Detection of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in samples from broiler flocks and houses in Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-122
Author(s):  
Nilgün Ünal ◽  
Erhan Bal ◽  
Alper Karagöz ◽  
Belgin Altun ◽  
Nadir Koçak
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus ◽  
Broiler Production ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Selective Agar ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Global Threat

AbstractVancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) is a global threat to public health. Knowledge about the occurrence of vanA-carrying enterococci in broiler and environmental samples is important as antibiotic resistance can be transferred to human bacteria. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of VRE in broiler cloacal and environmental (house) samples and to genotype the isolates. In this study, 350 swabs were collected from broiler farms. All samples were plated onto enterococcus selective agar containing 6 mg/L vancomycin and 64 mg/L ceftazidime. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined for vancomycin and teicoplanin. Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm) was isolated from 6 out of 300 (2%) broiler cloacal samples and 13 out of 50 (26%) house samples. All E. faecium isolates had vanA genes. All VREfm isolates (19 isolates) were confirmed to be 95% similar to each other. In conclusion, although 20 years have passed since the ban on avoparcin in Turkey, the present study shows that VREfm isolates are still present in broiler production and especially in broiler houses, and most importantly, a major VREfm clone was isolated from broiler cloacal and house samples.

scholarly journals Emergence and spread of vancomycin resistance among enterococci in Europe

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (47) ◽  
Author(s):  
G Werner ◽  
T M Coque ◽  
A M Hammerum ◽  
R Hope ◽  
W Hryniewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Analysis ◽  
Vancomycin Resistance ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus ◽  
Phenotypic Marker ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Distinct Subpopulation ◽  
Typing Methods ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
Animal Strains

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) first appeared in the late 1980s in a few European countries. Nowadays, six types of acquired vancomycin resistance in enterococci are known; however, only VanA and to a lesser extent VanB are widely prevalent. Various genes encode acquired vancomycin resistance and these are typically associated with mobile genetic elements which allow resistance to spread clonally and laterally. The major reservoir of acquired vancomycin resistance is Enterococcus faecium; vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis are still rare. Population analysis of E. faecium has revealed a distinct subpopulation of hospital-acquired strain types, which can be differentiated by molecular typing methods (MLVA, MLST) from human commensal and animal strains. Hospital-acquired E. faecium have additional genomic content (accessory genome) including several factors known or supposed to be virulence-associated. Acquired ampicillin resistance is a major phenotypic marker of hospital-acquired E. faecium in Europe and experience has shown that it often precedes increasing rates of VRE with a delay of several years. Several factors are known to promote VRE colonisation and transmission; however, despite having populations with similar predispositions and preconditions, rates of VRE vary all over Europe.

Molecular epidemiology of vancomycin-resistant enterococci isolated from non-tertiary-care and tertiary-care hospitals in Korea

2014 ◽  
Vol 142 (11) ◽  
pp. 2372-2377 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. JUNG ◽  
S. H. AHN ◽  
W. G. LEE ◽  
E. H. LEE
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Clonal Complex ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Insertion Sequences ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Clonal Relatedness ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospitals ◽  
Sequence Types

SUMMARYThis study compared the molecular characteristics of vancomycin-resistantEnterococcus faecium(VREF) isolates recovered from 20 non-tertiary-care hospitals (36 isolates) and three tertiary-care hospitals (26 isolates) in diverse geographical areas of Korea from October 2010 to April 2011. All isolates carried thevanAgene only, but 42% and 73% of non-tertiary and tertiary-care isolates expressed the VanB phenotype (teicoplanin minimum inhibitory concentration ⩽16 μg/ml). All isolates harboured insertion sequences, IS1542and IS1216V, within Tn1546. The isolates from tertiary-care hospitals tended to have reduced Tn1546lengths by deletion of sequences adjacent to IS elements. Multilocus sequence typing revealed eight sequence types within clonal complex 17 (CC17), but DNA fingerprinting by rep-PCR did not show clonal relatedness between the intra- and inter-hospital isolates. These results suggest thatvanA, which has prevailed in tertiary-care hospitals of Korea since the 1990s, had been transferred horizontally to non-tertiary-care hospitals while the genetic rearrangement driven by evolutionary adaptation to adverse environments may have occurred in tertiary-care hospitals.

