scholarly journals Role of dietary sodium/potassium ratio in the blood pressure rise with age

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Pasquale Strazzullo
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Blood Pressure Rise

Aorta Electrolytes of Hypotensive Potassium-Deficient Rats

1958 ◽  
Vol 195 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Charles Freed ◽  
Shirley St. George ◽  
Ray H. Rosenman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Potassium Deficiency ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Blood Pressure Rise ◽  
Arterial Tone

The hypotension of potassium-deficiency is associated with a decrease in aorta potassium concentration, the sodium content remaining unchanged, resulting in a high sodium/potassium ratio. Loss of arterial tone may result and thus contribute to the lowering of blood pressure. Cortisone administration to such rats does not alter the low aorta potassium content but appreciably reduces the sodium concentration. The return to a more normal sodium/potassium ratio in the aorta following cortisone may restore the arterial tone and thus explain the blood pressure rise to normal levels.

Arterial blood pressure responses to graded transient arousal from sleep in normal humans

1993 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 1123-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Davies ◽  
P. J. Belt ◽  
S. J. Roberts ◽  
N. J. Ali ◽  
J. R. Stradling
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Blood Pressure Rise ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

During obstructive sleep apnea, transient arousal at the resumption of breathing is coincident with a substantial rise in blood pressure. To assess the hemodynamic effect of arousal alone, 149 transient stimuli were administered to five normal subjects. Two electroencephalograms (EEG), an electrooculogram, a submental electromyogram (EMG), and beat-to-beat blood pressure (Finapres, Ohmeda) were recorded in all subjects. Stimulus length was varied to produce a range of cortical EEG arousals that were graded as follows: 0, no increase in high-frequency EEG or EMG; 1, increased high-frequency EEG and/or EMG for < 10 s; 2, increased high-frequency EEG and/or EMG for > 10 s. Overall, compared with control values, average systolic pressure rose [nonrapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep 10.0 +/- 7.69 (SD) mmHg; rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep 6.0 +/- 6.73 mmHg] and average diastolic pressure rose (NREM sleep 6.1 +/- 4.43 mmHg; REM sleep 3.7 +/- 3.02 mmHg) over the 10 s following the stimulus (NREM sleep, P < 0.0001; REM sleep, P < 0.002). During NREM sleep, there was a trend toward larger blood pressure rises at larger grades of arousal (systolic: r = 0.22, 95% confidence interval 0.02–0.40; diastolic: r = 0.48, 95% confidence interval 0.31–0.62). The average blood pressure rise in response to the grade 2 arousals was approximately 75% of that during obstructive sleep apnea. Arousal stimuli that did not cause EEG arousal still produced a blood pressure rise (mean systolic rise 8.6 +/- 7.0 mmHg, P < 0.0001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Abstract P190: Associations of 24-h Urinary Sodium/potassium (Na/K) Ratio with Recommended Intakes of Na and K: The INTERMAP Study

Circulation ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 133 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiyuki Iwahori ◽  
Katsuyuki Miura ◽  
Hirotsugu Ueshima ◽  
Queenie Chan ◽  
Nagako Okuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
International Study ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Who Guidelines ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Dietary Potassium ◽  
Definitive Guideline ◽  
Dietary Data

