Staphylococcus aureus Infections in HIV-positive Children and Adolescents

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Chase McNeil ◽  
Kristina G. Hulten ◽  
Sheldon L. Kaplan ◽  
Heidi L. Schwarzwald ◽  
Edward O. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Hiv Positive

Disclosure Experiences and Challenges Among Children and Adolescents Living with HIV/AIDS in Nigeria-A Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nzube Pauline Okolo-Francis ◽  
Uyinonijesu Diamond Victor-Ogie ◽  
Abdulmumin Ibrahim ◽  
Amos Abimbola Oladunni ◽  
Goodness Ogeyi Odey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Clinical Context ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Status Disclosure

Context: Disclosure of HIV positive infection status in children and Adolescents is multifaceted and should take into consideration their age, psychosocial maturity, cultural and clinical context. This study was conducted to examine disclosure experiences and challenges among children and ALWHA in Nigeria. Evidence Acquisition: We conducted narrative review of relevant literatures by searching PubMed, Google scholar and Medscape using predetermined keywords. Results: Findings are presented under themes of process of disclosure and age of disclosure, reasons and challenges of disclosure, reactions and responses to disclosure, consistent with various authors. This study shows that the mean age and reasons for HIV positive status disclosure are variable. Disclosure was mostly executed at home and mostly carried out by parents or caregivers of HIV-infected children. Reactions of children and ALWHA upon disclosure was mainly negative and ranged from feeling of anger to expression of shock to feeling of sadness and to crying. Barriers to HIV-positive status disclosure among caregivers were perceived sense immaturity and age of the child, fear of stigma, fear of child’s inability to cope, fear of blaming the parents and refusal to take antiretroviral (ARV) drugs. While caregivers highlighted several factors that affect disclosure of HIV status to children and adolescents, this study reveals both positive and negative impact on their emotions. Conclusions: It is of note that approach to disclosure is critical, therefore caregivers and healthcare workers should be properly trained and supported with resources required to effectively carry out disclosure. There is need for continuous research to understand and develop age and culture specific approaches to disclosure in children and adolescents in Nigeria.

Outcome of HIV-positive children and adolescents treated with second-line antiretroviral agents in Congo

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-418
Author(s):  
J.R. Mabiala Babela ◽  
M. Kibangou Lenvo ◽  
E.R. Nika ◽  
L.C. Ollandzobo Ikobo ◽  
S.V. Missambou Mandilou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Antiretroviral Agents

scholarly journals A Phenomenological Account of HIV Disclosure Experiences of Children and Adolescents from Northern and Southern Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth Appiah ◽  
Inge Kroidl ◽  
Michael Hoelscher ◽  
Olena Ivanova ◽  
Jonathan Dapaah
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Hiv Disclosure ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Nations Programme ◽  
United Nations Programme ◽  
Southern Ghana

Disclosure of HIV status to infected children, though challenged by caregiver dilemma, remains central in achieving the United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) global goal of 90/90/90. This study explores children’s HIV disclosure experiences across Northern and Southern Ghana. A qualitative interpretative phenomenological design facilitated the recruitment of 30 HIV positive disclosed children and adolescents aged 9–19 years in 12 antiretroviral treatment (ART) centers in Northern and Southern Ghana between January 2017 and June 2018. Data was collected via in-depth interviews. We used phenomenological analysis applying concepts and categories identification, patterns and interconnections searching, mapping, theme building and constant comparative technique to draw conclusions. Disclosure of HIV status to children occurred with little or no preparation. Caregivers intentionally or out of dilemma often prolonged or postponed disclosure to when children aged older. Illness severity and disease progression principally defined the need for disclosure. Children preference for early status disclosure averaged at age 10 was demonstrated despite the initial disclosure experience of shock and disappointment. There was improved medication adherence despite the challenge of limited knowledge about HIV transmission, financial difficulty and food insecurity. Context and culturally adapted pre- and post- disclosure guideline laced with social protection package is needed to support HIV positive children.

scholarly journals Nutritional status and lipid profile of HIV-positive children and adolescents using antiretroviral therapy

Clinics ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 997-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Viganó Contri ◽  
Érica Miranda Berchielli ◽  
Marina Hjertquist Tremeschin ◽  
Bento Vidal de Moura Negrini ◽  
Roberta Garcia Salomão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Hiv Positive

scholarly journals Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus carriage in healthy school-age children and adolescents

