Physical activity, mammographic density, and age-related lobular involution among premenopausal and postmenopausal women

AbstractChronic low-grade inflammation plays a role in the pathogenesis of several chronic diseases including cancer. Physical activity (PA) and diet have been supposed to modulate inflammatory markers. We evaluated the effects of a 24-month dietary and/or PA intervention on plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, a secondary analysis in the DAMA factorial trial. The 234 study participants (healthy postmenopausal women with high breast density, 50–69 years, non smokers, no hormone therapy) were randomised to four arms: (1) isocaloric dietary intervention mainly based on plant-foods; (2) moderate-intensity PA intervention with at least 1 h/week of supervised strenuous activity; (3) both interventions; (4) general recommendations on healthy dietary and PA patterns. Interleukins (IL)-1α, -1β, -6, tumor necrosis factor-α and C-reactive protein were measured at baseline and at the end of the intervention. Intention-to-treat-analyses were carried out using Tobit regression. Although all cytokines tended to increase over time, after 24 months women in the PA intervention (arms 2 + 3) showed lower levels of IL-1α (exp(β) = 0.66; p = 0.04) and IL-6 (exp(β) = 0.70; p = 0.01) in comparison with women in the control group (arms 1 + 4). No effects of the dietary intervention emerged. In healthy postmenopausal women with high breast density a moderate-intensity PA appears to slow the age-related increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

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Association Between Mammographic Density and Age-Related Lobular Involution of the Breast

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2009.23.4120 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 28 (13) ◽

pp. 2207-2212 ◽

Cited By ~ 67

Author(s):

Karthik Ghosh ◽

Lynn C. Hartmann ◽

Carol Reynolds ◽

Daniel W. Visscher ◽

Kathleen R. Brandt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mammographic Density ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Positive Association ◽

Breast Disease ◽

Health Study ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Dense Area ◽

Lobular Involution ◽

Age Related

Purpose Mammographic density and lobular involution are both significant risk factors for breast cancer, but whether these reflect the same biology is unknown. We examined the involution and density association in a large benign breast disease (BBD) cohort. Patients and Methods Women in the Mayo Clinic BBD cohort who had a mammogram within 6 months of BBD diagnosis were eligible. The proportion of normal lobules that were involuted was categorized by an expert pathologist as no (0%), partial (1% to 74%), or complete involution (≥ 75%). Mammographic density was estimated as the four-category parenchymal pattern. Statistical analyses adjusted for potential confounders and evaluated modification by parity and age. We corroborated findings in a sample of women with BBD from the Mayo Mammography Health Study (MMHS) with quantitative percent density (PD) and absolute dense and nondense area estimates. Results Women in the Mayo BBD cohort (n = 2,667) with no (odds ratio, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.2 to 2.3) or partial (odds ratio, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.0 to 1.6) involution had greater odds of high density (DY pattern) than those with complete involution (P trend < .01). There was no evidence for effect modification by age or parity. Among 317 women with BBD in the MMHS study, there was an inverse association between involution and PD (mean PD, 22.4%, 21.6%, 17.2%, for no, partial, and complete, respectively; P trend = .04) and a strong positive association of involution with nondense area (P trend < .01). No association was seen between involution and dense area (P trend = .56). Conclusion We present evidence of an inverse association between involution and mammographic density.

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Effect of Physical Activity on Age-Related Glucose Intolerance

Clinics in Geriatric Medicine ◽

10.1016/s0749-0690(18)30585-8 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 849-863 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Ami Laws ◽

Gerald M. Reaven

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Glucose Intolerance ◽

Age Related

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Can physical activity ameliorate immunosenescence and thereby reduce age-related multi-morbidity?

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.735949651.793572689 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Maria-José Molina-Garrido

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Age Related

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Effects of a 1-Year Physical Activity Intervention on Markers of Hemostasis among Breast Cancer Survivors: A Randomized Controlled Trial

TH Open ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1721782 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 05 (01) ◽

pp. e14-e23

Author(s):

Siv Kjølsrud Bøhn ◽

Inger Thune ◽

Vidar Gordon Flote ◽

Hanne Frydenberg ◽

Gro Falkenér Bertheussen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Physical Activity ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Physical Activity Intervention ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Factor Vii ◽

