scholarly journals A Phenomenological Account of HIV Disclosure Experiences of Children and Adolescents from Northern and Southern Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth Appiah ◽  
Inge Kroidl ◽  
Michael Hoelscher ◽  
Olena Ivanova ◽  
Jonathan Dapaah
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Hiv Disclosure ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Nations Programme ◽  
United Nations Programme ◽  
Southern Ghana

Disclosure of HIV status to infected children, though challenged by caregiver dilemma, remains central in achieving the United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) global goal of 90/90/90. This study explores children’s HIV disclosure experiences across Northern and Southern Ghana. A qualitative interpretative phenomenological design facilitated the recruitment of 30 HIV positive disclosed children and adolescents aged 9–19 years in 12 antiretroviral treatment (ART) centers in Northern and Southern Ghana between January 2017 and June 2018. Data was collected via in-depth interviews. We used phenomenological analysis applying concepts and categories identification, patterns and interconnections searching, mapping, theme building and constant comparative technique to draw conclusions. Disclosure of HIV status to children occurred with little or no preparation. Caregivers intentionally or out of dilemma often prolonged or postponed disclosure to when children aged older. Illness severity and disease progression principally defined the need for disclosure. Children preference for early status disclosure averaged at age 10 was demonstrated despite the initial disclosure experience of shock and disappointment. There was improved medication adherence despite the challenge of limited knowledge about HIV transmission, financial difficulty and food insecurity. Context and culturally adapted pre- and post- disclosure guideline laced with social protection package is needed to support HIV positive children.

Disclosure Experiences and Challenges Among Children and Adolescents Living with HIV/AIDS in Nigeria-A Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nzube Pauline Okolo-Francis ◽  
Uyinonijesu Diamond Victor-Ogie ◽  
Abdulmumin Ibrahim ◽  
Amos Abimbola Oladunni ◽  
Goodness Ogeyi Odey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Clinical Context ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Status Disclosure

Context: Disclosure of HIV positive infection status in children and Adolescents is multifaceted and should take into consideration their age, psychosocial maturity, cultural and clinical context. This study was conducted to examine disclosure experiences and challenges among children and ALWHA in Nigeria. Evidence Acquisition: We conducted narrative review of relevant literatures by searching PubMed, Google scholar and Medscape using predetermined keywords. Results: Findings are presented under themes of process of disclosure and age of disclosure, reasons and challenges of disclosure, reactions and responses to disclosure, consistent with various authors. This study shows that the mean age and reasons for HIV positive status disclosure are variable. Disclosure was mostly executed at home and mostly carried out by parents or caregivers of HIV-infected children. Reactions of children and ALWHA upon disclosure was mainly negative and ranged from feeling of anger to expression of shock to feeling of sadness and to crying. Barriers to HIV-positive status disclosure among caregivers were perceived sense immaturity and age of the child, fear of stigma, fear of child’s inability to cope, fear of blaming the parents and refusal to take antiretroviral (ARV) drugs. While caregivers highlighted several factors that affect disclosure of HIV status to children and adolescents, this study reveals both positive and negative impact on their emotions. Conclusions: It is of note that approach to disclosure is critical, therefore caregivers and healthcare workers should be properly trained and supported with resources required to effectively carry out disclosure. There is need for continuous research to understand and develop age and culture specific approaches to disclosure in children and adolescents in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Surveillance, stigma & sociotechnical design for HIV

First Monday ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calvin Liang ◽  
Jevan Alexander Hutson ◽  
Os Keyes
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Online Dating ◽  
The State ◽  
Hiv Disclosure ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
User Interactions ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Structural Forces ◽  
Sociotechnical Design

Online dating and hookup platforms have fundamentally changed people’s day-to-day practices of sex and love — but exist in tension with older social and medicolegal norms. This is particularly the case for people with HIV, who are frequently stigmatized, surveilled, ostracized, and incarcerated because of their status. Efforts to make intimate platforms “work” for HIV frequently focus on user-to-user interactions and disclosure of one’s HIV status but elide both the structural forces at work in regulating sex and the involvement of the state in queer lives. In an effort to foreground these forces and this involvement, we analyze the approaches that intimate platforms have taken in designing for HIV disclosure through a content analysis of 50 current platforms. We argue that the implicit reinforcement of stereotypes about who HIV is or is not a concern for, along with the failure to consider state practices when designing for data disclosure, opens up serious risks for HIV-positive and otherwise marginalized people. While we have no panacea for the tension between disclosure and risk, we point to bottom-up, communal, and queer approaches to design as a way of potentially making that tension easier to safely navigate.

scholarly journals Literasi Penyakit HIV-AIDS pada Siswa Madrasah Tsanawiah Negeri 1 Garut

