Impact of Daptomycin Minimum Inhibitory Concentration on Clinical Cure Rates for Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus Infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-153
Author(s):  
Sunish Shah ◽  
Aiman Bandali ◽  
Laura Pontiggia ◽  
Tiffany E. Bias
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Clinical Cure ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Cure Rates

Comparison of the in Vitro Activity of Daptomycin and four other Antimicrobial Agents against Staphylococci Associated with CAPD Peritonitis

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-279
Author(s):  
Wendy L. Vaudry ◽  
Claudia Gratton ◽  
Kinga Kowalewska ◽  
Wanda M. Wenman
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of daptomycin was compared with that of four other antimicrobial agents against clinically relevant staphylococci. Sixtyfive isolates were obtained from patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) who contracted peritonitis. These isolates comprised 29 S. Sureus strains (all sensitive to oxacillin); 25 S. epidermidis strains (14 sensitive and 9 resistant to oxacillin); and 11 unspeciated coagulase-negative staphylococci (2 sensitive and 11 resistant to oxacillin). All of the oxacillin susceptible strains were inhibited by ≤2 mg/L of the five antibiotics tested. The oxacillin resistant staphylococci were also resistant to cefuroxime and variably resistant to cefamandole, but were uniformly susceptible to both vancomycin and daptomycin. Daptomycin possesses equivalent in vitro activity to vancomycin against strains of S. Sureus and coagulase negative staphylococci associated with CAPD peritonitis. If vancomycin resistance becomes a significant problem in these patients, and daptomycin is shown to be active against vancomycin resistant organisms, then it would have potential usefulness as an alternative to vancomycin in the treatment of peritonitis caused by multiply -resistant staphylococci.

scholarly journals Antistaphylococcal Activity of CB-181963 (CAB-175), an Experimental Parenteral Cephalosporin

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 4037-4039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dianne B. Hoellman ◽  
Glenn A. Pankuch ◽  
Peter C. Appelbaum
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Antistaphylococcal Activity ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

ABSTRACT Among 265 methicillin-susceptible and -resistant staphylococci, CB-181963 (CAB-175) had a 50% minimum inhibitory concentration of 2 μg/ml and a 90% minimum inhibitory concentration of 4 μg/ml. All strains except two vancomycin-resistant S. aureus and 5 vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus strains were also susceptible to vancomycin and teicoplanin, and all were susceptible to linezolid, ranbezolid, tigecycline, and quinupristin-dalfopristin. Most methicillin-resistant strains were levofloxacin resistant. CB-181963 was bactericidal against all six methicillin-resistant strains at four times the MIC after 24 h.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Sensitivity of Staphylococcus aurous Isolated from Nasal Swabs to Natural Honey

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
A Molanaei ◽  
SA Seyedoshohadaei ◽  
S Hasani ◽  
P Sharifi ◽  
M Rashidian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Dilution Tube ◽  
Natural Honey

Introduction: Bacterial resistance to antibacterial agents is a very serious threat to public health. Where some antibacterial agents prove ineffective, the antibacterial properties of honey have been shown to be highly efficacious against several human bacterial pathogens. The purpose of this study is to investigate the sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the nursing staff of a hospital to natural honey. Methods: In this study, 35 strains of methicillin-resistant S. aurous samples were selected from hospital staff's nasal swabs. Two strains were vancomycin-resistant. The serial dilution tube test methodwas used to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) .The susceptibility of each strain of staph bacteria to natural honey without wax was determined and compared with that of a glucose solution with the same density. Results: In all strains, except for the two strains resistant to vancomycin, MIC level was < 8.3% (v/v). The MIC of glucose as dense as honey was four times higher. The two vancomycin-resistant strains were completely resistant to natural honey. Conclusions: This study has therefore demonstrated that inhibiting bacterial growth is not merely done by purely natural honey not because of osmolality, but vancomycin-resistant bacteria are not sensitive to natural honey. Keywords: sensitivity, Staphylococcus aurous, natural honey, minimum inhibitory concentration

scholarly journals Vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the United States

2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (28) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Woodford
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Foot Ulcer ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dialysis Catheter ◽  
Vancomycin Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

Since the first reports of glycopeptide resistant enterococci (GRE) in 1987, concern has been expressed about enterococcal van genes, which encode vancomycin resistance, reaching Staphylococcus aureus. This often voiced fear has now been realised, with the reported isolation of a VanA MRSA (vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) &gt;128 mg/L; teicoplanin MIC 32 mg/L) from the tip of a dialysis catheter and from a chronic foot ulcer of a patient in Michigan, in the United States; glycopeptide resistant Enterococcus faecalis (genotype not specified) was also isolated from the ulcer (1).

scholarly journals Assessment of Antibiotics Susceptibility Pattern of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci Isolated from Clinical Specimens in Port Harcourt

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-74
Author(s):  
F. O. Ibeh ◽  
S. A. Wemedo ◽  
N. P. Akani
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Stool Specimens ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Rivers State

