Quantitative Lung Ultrasound: Technical Aspects and Clinical Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Mongodi ◽  
Daniele De Luca ◽  
Andrea Colombo ◽  
Andrea Stella ◽  
Erminio Santangelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Ultrasound ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
Critical Care Units ◽  
Medical Wards ◽  
Opening Up

Lung ultrasound is increasingly used in emergency departments, medical wards, and critical care units—adult, pediatric, and neonatal. In vitro and in vivo studies show that the number and type of artifacts visualized change with lung density. This has led to the idea of a quantitative lung ultrasound approach, opening up new prospects for use not only as a diagnostic but also as a monitoring tool. Consequently, the multiple scoring systems proposed in the last few years have different technical approaches and specific clinical indications, adaptable for more or less time-dependent patients. However, multiple scoring systems may generate confusion among physicians aiming at introducing lung ultrasound in their clinical practice. This review describes the various lung ultrasound scoring systems and aims to clarify their use in different settings, focusing on technical aspects, validation with reference techniques, and clinical applications.

scholarly journals Aloe vera: An Ancient Herb for Modern Dentistry—A Literature Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arbaz Sajjad ◽  
Samia Subhani Sajjad
Keyword(s):  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Aphthous Ulcers ◽  
Central Register ◽  
Dental Diseases

Objectives. To review composition, actions, and clinical applications of Aloe vera plant in dentistry and to establish its effectiveness as an invaluable adjunct in the treatment of dental diseases. Method. A manual and electronic literature (MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar) search was performed up to July 2013 for in vitro and in vivo studies and research presenting clinical, microbiological, immunological, and patient-centered data to validate the efficacy of Aloe vera gel in dentistry. A total of 38 titles, abstracts, and full-text studies were selected and reviewed. Aloe vera has various medicinal properties like anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, and antitumor which accelerates wound healing and helps in treating various lesions in oral cavity. Benefits associated with Aloe vera have been attributed to the polysaccharides contained in the gel of the leaves. Conclusion. The pharmacological attributes of Aloe vera have been revalidated in modern sciences through various in vivo and in vitro studies. The herb has immense potential as a dental therapeutic. Even though Aloe vera is a promising herb with various clinical applications in medicine and dentistry, more clinical research needs to be undertaken especially to validate and explain the action of acemannan hydrogel in accelerating the healing of aphthous ulcers and to validate the efficacy of Aloe gel on plaque and gingivitis, so that it can be established in the field of dentistry.

Sodium 3-mercaptopropanesulphonate substituted phthalocyanine: Synthesis, photophysical properties, in vitro and in vivo PDT efficacy

2020 ◽  
pp. A-E
Author(s):  
Mack Biyiklioglu
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Singlet Oxygen ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Photophysical Properties ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Cremophor El ◽  
Photochemical Properties

A new sulfonic zinc(II) phthalocyanine bearing sodium 3-mercaptopropanesulphonate (Pc) was synthesized and characterized, as to its photophysical and photochemical properties, in vitro and in vivo. Pc remain non-aggregated in [Formula: see text],[Formula: see text]-dimethylformamide and in water containing 0.1% Cremophor EL, with high singlet oxygen efficacy. In vitro studies showed that the IC[Formula: see text] value of Pc on HepG2 cells was 1.3 [Formula: see text]M. In addition, in vivo studies showed that Pc mainly accumulated in tumor sites and showed an obvious PDT effect, and ca.97% of tumor growth was inhibited. Therefore, the Pc could be applied as a very promising photosensitizer for PDT in future clinical applications.

Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of collagen scaffolds crosslinked with aminosilane functionalized silver nanoparticles: in vitro and in vivo studies

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (15) ◽  
pp. 3032-3043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Mandal ◽  
Santhanam Sekar ◽  
N. Chandrasekaran ◽  
Amitava Mukherjee ◽  
Thotapalli P. Sastry
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Collagen Scaffolds ◽  
Novel Approach

This work presents a novel approach for functionalization of silver nanoparticles and cross-linking them with collagen to form FSCSC scaffolds suitable for clinical applications.

