Postmenopausal Patients With Endometrial Cancer of Type 1 Have Elevated Serum Estradiol Levels in the Ovarian Vein

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1455-1460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keisuke Ashihara ◽  
Tomohito Tanaka ◽  
Risa Maruoka ◽  
Yoshihiro J. Ono ◽  
Akiko Tanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Ovarian Vein ◽  
Bilateral Oophorectomy ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormone ◽  
Ovarian Stromal Hyperplasia ◽  
A Prospective Study

ObjectiveType 1 endometrial cancer (EC) is typically sex hormone sensitive; however, most women diagnosed with EC have already gone through menopause. Several studies have reported that the postmenopausal ovary is hormonally active, and estradiol (E2) production from the ovaries persists for as much as 10 years beyond menopause. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether sex steroid production from the ovaries contributes to the pathogenesis of type 1 EC.Materials and MethodsThis was a prospective study of 53 women treated for EC (28 cases of type 1 disease and 25 cases of type 2 disease). Serum specimens were collected from the peripheral and ovarian veins of participants undergoing bilateral oophorectomy. The sex steroid hormone levels and hormonal milieu on cervical cytology were evaluated as maturation value (MV). In addition, the degree of stromal hyperplasia of the ovary was evaluated histologically.ResultsAlthough the E2 levels of the peripheral veins did not show any significant differences [8.2 (5.1–12.4) vs 7.4 (5.1–11.7) pg/mL, respectively; P < 0.05], the patients with type 1 EC had a higher E2 level in the ovarian vein than those with type 2 EC [25 (13.8–42.5) vs 15 (10.0–23.0) pg/mL, respectively; P < 0.05]. There were also no significant differences in the rate of moderate to marked hyperplasia of the ovarian stroma between the groups; however, the thickness of the ovarian cortex demonstrated a correlation with the ovarian E2 level. In addition, the MV displayed a strong correlation with the ovarian E2 level, but not the peripheral E2 level.ConclusionsThe postmenopausal ovary is hormonally active, especially in patients with type 1 EC. The degree of ovarian stromal hyperplasia may (at least in part) contribute to the progression of type 1 EC, and MV may predict the level of E2 production from the ovaries in postmenopausal women.

scholarly journals Elevated serum alanine transaminase in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus

QJM ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 99 (12) ◽  
pp. 871-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. West ◽  
J. Brousil ◽  
A. Gazis ◽  
L. Jackson ◽  
P. Mansell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Alanine Transaminase

scholarly journals Association and biomarker potential of elevated serum adiponectin with nephropathy among type 1 and type 2 diabetics: A meta-analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. e0208905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noel Pabalan ◽  
Raphael Enrique Tiongco ◽  
Jefferyl Kae Pandac ◽  
Noemi Anne Paragas ◽  
Shamar Lo Lasta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Serum Adiponectin ◽  
Type 2 Diabetics

Autoimmune Hepatitis

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Y Chen ◽  
Karin L. Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Hepatitis ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Smooth Muscle Antibody ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Recommended Treatment ◽  
Serum Transaminases ◽  
Disease Subtypes

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is defined by elevated serum transaminases along with the presence of one or more characteristic serum autoantibodies, including antinuclear antibody (ANA), anti–smooth muscle antibody (ASMA), and anti–liver-kidney microsomal type 1 antibody (anti-LKM-1); elevated levels of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG); interface hepatitis on histology; and responsiveness to immunosuppressive therapy. AIH has been classified into two disease subtypes based on serologic markers: type 1, which is characterized by the presence of either ANA or ASMA, and type 2, which is characterized by the presence of either anti-LKM-1 or anti–liver-cytosol antibody type 1 (anti-LC-1). This review addresses the epidemiology, natural history, pathogenesis, and management of AIH, as well as ongoing challenges. Several recent advances are highlighted, including the creation of a simplified diagnostic scoring system and the use of budesonide for AIH treatment. Figures show the pathology of AIH, treatment approach of moderate to severe AIH with combination therapy, azathioprine metabolism, and management of treatment outcomes. Tables list a comparison of type 1 and type 2 AIH, antibodies in AIH, the revised diagnostic scoring system (including a simplified version), indications for treatment in AIH, recommended treatment regimens for AIH by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, and adverse effects associated with therapy for AIH. This review contains 4 highly rendered figures, 7 tables, and 146 references.

