Nutritional status and lipid profile of HIV-positive children and adolescents using antiretroviral therapy

AbstractObjectivesTo study the clinico-immunological, nutritional and growth characteristics of HIV-infected children and the impact of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on these parameters.DesignRetrospective study.SettingOut-patient department of a paediatric ART centre, Delhi, India.SubjectsHIV-positive children registered at the paediatric ART centre of the hospital were enrolled (n 130). Anthropometric measurements were used to classify children into the type of malnutrition according to definitions of the WHO and US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Clinical and immunological status of the children was recorded as per WHO guidelines. First-line ART was started based on guidelines of the National AIDS Control Organization. Nutritional status and clinico-immunological characteristics were followed up annually in children receiving ART.ResultsOf children ≤5 years of age (n 54), stunting was noted in 42·5 % contrary to wasting seen in only 12·9 %. In children >5 years of age (n 76), short stature (40·7 %) and underweight (39·4 %) were seen in almost equal proportions. Asymptomatic presentation was noted in 60·0 %. Following ART, a reduction in wasting was noted in 75·0 % of children ≤5 years of age, whereas only 44·4 % of underweight children >5 years of age showed an improvement after therapy. Stunting and short stature continued to persist in all in children (≤5 years and >5 years, respectively). Clinico-immunologically, 67·5 % improved in clinical status and 62·5 % showed immunological improvement.ConclusionsART improves the acute parameters of nutritional status like wasting. It also improves the clinical outcome and restores the immune system. At present first-line ART is effective in HIV-positive children.

Download Full-text

Craniofacial morphology of HIV-positive children and adolescents undergoing antiretroviral therapy: A pilot study

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics ◽

10.1016/j.ajodo.2017.05.027 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 153 (1) ◽

pp. 26-35

Author(s):

Maria Luiza Veloso de Almeida Watanabe ◽

Adriana Oliveira Lira Ortega ◽

Catalina Riera Costa ◽

Emiko Saito Arita ◽

Karem L. Ortega

Keyword(s):

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Pilot Study ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Craniofacial Morphology ◽

Hiv Positive

Download Full-text

Prevalence of protein energy malnutrition in HIV-infected under five children and the effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy on their nutritional status in Nigeria

10.30574/msarr.2021.1.3.0024 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 053-061

Author(s):

Sylvia T Echendu ◽

Kenneth N Okeke ◽

Joy C Ebenebe ◽

Ebelechuku F Ugochukwu ◽

Chinyere U Onubogu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Age Difference ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽

Under Five ◽

Under Five Children ◽

Highly Active

Aim: To determine the prevalence of malnutrition among HIV- infected under-five children and effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on the nutritional status. Method: This cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted among under-fives presenting at the Paediatric HIV clinic in a tertiary centre in Nigeria. HIV positive children aged less than five years, who were on HAART and whose parents/caregivers gave consent were included. Odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were determined in a multivariate logistic regression analysis and p-values of <0.05 were considered significant. Result: A total of 92 HIV positive children comprising 52 (56.5%) males and 40 (43.5%) females were recruited, giving a ratio of 1.3:1. Children who were more than 48 months of age were (46.7%), while (9.8%) were aged 24 months or less. The mean age of the children was 44.5+12.9 months, while that of the male and female children were 43.9 +13.1 months and 45.2+12.6 months, respectively, and their age difference was statistically insignificant. The prevalence of undernutrition was 40.2% with a significantly higher proportion of them being male children (P= 0.02) while 1.1% of the children was overweight. The prevalence of severe wasting, severe underweight and severe stunting were 2.1, 3.3 and 17.4% respectively. A total of 12 (13.0%) were wasted, 14 (15.2%) were underweight, and 26 (28.3%) were stunted. Children who received HAART for more than 12 months were less likely to be wasted (P=0.02). Multivariate logistic regression also showed that being a male increased the risk of being underweight (OR=2.55, 95%CL=1.06-6.16) and stunted (OR=2.67, 95%CL=1.32-5.40). Conclusion: Malnutrition remains a problem of children living with HIV even while they are on HAART. The longer duration of HAART is significantly associated with better nutritional status.

Download Full-text

Anthropometry and body composition of vertically HIV-infected children and adolescents under therapy with and without protease inhibitors

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980014001591 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 18 (7) ◽

pp. 1255-1261 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lígia Cardoso dos Reis ◽

Patrícia Helen de Carvalho Rondó ◽

Heloisa Helena de Sousa Marques ◽

Neuber José Segri

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Protease Inhibitors ◽

Body Fat ◽

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Lower Percentage ◽

Upper Arm ◽

Significant Difference

AbstractObjectiveAlthough the benefits of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) have been documented, it is thought to be associated to disturbances in nutritional status. These disturbances may occur early in life and are poorly understood. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between anthropometric parameters and body composition of perinatally HIV-infected children and adolescents under HAART, according to use and non-use of protease inhibitors.DesignCross-sectional study undertaken between August and December 2007. Demographic, socio-economic, clinical and anthropometric data were collected from the patients. The χ2 test, Wilcoxon rank sum test (Mann–Whitney) and t test were used to compare the following variables between users and non-users of protease inhibitors: age, gender, per capita income, HAART exposure, antiretroviral therapy adopted in the last three years, CD4 count, viral load, pubertal stage, nutritional status (BMI-for-age, height-for-age, waist and neck circumferences, triceps skinfold thickness, body fat percentage, upper-arm fat area and upper-arm muscle area).SettingAn HIV/AIDS out-patient clinic, São Paulo, Brazil.SubjectsOne hundred and fifteen patients (children and adolescents aged 6–19 years).ResultsProtease inhibitors users had a higher prevalence of stunting (P=0·03), lower BMI (P=0·03) and lower percentage of body fat (P=0·05) compared with non-users. There was no statistically significant difference between the HAART regimens and measurements of fat adiposity.ConclusionsThe findings of the study suggest that children and adolescents under protease inhibitors are at higher risk of growth and development deviations, but not at risk of body fat redistribution.