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of vancomycin resistance among Enterococcal species isolated from clinical specimens of patients attending two hospitals in Port Harcourt, Rivers State. Study Design: The study employs statistical analysis of the data and interpretation. Place and Duration of Study: Two hospitals which are Meridian hospital Port Harcourt and University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, located in the city of Port-Harcourt, Rivers State were used for this study. Specimen collection lasted for 3 weeks and the analysis was carried out daily and it lasted for six months. Methodology: A total of one hundred and eighteen (118) urine and stool specimens (60 urine and 58 stool specimens) were collected from Fifty nine (59) patients for a period of three months from Meridian hospital and University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port-Harcourt, Rivers State. The specimens collected were grouped inpatients and outpatients and were subjected to standard microbiological procedures which include standard plate counts, identification, and sensitivity testing using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, Minimum inhibitory concentration and molecular identification of the isolates. Results: A total of 48 enterococcal isolates were isolated from the different specimens (hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients) of urine and stool specimens. All Enterococcal isolates showed high level of resistance to Ceftazidime and Cefuroxime (100%) followed by cloxacillin (95.8%), augumentin (85.4%) and Ceftriaxone (75.0%). The isolates showed higher sensitive rates to Ofloxacin (95.5%), followed by Gentamicin (77.1%) and Vancomycin (39.6%). All Enterococal isolates from this study had a MAR index > 0.2. A total of the 48 Enterococci were isolated, the 23 (47.9%) isolates were identified as vancomyin resistant during this study were subjected to MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) for vancomycin as a confirmatory test. Of the 23 isolates, 12 isolates were vancomycin resistant with 11 isolates showing vancomycin MIC values of 8-16μg /ml (vancomycin intermediate). Conclusion: Conclusively, this study revealed varying Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolated bacteria. Treatment guidelines for use of antibiotics should be based on the hospital formulary and the sensitivity patterns is advocated. This should be reviewed occasionally to ensure rational use of antibiotics

scholarly journals Vancomycin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Reported from Tertiary Care Hospital in Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Urmila Lama ◽  
Dharmendra Shah ◽  
Upendra Thapa Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Nasal Swab ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

Objectives: The study was conducted to assess the rate of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among patients and healthcare personnel at Manmohan Memorial College and Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal and to evaluate the minimum inhibitory concentration of Vancomycin to MRSA isolates.Methods: A total of 1433 different clinical specimens from patients and 33 nasal swabs from healthcare personnel were subjected to bacteriological investigation following standard protocol. S. aureus were isolated and identified by using standard Microbiological tools. Those isolates were subjected to Antimicrobial susceptibility testing using modified Kirby-Bauer’s disc diffusion method following CLSI guidelines.Results: The rate of S. aureus carriage was found to be 65 (18.9%) in the samples from clinical patients and 24 (72.7%) in the samples from healthcare personnel. The rate of MRSA was found to be 57(85.1%) in patients and 24 (100%) in healthcare personnel. The high distribution of MRSA was found in female of age group 21-30 years (patients: 10.4%; healthcare personnel: 70.8%). Amikacin was found to be most effective antimicrobial. All S. aureus isolates were found to be multidrug resistant (100%). On performing D-test, 10 (17.5%) and 22 (38.6%) of MRSA from clinical specimens showed inducible and constitutive Clindamycin resistance respectively. Whereas, 11 (45.8%) and 4 (16.7%) of MRSA from nasal swabs were found to be inducible and constitutive Clindamycin resistance respectively. Upon performing minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test for clinical isolates, 3.5% (2) of MRSA were found to be Vancomycin resistant (VRSA), 54.4% (31) were Vancomycin intermediate (VISA) and 42.1% (24) were found to be Vancomycin sensitive (VSSA). All of the nasal swab MRSA isolates were found sensitive to Vancomycin. Congo red agar method was done for biofilm production. For clinical isolates, 32 (47.8%) were found to be strong, 6 (8.9%) moderate and 29 (43.3%) were non biofilm producer. For nasal swab isolates, 66.7% (16) and 33.3% (8) were found as strong and non-biofilm producer respectively.Conclusion: This study reported the case of VRSA which hasn’t been reported in Nepal. Though present study showed that Vancomycin remains the main choice of treatment of MRSA infection. Therefore, to preserve its value, use of vancomycin should be limited only to those cases where there are clearly needed.

Detection of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in samples from broiler flocks and houses in Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-122
Author(s):  
Nilgün Ünal ◽  
Erhan Bal ◽  
Alper Karagöz ◽  
Belgin Altun ◽  
Nadir Koçak
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus ◽  
Broiler Production ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Selective Agar ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Global Threat

AbstractVancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) is a global threat to public health. Knowledge about the occurrence of vanA-carrying enterococci in broiler and environmental samples is important as antibiotic resistance can be transferred to human bacteria. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of VRE in broiler cloacal and environmental (house) samples and to genotype the isolates. In this study, 350 swabs were collected from broiler farms. All samples were plated onto enterococcus selective agar containing 6 mg/L vancomycin and 64 mg/L ceftazidime. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined for vancomycin and teicoplanin. Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm) was isolated from 6 out of 300 (2%) broiler cloacal samples and 13 out of 50 (26%) house samples. All E. faecium isolates had vanA genes. All VREfm isolates (19 isolates) were confirmed to be 95% similar to each other. In conclusion, although 20 years have passed since the ban on avoparcin in Turkey, the present study shows that VREfm isolates are still present in broiler production and especially in broiler houses, and most importantly, a major VREfm clone was isolated from broiler cloacal and house samples.

GASTROINTESTINAL COLONISATION OF VANCOMYCIN-RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCUS IN A SINGAPORE TEACHING HOSPITAL

Pathology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-221
Author(s):  
Lynette L. E. Oon ◽  
Moi-Lin Ling ◽  
Yoke-Fong Chiew
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant
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