BODIPYS and aza-BODIPY derivatives as promising fluorophores for in vivo molecular imaging and theranostic applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (11n12) ◽  
pp. 1159-1183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewen Bodio ◽  
Franck Denat ◽  
Christine Goze
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Cyanine Dyes ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Optical Molecular Imaging ◽  
Theranostic Applications ◽  
Scientific Fields

Since their discovery in 1968, the BODIPYs dyes (4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a, 4a diaza-s-indacene) have found an exponentially increasing number of applications in a large variety of scientific fields. In particular, studies reporting bioapplications of BODIPYs have increased dramatically. However, most of the time, only in vitro investigations have been reported. The in vivo potential of BODIPYs and aza-BODIPYs is more recent, but considering the number of in vivo studies with BODIPY and aza-BODIPY which have been reported in the last five years, we can now affirm that this family of fluorophores can be considered important as cyanine dyes for future in vivo and even clinical applications. This review aims to present representative examples of recent in vivo applications of BODIPYs or aza-BODIPYs, and to highlight the potential of these dyes for optical molecular imaging.

In vitro and in vivo studies of new cationic Zn(II)‐benzonaphthoporphyrazines as photosensitizers for PDT

2001 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 645-651
Author(s):  
M. Peeva ◽  
M. Shopova ◽  
U. Michelsen ◽  
D. Wöhrle ◽  
G. Petrov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vivo Studies

Effect of caffeine on theophyliine on cerebral blood flow response to brain activation: In vitro and in vivo studies

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. S198-S198
Author(s):  
Joseph R Meno ◽  
Thien-son K Nguyen ◽  
Elise M Jensen ◽  
G Alexander West ◽  
Leonid Groysman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Blood Flow Response ◽  
Flow Response

Effects of Unfractionated and Low Molecular Weight Heparins on Platelet Thromboxane Biosynthesis “In Vivo”

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (06) ◽  
pp. 942-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaele Landolfi ◽  
Erica De Candia ◽  
Bianca Rocca ◽  
Giovanni Ciabattoni ◽  
Armando Antinori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Unfractionated Heparin ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparin ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Heparin Administration ◽  
To Receive

SummarySeveral “in vitro” and “in vivo” studies indicate that heparin administration may affect platelet function. In this study we investigated the effects of prophylactic heparin on thromboxane (Tx)A2 biosynthesis “in vivo”, as assessed by the urinary excretion of major enzymatic metabolites 11-dehydro-TxB2 and 2,3-dinor-TxB2. Twenty-four patients who were candidates for cholecystectomy because of uncomplicated lithiasis were randomly assigned to receive placebo, unfractionated heparin, low molecular weight heparin or unfractionaed heparin plus 100 mg aspirin. Measurements of daily excretion of Tx metabolites were performed before and during the treatment. In the groups assigned to placebo and to low molecular weight heparin there was no statistically significant modification of Tx metabolite excretion while patients receiving unfractionated heparin had a significant increase of both metabolites (11-dehydro-TxB2: 3844 ± 1388 vs 2092 ±777, p <0.05; 2,3-dinor-TxB2: 2737 ± 808 vs 1535 ± 771 pg/mg creatinine, p <0.05). In patients randomized to receive low-dose aspirin plus unfractionated heparin the excretion of the two metabolites was largely suppressed thus suggesting that platelets are the primary source of enhanced thromboxane biosynthesis associated with heparin administration. These data indicate that unfractionated heparin causes platelet activation “in vivo” and suggest that the use of low molecular weight heparin may avoid this complication.

Effectiveness of the integration of quercetin, turmeric, and N-acetylcysteine in reducing inflammation and pain associated with endometriosis. In-vitro and in-vivo studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Fadin ◽  
Maria C. Nicoletti ◽  
Marzia Pellizzato ◽  
Manuela Accardi ◽  
Maria G. Baietti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vivo Studies
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