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dadang Purnama ◽  
Witdiawati W
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
World Health ◽  
Nations Programme ◽  
United Nations Programme ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstrak Penyakit AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) merupakan salah satu penyakit yang mengakibatkan kematian di dunia. Menurut UNAIDS (United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS) dan WHO (World Health Organization), AIDS telah mengakibatkan kematian lebih dari 25 juta jiwa sejak pertama kali diakui tahun 1981, (Kent.et.al, 2010). Saat ini penularan HIV/AIDS di Kabupaten Garut telah mengalami pergeseran yang sebelumnya penyakit ini ditularkan melalui pengguna narkoba suntik sekarang berubah penularan melalui pasangan suami istri khususnya pada istri. Mengingat untuk HIV dan AIDS merupakan fenomena “gunung es” bahwa kasus yang terdata hanya cerminan sedikit kasus yang sebenarnya ada di masyarakat. Secara teori adanya 1 kasus HIV dan AIDS yang ada terdeteksi, kasus yang sebenarnya ada di masyarakat adalah 100 kasus. Metode yang digunakan dalam Kegiatan ini tujuannya adalah, memberikan informasi mengapa HIV-AIDS perlu mendapat perhatian khusus, serta bagaimana gejala-gejalanya karena HIV-AIDS adalah penyakit yang sampai saat ini belum ada obat untuk menanggulanginya dan hanya dapat dilakukan pencegahan.Tahapan selanjutnya Pelaksanaan Pre Test, Kegiatan ini dilakukan untuk menggali sejauh mana pengetahuan dan pemahaman para siswa mengenai penyakit HIV/AIDS dengan memberikan pertanyaan secara tertulis yang berhubungan dengan penyakit HIV/AIDS (soal pertanyaan pre test terlampir). Hasil yang didapat pada pre test menunjukan secara keseluruhan pertanyaan yang diajukan, para siswa hanya bisa menjawab dan memahami tentang materi penyakit HIV/AIDS sebesar 24%. Post test dilakukan setelah penyuluhan berakhir untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan dan pemahaman siswa terhadap materi yang sudah diberikan. Adapun hasil post test menunjukan adanya peningkatan pemahaman tentang penyakit HIV/AIDS yang dibandingkan dengan hasil pre test yaitu sebesar 80% dari soal yang ditanyakan kepada para siswa.Penguatan keterampilan individu (Personnal Skill), dalam mewujudkan kesehatan secara keseluruhan, ketrampilan individu mutlak diperlukan, dalam hal ini siswa Madrasah Tsanawiah Negeri 1 Kabupaten Garut, untuk belajar melalui kehidupan dalam menyiapkan diri mereka untuk semua tingkatannya dan untuk menangani penyakit dan kecelakaan sangatlah penting.

scholarly journals The Taming Wicked Problems Framework: A plausible biosocial contribution to ‘ending AIDS by 2030’

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Burman
Keyword(s):  
Wicked Problems ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Rural South ◽  
Transdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Descriptive Account ◽  
Nations Programme ◽  
United Nations Programme ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Rural South Africa

In 2014, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) published the Gap Report, which states that a new biosocial response to the HIV and AIDS epidemic is required to reinforce the biomedical strategy – Vision 90:90:90 – which is designed to end AIDS by 2030. This article provides a descriptive account of how a community–university partnership developed and piloted an innovative, transdisciplinary approach to HIV and AIDS management that could represent a nascent biosocial candidate to reinforce the biomedical strategy. The biosocial strategy has been labelled as the Taming Wicked Problems Framework that is influenced by ontological perspectives associated with complexity theory. The article focuses on how the Taming Wicked Problems Framework was developed by co-opting and repurposing management techniques associated with complexity into an action-oriented HIV and AIDS combination intervention. Three years after the pilot began, the Taming Wicked Problems Framework continues to provision the partnership with opportunities to ‘tame’ non-linear, biosocial aspects of the HIV and AIDS epidemic in rural South Africa. However, with the benefit of hindsight, there are some improvements and caveats that are highlighted so that future applications will be more robust. It is suggested that the Taming Wicked Problems Framework could represent one localised biosocial response that could contribute to ending AIDS by 2030.

scholarly journals HIV Disclosure in Children in a Tertiary Hospital in Southern Nigeria–Child’s Perspective

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-27
Author(s):  
A. U. Eneh ◽  
R. O. Ugwu ◽  
N. I. Paul
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Primary Caregiver ◽  
Hiv Disclosure ◽  
Family Characteristics ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
The Impact