Breast Cancer Patients ◽

Hemostatic Factors

Abstract Introduction Physical activity may reduce the development of breast cancer. Whereas hypercoagulability has been linked to adverse outcomes in breast cancer patients, the effects of physical activity on their hemostatic factors are unknown. The study aimed to assess whether long-term (1 year) physical activity can affect hemostatic factors in breast cancer patients. Methods Fifty-five women (35–75 years) with invasive breast cancer stage I/II were randomized to a physical activity intervention (n = 29) lasting 1 year or to a control group (n = 26), and analyzed as intention to treat. Fibrinogen, factor VII antigen, tissue factor pathway inhibitor, and von Willebrand factor (VWF) antigen as well as prothrombin fragment 1 + 2, the endogenous thrombin potential and D-dimer, were measured in plasma before intervention (baseline), and then after 6 and 12 months. Results Maximal oxygen uptake (measure of cardiorespiratory fitness) decreased the first 6 months among the controls, but remained stable in the intervention group. We found no significant differences between the two study groups regarding any of the hemostatic factors, except a significantly higher increase in factor VII antigen in the intervention group. The effect of the intervention on VWF was, however, significantly affected by menopausal stage, and a significant effect of the intervention was found on VWF among postmenopausal women, even after adjustment for dietary intake. Conclusion Long-term physical activity had no effect on the majority of the hemostatic factors measured, but led to increased plasma concentrations of factor VII antigen and prevented an increase in VWF concentration after breast cancer treatment in postmenopausal women. The clinical impact of these findings for risk of vascular thrombosis warrants further studies.

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The mediating effect of lifestyles on the association between social factors and DNA methylation

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.230 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

A Maugeri ◽

M Barchitta ◽

G Favara ◽

C La Mastra ◽

MC La Rosa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Dna Methylation ◽

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Educational Level ◽

Methylation Level ◽

Mediating Effect ◽

High Educational Level ◽

Age Related ◽

High Educational

Abstract Background Social disadvantage and unhealthy lifestyles may induce molecular changes associated with aging and age-related diseases. For instance, previous studies reported socioeconomic difference in DNA methylation, which in turn led to aberrant gene expression and genome instability. Socioeconomic status (SES) alone, however, does not completely explain this difference, and further studies are needed to unveil what factors contribute to it. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study on 349 Italian women, aged 25-64 years, to assess SES differences in LINE-1 methylation level - a surrogate marker of global DNA methylation - and to examine the mediating effect of lifestyles (i.e. diet, smoking habits, physical activity, and weight status). Educational level was used as SES indicator. The adherence to Mediterranean diet (MD) was assessed by the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS). Leukocyte LINE-1 methylation was assessed by pyrosequencing. Mediation analysis was conducted using the PROCESS macro for the SPSS software. Results We first observed that women with high educational level were more likely to be normal weight (p < 0.001) and to adhere to MD (p = 0.018), and less likely to perform physical activity (p = 0.012) than their less educated counterpart. Moreover, age-adjusted linear regression demonstrated that LINE-1 methylation level increased with increasing educational level (β = 0.016; SE = 0.003; p < 0.001). In line, mediation analysis demonstrated an indirect effect of high educational level on LINE-1 methylation through the adherence to MD (β = 0.003; 95%CI=0.001-0.006). Specifically, the mediator could account for 9.5% of the total effect. None of the other lifestyles, instead, exhibited a significant mediating effect. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating the mediation of diet in the relationship between SES and DNA methylation. Thus, our findings add even more value to the promotion of healthy dietary habits among social disadvantaged people. Key messages Social disadvantage is associated with epigenetic changes related to aging and age-related diseases. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet might mediate the association between socioeconomic status and DNA methylation.

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Combined Effects of Unhealthy Lifestyle Behaviors on Metabolic Syndrome among Postmenopausal Women

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare9070848 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 848

Author(s):

Jin-Suk Ra ◽

Hyesun Kim

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Sedentary Behavior ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Impaired Fasting Glucose ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Dietary Behavior ◽

Lifestyle Behaviors ◽

Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽

Insufficient Physical Activity

This study aimed to identify the combined effects of unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, including diet, sedentary behavior, and physical activity on metabolic syndrome (MS) and components of MS among postmenopausal women. Secondary data analysis was conducted using the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2014–2018) with a cross-sectional study design. Logistic regression analysis was conducted with data from 6114 Korean postmenopausal women. While no significant effects of unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, either individually or as a combination, were found for MS, prolonged sedentary behavior without poor dietary behavior and insufficient physical activity was associated with increased likelihood of abdominal obesity (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.59, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.10–2.29) and impaired fasting glucose (AOR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.13–2.10). The combination of poor dietary behavior and prolonged sedentary behaviors was also associated with increased likelihood of abdominal obesity (AOR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.10–2.00) and impaired fasting glucose (AOR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.14–1.96). In addition, prolonged sedentary behavior and insufficient physical activity together were associated with increased likelihood of abdominal obesity (AOR: 2.81, 95% CI: 1.90–4.20) and impaired fasting glucose (AOR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.13–2.24). Finally, combining poor dietary behavior, prolonged sedentary behavior, and insufficient physical activity was also associated with increased likelihood of abdominal obesity (AOR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.50–2.80) and impaired fasting glucose (AOR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.32–2.23). Strategies for replacing sedentary behavior of postmenopausal women with activities are warranted for prevention of abdominal obesity and impaired fasting glucose.

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