THE INFLUENCE OF RESISTANCE TRAINING ON ENDURANCE PERFORMANCE IN FEMALE ENDURANCE CYCLISTS 1502

1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
D. Bishop ◽  
D. G. Jenkins ◽  
L. T. Mackinnon ◽  
M. F. Carey ◽  
M. McEniery
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Endurance Performance

Maintenance of Strength Gains While Performing Endurance Training in Oarswomen

1993 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Bell ◽  
D. G. Syrotuik ◽  
K. Attwood ◽  
H. A. Quinney
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Resistance Training Program ◽  
Leg Press ◽  
Ventilation Threshold ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

This study investigated the retention of strength gained after resistance training, while performing aerobic endurance training. Following a 10-week resistance training program (three times a week) that included maintenance aerobic endurance training (twice a week), 18 varsity oarswomen were matched on strength and randomly assigned to two groups: Group 1 performed maintenance resistance training once a week and Group 2 performed resistance training twice a week. Both groups performed endurance training four times a week during the 6-week maintenance resistance training program. There was a significant increase in strength (multiple-RM test) for three upper and three lower body exercises after the initial 10-week resistance training program. A further significant increase in two exercises (inclined leg press and knee flexion) were observed after 6 weeks of maintenance resistance training and endurance training in both groups. No further significant increases were observed in the four other exercises during maintenance strength training. These latter findings occurred at the same time that VO2max and ventilation threshold increased. These results suggest that strength gains can be maintained with resistance training once or twice a week while focusing on improving aerobic endurance performance without compromising the latter. Key words: repetition maximum, ventilation threshold, endurance performance

scholarly journals Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Does Not Impair Responses to Resistance Training

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Knut S. Mølmen ◽  
Daniel Hammarström ◽  
Gunnar S. Falch ◽  
Morten Grundtvig ◽  
Lise Koll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Core Outcome ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

AbstractRationaleSubjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are prone to accelerated decay of muscle strength and mass with advancing age. This is mediated by systemic pathophysiologies, which are also believed to impair responses to exercise training, a notion that remains largely unstudied.ObjectivesTo investigate the presence of impaired training responsiveness in COPD, measured as responses to resistance training compared to healthy participants.MethodsCOPD (GOLD grade II-III, n=20, age 69±5) and Healthy (n=58, age 67±4) conducted identical whole-body resistance training interventions, consisting of two weekly, supervised training sessions for 13 weeks. Leg exercises were performed unilaterally, with one leg conducting high-load training (10 repetitions maximum; RM) and the contralateral leg conducting low-load training (30RM).Measurements and Main ResultsMeasurements included muscle strength (n=7), endurance performance (n=6), muscle mass (n=2), muscle quality, muscle biology (vastus lateralis; muscle fiber characteristics, RNA content including transcriptome) and health-related variables (body composition, blood). For core outcome domains, weighted combined factors were calculated from the range of singular assessments.COPD showed marked improvements in lower-limb muscle strength/mass/quality and lower-limb/whole-body endurance performance, resembling or exceeding those of Healthy, measured as both relative and absolute change terms. This was accompanied by similar changes in muscle biological hallmarks (total RNA/rRNA content↑, muscle fiber cross-sectional area↑, type IIX proportions↓, changes in the mRNA transcriptome). Neither of the core outcome domains were differentially affected by resistance training load.ConclusionsCOPD showed marked, unimpaired and hitherto unrecognized responsiveness to resistance training, rejecting the notion of disease-related impairments in training responsiveness.