Background: Disclosure of HIV status to children is essential for disease management. Studies on disclosure in children have largely described it from the health provider’s perspective or caregiver’s perspective. Caregivers’ and children’s reports about children’s feelings and distress can however differ. Understanding the disclosure process from the perspective of HIV-positive children will therefore better portray the impact it had on them. Aim: The aim of the study was to explore from the child’s perspective the process of disclosure, the impact it had on them, how they have coped and suggestions on how they think it could be done better. Methods: A cross-sectional study of HIV-infected children and adolescents aged 8–18 years who are aware of their status attending paediatric HIV clinic at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH), Port Harcourt, Nigeria from April 2015 to March 2016. Data were collected using an open-ended questionnaire administered by a Paediatric health care provider. Information sought included: Biodata (age, gender), educational levels of the child, family characteristics (primary caregiver, orphan status), age at disclosure, process of disclosure, the impact of the disclosure, how they have coped, what they did not like about the way they were told and suggested better ways of telling the children. Results: Seventy-eight HIV-positive children and adolescents were interviewed. Their ages ranged from 8 – 18 yrs with a mean age of 14.74±2.23 years. Forty (51.3%) were males, 50 (64.1%) were in secondary schools, 43 (55.1%) were orphans and the mode of transmission was vertical in 70 (89.7%). In majority 33 (42.3%), the biologic mother was the primary caregiver. Majority of the children 34 (43.6%) had their status disclosed to them between 13 and 14 years. The mother alone did the disclosure in 30 (38.5%). Thirty-six (46.2%) were already aware of their status before disclosure. Disclosure was a one-off event without discussions in 48 (61.5%). The commonest immediate reactions was depression 48 (61.5%). The majority 48(61.5%) became more prayerful as a coping strategy. All 78 (100%) agreed that disclosure has positively impacted on their taking their ARV drugs and clinic attendance. Concerning suggestions from the children, 36 (46.2%) said the most appropriate age for disclosure should be 12-13 years, 54 (69.2%) suggest that both parents should do the disclosure while 60 (76.9%) said that the children should be told how they got infected. Their major concern was having to take drugs for life 60 (76.9%). Conclusion: Disclosure process is suboptimal. Understanding the disclosure process from the perspective of HIV-infected children, therefore, is critical to developing interventions to improve disclosure. Most of the parent’s fears of negative impact of status disclosure may be exaggerated. There is need for health care providers to develop a plan with the caregivers of HIV-infected children on the optimal disclosure process and how to anticipate and resolve questions the children may have following disclosure.

Computer-assisted survey of attitudes to HIV and sexually transmissible infection partner notification in HIV-positive men who have sex with men

Sexual Health ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare L. N. Woodward ◽  
Sherie Roedling ◽  
Simon G. Edwards ◽  
Alice Armstrong ◽  
John Richens
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Partner Notification ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Sexually Transmissible Infections ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Median Rating

Background: HIV infection continues to rise in men who have sex with men (MSM) in the UK. Of concern are the high rates of sexually transmissible infections (STI) among HIV-positive MSM, as this is associated with onward HIV transmission. Conventional partner notification (PN) may be limited in this group by the presence of multiple non-contactable partners and the fear of breach of HIV status. Methods: We explored attitudes to PN in HIV-positive MSM having an STI screen using a computer-assisted self interview. Results and Conclusion: Our study shows HIV+ MSM, rate conventional methods of PN highly (median rating 8/10) but are also supportive of new approaches to PN particularly anonymous email when linked to website information. They would also be open to targeted interventions such as peer recruitment.

scholarly journals Safeguarding women’s and girls’ wellbeing: Exploring the role of gender-based violence on HIV transmission in Zimbabwe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Munyaradzi Mapingure ◽  
Zindoga Mukandavire ◽  
Innocent Chingombe ◽  
Rouzeh Eghtessadi ◽  
Diego F. Cuadros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
Mapping Techniques ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Background Gender-based violence (GBV) is a growing epidemic, whose role in HIV transmissions remains minimally addressed by the majority of national HIV response interventions. Methods Statistical and geo-spatial analysis was used to explore the relationship between GBV variables and HIV status using data from Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey, 2015-16. Results Women who were ever humiliated by their husbands or partners were 1.45 times more likely to be HIV positive than those who were never humiliated, p = 0.002. The same was true for women whose husbands or partners ever threatened to harm them or someone they love, OR (95%CI) 1.33 (1.04–1.68), p = 0.022. There was a positive association between HIV status and women who reported that their husband or partner, either pushed, shook, or threw something at them or punched them with his fist or with something that could hurt them or kicked, dragged or beat them, or tried to choke or burn them on purpose or threatened or attacked them with a knife or gun, or any other weapon. Women who experienced forced sexual violence with threats were more likely (odds 1.61, p = 0.019), to be HIV positive than those women who did not experience the same. Using geospatial mapping techniques our study has shown a substantial countrywide epidemic of GBV against women in Zimbabwe requiring urgent attention. Emotional GBV had a similar geographical distribution with HIV in the northern part of the country, where all three types of violence tend to aggregate. Conclusion There is a significant association between forms of GBV (emotional, physical, and sexual) and HIV status. The results suggest the need to strengthen interventions that empower women and girls with skills to withstand violence in order to curb HIV transmission. The engagement of men as proponents of gender equality, bringing other men to account for perpetuating GBV and actively countering violence against women and girls, is critical to the design of such interventions.

