochratoxin A), salt intake estimated from 24-hour sodium excretion calculated using the Tanaka and Kawaski formulae, and 1-hydroxypyrene (a metabolite of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons). Data on lifestyle risk factors were collected using questionnaires. Results Included were 244 participants; 128 (52%) were female and the median age was 48 years (IQR 39–58). The median level of 8-isoprostane was 0.13 ng/mg creatinine (IQR 0.08–0.23) while that of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was 4 ng/mg creatinine (IQR 2–10). The median 24-hour sodium excretion was 21 g (IQR 16–25 g), with none being less than the 5 g recommended by WHO. Unadjusted urinary levels of 8-isoprostane were moderately correlated with 1-hydroxypyrene (Spearman r = 0.30, p<0.001) and estimated 24-hour urine sodium (Spearman r = 0.38, p<0.001). Urinary levels of 8-OHdG were not correlated with 1-hydroxypyrene, estimated 24-hour urine sodium, aflatoxin M1 or ochratoxin A (all p-values >0.05). Using logistic regression, adjusted and unadjusted 8-isoprostanes levels were associated with 1-hydroxypyrene (p = 0.02 and p = 0.001 respectively) and estimated 24-hour urine sodium method (p = 0.003 and p<0.001 respectively). However, only unadjusted 8-OHdG was associated with 1-hydroxypyrene (p = 0.03) and age (p = 0.007). Conclusions Estimated 24-hour urinary sodium is high among Zambians and it is associated with lipid but not DNA oxidative stress. High exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is also associated with oxidative stress.

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