Background: High dietary sodium (Na), low dietary potassium (K) and high dietary sodium/potassium (Na/K) ratio are associated with adverse blood pressure levels and excess risks of cardiovascular diseases. 24-h urine collection is the gold standard for measuring dietary Na, K and Na/K ratio. Recommended levels of Na and K intakes are suggested in WHO guidelines; less than 85 mmol/day for Na; at least 90 mmol/day for K; there is no definitive guideline for Na/K ratio. Objective: Our primary aim was to compare the level of urinary Na/K ratio with the current recommended levels of Na and K intakes suggested in WHO guidelines. Methods: INTERMAP is an international study on associations of multiple dietary variables with blood pressure (BP), based on two timed 24-hr urine collections and dietary data from 4 in-depth 24-h dietary recalls in 4,680 men and women ages 40-59 years in China, Japan, United Kingdom and United States (US). Na/K ratio of 24-hr urine stratified in 1 unit intervals was compared with the current recommended levels of Na and K intakes suggested in WHO guidelines. Na intake was evaluated by urinary Na excretion; K intake by dietary K intake. Results: Thirty-one of the 4,680 INTERMAP participants (0.7%) had urinary Na/K ratio less than 1. The proportions of participants with Na excretion less than 2 g/day (85 mmol/day) among all 4,680 individuals were 77% (n=24), 19% (n=117), and 0.2% (n=11) in those with urinary Na/K ratio less than 1, 1 to 2, and more than 4, respectively. In US samples (n=2,195) the proportions were 88% (n=15), 19% (n=70), and 0.3% (n=6), respectively. The proportions of participants with dietary K intake more than 3.51 g/day (90 mmol/day) among all 4,680 individuals were 71% (n=22), 38% (n=233), and 2.4% (n=111) in those with urinary Na/K ratio less than 1, 1 to 2, and more than 4, respectively. In US samples the proportions were 59% (n=10), 38% (n=138), and 2.1% (n=47), respectively. Conclusions: WHO recommends Na intake less than 85 mmol/day, and K intake more than 90 mmol/day. Urinary Na/K ratio less than 1 is needed to ensure reasonable compliance with these recommendations. Currently, very few people satisfy urinary Na/K ratio less than 1, so population-wide efforts are needed to reduce salt (sodium chloride) and increase K intake.

Abstract P261: Dietary Sodium, Potassium, and Blood Pressure in Normotensive Pregnant Women: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Circulation ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 139 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbi D Lane-Cordova ◽  
Lara R Scheider ◽  
William Tucker ◽  
James Cook ◽  
Sara Wilcox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
National Health ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Health And Nutrition

SP052SALT-SENSITIVE BLOOD PRESSURE RISE IN TYPE 1 DIABETES IS ACCOMPANIED BY INCAPACITY FOR VASODILATION – A RANDOMIZED EXPERIMENTAL CROSS-OVER STUDY

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliane Wenstedt ◽  
Nienke Rorije ◽  
Kim Van Der Molen ◽  
Youssef Chahid ◽  
Bert-Jan Van Den Born ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Experimental Cross ◽  
Blood Pressure Rise

An induced blood pressure rise does not alter upper airway resistance in sleeping humans

1998 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 269-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine R. Wilson ◽  
Shalini Manchanda ◽  
David Crabtree ◽  
James B. Skatrud ◽  
Jerome A. Dempsey
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Airway Resistance ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Upper Airway Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure Rise

Wilson, Christine R., Shalini Manchanda, David Crabtree, James B. Skatrud, and Jerome A. Dempsey. An induced blood pressure rise does not alter upper airway resistance in sleeping humans. J. Appl. Physiol. 84(1): 269–276, 1998.—Sleep apnea is associated with episodic increases in systemic blood pressure. We investigated whether transient increases in arterial pressure altered upper airway resistance and/or breathing pattern in nine sleeping humans (snorers and nonsnorers). A pressure-tipped catheter was placed below the base of the tongue, and flow was measured from a nose or face mask. During non-rapid-eye-movement sleep, we injected 40- to 200-μg iv boluses of phenylephrine. Parasympathetic blockade was used if bradycardia was excessive. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) rose by 20 ± 5 (mean ± SD) mmHg (range 12–37 mmHg) within 12 s and remained elevated for 105 s. There were no significant changes in inspiratory or expiratory pharyngeal resistance (measured at peak flow, peak pressure, 0.2 l/s or by evaluating the dynamic pressure-flow relationship). At peak MAP, end-tidal CO2 pressure fell by 1.5 Torr and remained low for 20–25 s. At 26 s after peak MAP, tidal volume fell by 19%, consistent with hypocapnic ventilatory inhibition. We conclude that transient increases in MAP of a magnitude commonly observed during non-rapid-eye-movement sleep-disordered breathing do not increase upper airway resistance and, therefore, will not perpetuate subsequent obstructive events.

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