scholarly journals Human 17 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and type 2 isoenzymes have opposite activities in cultured cells and characteristic cell- and tissue-specific expression

1996 ◽  
Vol 314 (3) ◽  
pp. 839-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minna M. MIETTINEN ◽  
Mika V. J. MUSTONEN ◽  
Matti H. POUTANEN ◽  
Veli V. ISOMAA ◽  
Reijo K. VIHKO
Keyword(s):  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Enzyme Concentration ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Peripheral Tissues

17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17HSD) isoenzymes catalyse the interconversion between highly active 17β-hydroxy-and low-activity 17-keto-steroids and thereby regulate the biological activity of sex steroids. The present study was carried out to characterize 17HSD activity and the expression of 17HSD type 1 and 2 isoenzymes in several human cell types and tissues. The data indicate that in cultured cells the direction of 17HSD activity is exclusively determined by the expression of these distinct isoenzymes. The intracellular environment could not modulate the direction of the enzyme activities in any of the cell types analysed. 17HSD type 1 acts as a reductase converting oestrone into oestradiol, whereas 17HSD type 2 possesses oxidative activity inactivating oestradiol by converting it into oestrone. The data, furthermore, suggest that of the two 17HSD type 1 mRNAs (1.3 and 2.3 kb), expression of the 1.3 kb mRNA is related to enzyme concentration in all the cell types studied. This mRNA is principally expressed in cells of placental and ovarian origin, but is also present in malignant breast epithelial cells. In contrast, 17HSD type 2 is more widely expressed. It is present in several oestradiol-metabolizing tissues as well as in some target cells of sex steroid action. The opposite reaction directions observed in the cultured cells, together with differences in the distribution of the isoenzymes, suggest that type 1 is involved in oestradiol production in females while type 2 plays a role in the inactivation of this sex steroid in peripheral tissues, both in females and in males. However, some examples exist of simultaneous expression of both enzymes in the same cell type or tissue.

scholarly journals Excess Body Weight and Incidence of Type 1 and Type 2 Endometrial Cancer: The Norwegian Women and Cancer Study

2020 ◽  
Vol Volume 12 ◽  
pp. 815-824
Author(s):  
Tanja Lise Sollberger ◽  
Oxana Gavrilyuk ◽  
Charlotta Rylander
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Cancer Study

Elevated serum lipoprotein(a) levels in type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients among malaysian malays

2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
H.M. Nawawi ◽  
M. Muhajir ◽  
C.K. Yeo ◽  
W.M. Wan Nazaimoon ◽  
K. Yusoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Serum Lipoprotein ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Lipoprotein A ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

scholarly journals Hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar state in an obese prepubertal girl with type 2 diabetes: case report and critical approach to diagnosis and therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelika Mohn ◽  
Nella Polidori ◽  
Valeria Castorani ◽  
Laura Comegna ◽  
Cosimo Giannini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Threatening Condition ◽  
Life Threatening

Abstract Introduction Isolated Hyperosmolar Hyperglycaemic Syndrome (HHS) is a life-threatening condition characterized by elevated serum glucose concentrations and hyperosmolality without significant ketosis. It is often described in obese adults with unknown Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), rarely in youth. In childhood the most common cause of metabolic glucose related derangement is Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) in Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). Interestingly, both components can be combined with each other, thus the prevalent condition needs to be recognised implying a different therapeutic approach. Case presentation In this case, we report a prepubertal Caucasian obese girl admitted for two episodes of combined HHS/DKA in order to elucidate her clinical course taking into account the current pediatric recommendations based on adult guidelines for HHS. Conclusions The treatment of HHS and even more of HHS/DKA in youth is still controversial as no specific guidelines for children are available especially during the prepubertal age. The description of our case might be helpful and offer relevant points for future consensus.

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