Effects and prevalence of nonresponders after 12 weeks of high-intensity interval or resistance training in women with insulin resistance: a randomized trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 985-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Álvarez ◽  
Rodrigo Ramírez-Campillo ◽  
Robinson Ramírez-Vélez ◽  
Mikel Izquierdo
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Glucose Control ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Control Variables ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Our aim was to investigate the effects and prevalence of nonresponders (NR) to high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and resistance training (RT) in women with insulin resistance on cardiometabolic health parameters. Sedentary overweight/obese insulin-resistant women (age = 33.5 ± 6.5 yr; body mass index = 29.9 ± 3.7 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to a triweekly HIIT program (HIIT; n = 18) or resistance training (RT; n = 17). Anthropometry (body mass, fat mass, muscle mass, waist circumference, and skinfold thickness), cardiovascular (blood pressure), metabolic [fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and homeostatic model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)], as well as muscle strength, and endurance performance covariables were measured before and after 12 wk in both intervention groups. The interindividual variability to exercise training of the subjects was categorized as responders and NR using as cut points two times the typical error of measurement in mean outcomes. After intervention, significant reduction in waist circumference, skinfold thicknesses, fat mass, blood pressure, fasting glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR ( P < 0.05) were identified to HIIT and RT group, respectively. Both HIIT and RT groups exhibited a significant decrease in the endurance performance, whereas only RT exhibited increased muscle strength. Significant differences in the NR prevalence between the HIIT and RT groups were identified for a decrease in fat mass (HIIT 33.3% vs. RT 70.5%; P = 0.028), muscle mass (HIIT 100% vs. RT 52.9%; P = 0.001), and tricipital skinfold (HIIT 5.5% vs. RT 29.4%; P < 0.041). For diastolic blood pressure, significant differences were observed in the NR prevalence between the HIIT and RT groups (55.5% vs. 94.1; P = 0.009). However, there were no differences in the NR prevalence between HIIT and RT for decreasing fasting glucose. Twelve weeks of HIIT and RT have similar effects and NR prevalence to improve glucose control variables; however, there is different NR prevalence in other anthropometric, cardiovascular, strength, and endurance performance measurements in insulin-resistant women. These findings were displayed with a similar time investment per week of 114 vs. 108 min, respectively, to HIIT and RT. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The effects and prevalence of nonresponders (NR) to improve glucose control variables have predominately been reported by endurance training. A uniqueness of the present study was to examine the NR prevalence in women with insulin resistance after high-intensity interval (HIIT) and resistance training (RT). This study demonstrates that 12 wk of HIIT and RT have similar effects and NR prevalence to improve glucose control variables. However, significantly different NR prevalence were observed in other anthropometric, cardiovascular, strength, and endurance performance measurements.

scholarly journals Resistance and Endurance Exercise Training Induce Differential Changes in Gut Microbiota Composition in Murine Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Fernández ◽  
Manuel Fernández-Sanjurjo ◽  
Eduardo Iglesias-Gutiérrez ◽  
Pablo Martínez-Camblor ◽  
Claudio J. Villar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Bioinformatics Pipeline ◽  
Resistance Performance ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Background: The effect of resistance training on gut microbiota composition has not been explored, despite the evidence about endurance exercise. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of resistance and endurance training on gut microbiota composition in mice.Methods: Cecal samples were collected from 26 C57BL/6N mice, divided into three groups: sedentary (CTL), endurance training on a treadmill (END), and resistance training on a vertical ladder (RES). After 2 weeks of adaption, mice were trained for 4 weeks, 5 days/week. Maximal endurance and resistance capacity test were performed before and after training. Genomic DNA was extracted and 16S Ribosomal RNA sequenced for metagenomics analysis. The percentages for each phylum, class, order, family, or genus/species were obtained using an open-source bioinformatics pipeline.Results: END showed higher diversity and evenness. Significant differences among groups in microbiota composition were only observed at genera and species level. END showed a significantly higher relative abundance of Desulfovibrio and Desulfovibrio sp., while Clostridium and C. cocleatum where higher for RES. Trained mice showed significantly lower relative abundance of Ruminococcus gnavus and higher of the genus Parabacteroides compared to CTL. We explored the relationship between relative taxa abundance and maximal endurance and resistance capacities after the training period. Lachnospiraceae and Lactobacillaceae families were negatively associated with endurance performance, while several taxa, including Prevotellaceae family, Prevotella genus, and Akkermansia muciniphila, were positively correlated. About resistance performance, Desulfovibrio sp. was negatively correlated, while Alistipes showed a positive correlation.Conclusion: Resistance and endurance training differentially modify gut microbiota composition in mice, under a high-controlled environment. Interestingly, taxa associated with anti- and proinflammatory responses presented the same pattern after both models of exercise. Furthermore, the abundance of several taxa was differently related to maximal endurance or resistance performance, most of them did not respond to training.

scholarly journals Treinamento de Força para Atletas de Elite em Provas de Endurance/Resistance Training for Elite Athletes in Endurance Events

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-80
Author(s):  
Charles Ricardo Lopes ◽  
Márcio Antônio Gonçalves Sindorf ◽  
Gustavo Ribeiro da Mota ◽  
Marcelo de Castro Cesar
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Power Training ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Training Performance ◽  
Economy Of Movement