scholarly journals Preventing HIV Transmission via HIV Exposure Laws: Applying Logic and Mathematical Modeling to Compare Statutory Approaches to Penalizing Undisclosed Exposure to HIV

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 577-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol L. Galletly ◽  
Steven D. Pinkerton
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Sexual Contact ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Structural Interventions ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
Serostatus Disclosure ◽  
Sexual Activities ◽  
Hiv Serostatus ◽  
Hiv Exposure

Twenty-four U.S. states have enacted HIV exposure laws that prohibit HIV-positive persons from engaging in sexual activities with partners to whom they have not disclosed their HIV-status. From a public health perspective, HIV serostatus exposure laws can be viewed as structural interventions that seek to limit the spread of HIV by acting at the policy level. A central premise of these laws is that informed partners are more likely to protect themselves by declining sex, by substituting less risky activities for higher-risk ones, or by using condoms, than are uninformed partners. However, the effectiveness of these laws at preventing HIV transmission is not known.There is little standardization among existing HIV exposure laws, which vary substantially with respect to the sexual activities that are prohibited without prior serostatus disclosure. Among the strictest laws are those in Arkansas, Michigan, New Jersey, and Ohio which mandate disclosure prior to almost any type of sexual contact.

scholarly journals HIV knowledge and related sexual practices among Portuguese men who have sex with men

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 2423-2432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuno Nodin ◽  
Isabel Pereira Leal ◽  
Alex Carballo-Diéguez
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Hiv Knowledge ◽  
Relational Practice ◽  
Risk Practices ◽  
Sex With Men

Qualitative studies of the sexual risk practices of Portuguese men who have sex with men (MSM) are scarce, as have been campaigns to target this group despite high HIV infection rates. This study investigates the concepts and practices of safer sex of a group of 36 Portuguese self-identified gay men (age: x = 34.4, SD = 9.1) who have met sexual partners online; two identified as HIV positive. Thematic analysis of interviews showed that our participants were aware of HIV transmission risks and tended to protect themselves in most sexual practices. Oral sex and steady relationships, however, did not always include safer practices. Participants tended to rely on indirect sources of information when assessing their partners’ HIV status, such as their physical characteristics or the information available in online profiles. Contrasting HIV positive and negative men’s sexual expectations and practices indicated that communication shortcomings might be putting some at risk. Findings suggest that safe sex is a relational practice which can only be understood and addressed within the context in which it occurs.

scholarly journals Mothering at a distance and disclosure of maternal HIV to children in Kingston, Jamaica

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-65
Author(s):  
Gayle Clifford ◽  
Gill Craig ◽  
Christine McCourt
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Hiv Disclosure ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Hiv Positive Mothers ◽  
Maternal Hiv

Abstract Existing guidelines (WHO, 2011) advise caretakers and professionals to disclose children’s and their caretakers’ HIV status to children, despite a lack of evidence concerning the potential implications in resource-constrained settings. Our research uses feminist Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) to explore the experiences of HIV positive mothers in Kingston, Jamaica, focusing on their lived experiences of talking to their children about maternal HIV. This paper will focus on the concept of mothering at a distance and how this presents additional challenges for HIV positive mothers who are trying to establish emotional closeness in relation to talking to their children about their HIV. Using Hochschild’s concept of emotion work and examples from the interviews, we highlight the difficult contexts informing women’s decisions when negotiating discussions about their HIV. Women may choose full, partial or differential disclosure or children may be told their mother’s HIV status by others. Disclosure policy, we argue, reflects Anglo-Northern constructions of the family and parenting which may not adequately reflect the experiences of poor urban mothers in low and middle income countries. We argue that policy needs to recognise culturally-specific family formations, which, in Jamaica includes absent fathers, mothering at a distance and mothering non-biological children. This article reflects on the experiences of an under-researched group, poor urban Jamaican women practising mothering at a distance, using a novel methodological approach (IPA) to bring into relief unique insights into their lived experiences and will contribute to the global policy and research literature on HIV disclosure.

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