Download Full-text

Nutritional assessment and lipid profile in HIV-infected children and adolescents treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical ◽

10.1590/s0037-86822011005000039 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 274-281 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Marina Hjertquist Tremeschin ◽

Daniela Saes Sartorelli ◽

Maria Célia Cervi ◽

Bento Vidal de Moura Negrini ◽

Roberta Garcia Salomão ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Protease Inhibitor ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Control Group ◽

Highly Active ◽

Healthy Control

INTRODUCTION: HIV-infected children and adolescents treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimens that include a protease inhibitor (PI) can show significant improvements in clinical outcomes, nutritional status and quality of life. The study aimed to report nutritional and metabolic alterations for pediatric patients continuously exposed to HAART and for healthy controls for up to 1 year. METHODS: Clinical, anthropometric, lipid profile and food intake data were collected prospectively over approximately 12-months for each patient. RESULTS: Fifty-one individuals were studied, of these, 16 were healthy. After 12 months follow-up, HIV-positive individuals remained below the healthy control group parameters. No change was observed concerning food intake. Triglyceride serum levels were higher in patients using protease inhibitor at the onset of the study [PI groups: 114 (43 - 336), and 136 (63 - 271) versus control group: 54.5 (20 - 162); p = 0.003], but after twelve months follow-up, only the group using protease inhibitor for up to two months presented higher values [140 (73 - 273) versus 67.5 (33 - 117); p = 0.004]. HDL-cholesterol was lower in HIV-positive individuals [HIV-positive groups: 36 (27 - 58) and 36 (23 - 43); control 49.5 (34 - 69); p = 0.004]. CONCLUSIONS: HIV-infected children and adolescents treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy showed compromised nutritional parameters compared to a paired healthy control group. Individuals using protease inhibitor presented worse triglyceride serum levels compared to their healthy counterparts.

Download Full-text

Relation Between Levels of Leptine and Metabolic Parameters in Children and Adolescents

Global Journal of Health Science ◽

10.5539/gjhs.v10n11p161 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 161

Author(s):

Omar Pérez-Álvarez ◽

Edgar Navarro-Lechuga ◽

María del Pilar Garavito-Galofre ◽

Eduardo Navarro-Jiménez

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Metabolic Parameters ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Anthropometric Parameters ◽

Study Laboratory ◽

The Relationship

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between leptin levels and metabolic parameters in children and adolescents. METHODS: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Laboratory biochemical values and anthropometric parameters were determined. Univariate analysis was performed with measurements of frequencies and percentages and bivariate analysis through statistical significance tests (p <0.05). In case of multiple comparisons, the Bonferroni correction was made. RESULTS: There were higher levels of leptin to higher adipose tissue, while in the metabolic parameters a relationship was observed between high levels of glycemia and leptin independent of the variables gender, age group and nutritional status. There was no clear relationship between high levels of leptin and those of the lipid profile. CONCLUSIONS: There was a relationship between leptin concentrations and nutritional status and in the relationship of leptin with the metabolic parameters studied, there was an association with glycemia, while this association was not clear with the lipid profile.

Download Full-text

The impact of food assistance on nutritional status and disease severity among HIV‐positive, antiretroviral therapy ineligible, individuals in Uganda

The FASEB Journal ◽

10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.844.5 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 27 (S1) ◽

Author(s):

Suneetha Kadiyala ◽

John Maluccio ◽

Elizabeth Faust ◽

Rahul Rawat

Keyword(s):

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Disease Severity ◽

Food Assistance ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

The Impact

Download Full-text

Lipid Profile in HIV Infected Children Receiving Antiretroviral Treatment

International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science ◽

10.23958/ijirms/vol03-i02/18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (02) ◽

Author(s):

Dr. Kavita J. Lall ◽

Dr. Omesh Khurana ◽

Dr. Ranjit S Ambad

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Antiretroviral Treatment ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Low Density ◽

First Line ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus

This study reviewed the lipid profile of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients in relation to use of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Lipid profile is becoming one of the common problems in human immunodeficiency virus infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy. Data on lipid profile derangements induced by antiretroviral treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the lipid profile abnormalities in HIV infected children receiving ART. Material and Method - Information on sex, age, specific ART type in use , ART start date, duration of treatment, duration of HIV infection, BMI, relevant signs and symptoms and medications if any were collected by trained nurses using structured questionnaires and patients medical record. Blood Sample Collection, Transport and Processing - Following a standard and safety collection procedure, about 5 ml fasting venous blood was taken from the patients and the control groups by clinical nurses and senior laboratory technologist. Fasting serum samples were analyzed for total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), High Density Lipoprotein- Cholesterol (HDL-c). Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) and Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) was determined by Friedewald Equation (13). Result and conclusion - There was statistically significant difference between the two groups for TC, TG, TC/HDL-c ratio and TG/HDL –c ratio. On the basis of our study we concluded that the level of TG, TC, HDL-c and VLDL-c is high in HIV positive populations receiving first line ART (group I) as compared to ART naïve (group II). Considering that these altered lipid profiles can be an independent risk factors for coronary artery diseases and myocardial infarction, treatment with first-line ART may actually have potential risks for cardiovascular health of HIV positive people receiving ART.

Download Full-text