O objetivo deste estudo foi revisar trabalhos que investigaram os efeitos do treinamento de força (TF) para o desempenho de endurance. Os principais fatores fisiológicos determinantes das provas de endurance (PE) são o consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2max), o limiar anaeróbio (LAn) e a economia de movimento (EM). Ambos VO2max e LAn são bem estimulados com meios e métodos tradicionais de treinamento e essas duas variáveis parecem ser pouco sensíveis ao TF em pessoas treinadas. Por outro lado, a EM pode ser aperfeiçoada com o TF, mesmo em indivíduos bem treinados em endurance. Portanto, concluímos que o TF colabora para a melhora na endurance, por meio do incremento da EM, e esses resultados sugerem mudança de paradigma na periodização do treinamento de PE. Palavras chave: fundistas; treinamento de potência; exercícios com pesos; performance.  The aim of this study was to review studies that analyzed the effects of resistance training (RT) on endurance performance. The main physiological determinants of endurance events is the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), anaerobic threshold (AT) and economy of movement (EM). Both, VO2max and AT, are very encouraged with the means and traditional methods of training and these two variables appear to be few sensitive to people already trained in RT. On the other hand, EM can be improved with the RT even in endurance-trained individuals. Therefore, we conclude that RT contributes to the improvement in endurance, through the increase in EM, and these results suggest a paradigm shift in periodization training of endurance events. Key words: distance runners; power training; resistance training; performance.

scholarly journals The Short Grit Scale (GRIT-S) does not Relate to Acute Muscular Endurance Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 263-269
Author(s):  
Michael H. Haischer ◽  
Daniel M. Cooke ◽  
Joseph P. Carzoli ◽  
Trevor K. Johnson ◽  
Amber M. Shipherd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Muscular Endurance ◽  
Repetition Maximum ◽  
Back Squat ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract Grit has been previously presented as a personality trait that reflects an individual’s perseverance of effort and consistency of interest for achieving their long-term goals. In resistance training this could mean that a “grittier” individual may perform more repetitions at a given intensity as they are better able to overcome metabolic and neuromuscular fatigue. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine if grit was related to back squat muscular endurance performance. Fifty-eight resistance-trained males and females volunteered for participation (age = 23±3 yrs; body height = 172.53 ± 8.64 cm; body mass = 80.64 ± 6.49 kg). The grit of each participant was assessed via the Short Grit Scale (GRIT-S), and muscular endurance performance was tested via completion of a back squat set to volitional failure at 70% of the participant’s one-repetition maximum. Spearman rho or Pearson’s correlations, depending on normality, were used with 1000 bootstrapped replicate samples and revealed no relationship between GRIT-S scores (3.78 ± 0.52) and repetitions performed (14 ± 4) in a combined cohort of all 58 individuals (ρ = -0.051), males only (r = 0.057) or females only (ρ = -0.441). Supplementary investigation of the data also showed that the five “best” performers (i.e. the five individuals who performed the most repetitions) tended to have lower GRIT-S scores than the five “worst” performers. The results of the current study suggest that the GRIT-S has limited value in the context of muscular endurance performance. The skewed range of GRIT-S scores (2.75-5.0) observed in this investigation, also highlights the potential for social desirability to bias one’s self-perception of grit.

Effects of Increased Muscle Strength and Muscle Mass on Endurance-Cycling Performance

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iñigo Mujika ◽  
Bent R. Rønnestad ◽  
David T. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Endurance Cycling ◽  
Efficient Type ◽  
Short And Long Term

Despite early and ongoing debate among athletes, coaches, and sport scientists, it is likely that resistance training for endurance cyclists can be tolerated, promotes desired adaptations that support training, and can directly improve performance. Lower-body heavy strength training performed in addition to endurance-cycling training can improve both short- and long-term endurance performance. Strength-maintenance training is essential to retain strength gains during the competition season. Competitive female cyclists with greater lower-body lean mass (LBLM) tend to have ~4–9% higher maximum mean power per kg LBLM over 1 s to 10 min. Such relationships enable optimal body composition to be modeled. Resistance training off the bike may be particularly useful for modifying LBLM, whereas more cycling-specific training strategies like eccentric cycling and single-leg cycling with a counterweight have not been thoughtfully investigated in well-trained cyclists. Potential mechanisms for improved endurance include postponed activation of less efficient type II muscle fibers, conversion of type IIX fibers into more fatigue-resistant IIa fibers, and increased muscle mass and rate of force development.

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