2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanna Esposito ◽  
Leonardo Terranova ◽  
Luca Ruggiero ◽  
Beatrice Ascolese ◽  
Valentina Montinaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Craniofacial morphology of HIV-positive children and adolescents undergoing antiretroviral therapy: A pilot study

2018 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-35
Author(s):  
Maria Luiza Veloso de Almeida Watanabe ◽  
Adriana Oliveira Lira Ortega ◽  
Catalina Riera Costa ◽  
Emiko Saito Arita ◽  
Karem L. Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Craniofacial Morphology ◽  
Hiv Positive

scholarly journals Management of mental health disorders and central nervous system sequelae in HIV-positive children and adolescents

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Nassen ◽  
K Donald ◽  
K Walker ◽  
S Paruk ◽  
M Vujovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
The Impact

HIV-positive children and adolescents are at increased risk of both central nervous system (CNS) sequelae and mental disorders owing to a number of factors, including the impact of HIV infection on the brain, social determinants of health (e.g. poverty and orphanhood) and psychosocial stressors related to living with HIV. Every effort should be made to identify perinatally HIV-infected children and initiate them on antiretroviral therapy early in life. HIV clinicians should ideally screen for mental health and neurocognitive problems, as part of the routine monitoring of children attending antiretroviral clinics. This guideline is intended as a reference tool for HIV clinicians to support the early identification, screening and management of mental health disorders and/or CNS impairment in children and adolescents. This guideline covers mental disorders (section 1) and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (section 2) among children and adolescents.  

scholarly journals HIV Disclosure in Children in a Tertiary Hospital in Southern Nigeria–Child’s Perspective

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-27
Author(s):  
A. U. Eneh ◽  
R. O. Ugwu ◽  
N. I. Paul
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Primary Caregiver ◽  
Hiv Disclosure ◽  
Family Characteristics ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
The Impact

Background: Disclosure of HIV status to children is essential for disease management. Studies on disclosure in children have largely described it from the health provider’s perspective or caregiver’s perspective. Caregivers’ and children’s reports about children’s feelings and distress can however differ. Understanding the disclosure process from the perspective of HIV-positive children will therefore better portray the impact it had on them. Aim: The aim of the study was to explore from the child’s perspective the process of disclosure, the impact it had on them, how they have coped and suggestions on how they think it could be done better. Methods: A cross-sectional study of HIV-infected children and adolescents aged 8–18 years who are aware of their status attending paediatric HIV clinic at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH), Port Harcourt, Nigeria from April 2015 to March 2016. Data were collected using an open-ended questionnaire administered by a Paediatric health care provider. Information sought included: Biodata (age, gender), educational levels of the child, family characteristics (primary caregiver, orphan status), age at disclosure, process of disclosure, the impact of the disclosure, how they have coped, what they did not like about the way they were told and suggested better ways of telling the children. Results: Seventy-eight HIV-positive children and adolescents were interviewed. Their ages ranged from 8 – 18 yrs with a mean age of 14.74±2.23 years. Forty (51.3%) were males, 50 (64.1%) were in secondary schools, 43 (55.1%) were orphans and the mode of transmission was vertical in 70 (89.7%). In majority 33 (42.3%), the biologic mother was the primary caregiver. Majority of the children 34 (43.6%) had their status disclosed to them between 13 and 14 years. The mother alone did the disclosure in 30 (38.5%). Thirty-six (46.2%) were already aware of their status before disclosure. Disclosure was a one-off event without discussions in 48 (61.5%). The commonest immediate reactions was depression 48 (61.5%). The majority 48(61.5%) became more prayerful as a coping strategy. All 78 (100%) agreed that disclosure has positively impacted on their taking their ARV drugs and clinic attendance. Concerning suggestions from the children, 36 (46.2%) said the most appropriate age for disclosure should be 12-13 years, 54 (69.2%) suggest that both parents should do the disclosure while 60 (76.9%) said that the children should be told how they got infected. Their major concern was having to take drugs for life 60 (76.9%). Conclusion: Disclosure process is suboptimal. Understanding the disclosure process from the perspective of HIV-infected children, therefore, is critical to developing interventions to improve disclosure. Most of the parent’s fears of negative impact of status disclosure may be exaggerated. There is need for health care providers to develop a plan with the caregivers of HIV-infected children on the optimal disclosure process and how to anticipate and resolve questions the children may have following disclosure.

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