scholarly journals Vancomycin-resistant enterococci with reduced daptomycin susceptibility in Singapore: prevalence and associated factors

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (12) ◽  
pp. 2540-2545 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. CHOW ◽  
N. N. WIN ◽  
P. Y. NG ◽  
W. LEE ◽  
M. K. WIN
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Surgical History ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Device Use ◽  
Control Study

SUMMARYPrevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and use of daptomycin are increasing in Asia. To determine the prevalence of daptomycin non-susceptible enterococci (DNSE) and understand factors associated with reduced daptomycin susceptibility in VRE, we conducted a case-control study in a 1600-bed adult tertiary hospital in Singapore. All VRE isolates from inpatients in 2012 were tested for daptomycin susceptibility. Patients with VRE isolates of daptomycin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ⩾3µg/ml were classified as daptomycin-reduced susceptible VRE (DRS-VRE) and those with daptomycin MIC <3µg/ml classified as daptomycin-susceptible VRE (DS-VRE). Medical records were reviewed for clinical and epidemiological data. None of 243 VRE isolates had MIC >4µg/ml (DNSE). About half (135, 55%) had reduced susceptibility to daptomycin (MIC 3–4µg/ml). None in the DS-VRE group had prior exposure to daptomycin. After adjusting for age, gender, comorbidity, hospitalization duration, surgical history, indwelling device use, and duration of antibiotic exposure in the prior 3 months, >1 movement between wards [odds ratio (OR) 0·35, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·16–0·74,P= 0·006] and minocycline resistance (OR 0·45, 95% CI 0·25–0·84,P= 0·011) were independently associated with DRS-VRE. Our study suggests that daptomycin exposure, >1 movement between wards, and resistance to minocycline, were associated with reduced daptomycin susceptibility in VRE.

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in meat and environmental samples

2006 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizia Messi ◽  
Elisa Guerrieri ◽  
Simona de Niederhäusern ◽  
Carla Sabia ◽  
Moreno Bondi
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Enterococci and Occurrence of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci in Raw Minced Beef and Pork in Germany

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 1825-1830 ◽  
Author(s):  
G�nter Klein ◽  
Alexander Pack ◽  
Gerhard Reuter
Keyword(s):  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Minced Beef ◽  
Selective Agar ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Minced Meat

ABSTRACT The food chain, especially raw minced meat, is thought to be responsible for an increase in the incidence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in human nosocomial infections. Therefore, 555 samples from 115 batches of minced beef and pork from a European Union-licensed meat-processing plant were screened for the occurrence of VRE. The processed meat came from 45 different slaughterhouses in Germany. Enterococci were isolated directly from Enterococcosel selective agar plates and also from Enterococcosel selective agar plates supplemented with 32 mg of vancomycin per liter. In addition, peptone broth was used in a preenrichment procedure, and samples were subsequently plated onto Enterococcosel agar containing vancomycin. To determine resistance, 209 isolates from 275 samples were tested with the glycopeptides vancomycin, teicoplanin, and avoparcin and 19 other antimicrobial substances by using a broth microdilution test. When the direct method was used, VRE were found in 3 of 555 samples (0.5%) at a concentration of 1.0 log CFU/g of minced meat. When the preenrichment procedure was used, 8% of the samples were VRE positive. Our findings indicate that there is a low incidence of VRE in minced meat in Germany. In addition, the resistance patterns of the VRE isolates obtained were different from the resistance patterns of clinical isolates. A connection between the occurrence of VRE in minced meat and nosocomial infections could not be demonstrated on the basis of our findings.

Comparison of Three Methods to Recover Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE) From Perianal and Environmental Samples Collected During A Hospital Outbreak of VRE

2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 775-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara S. Reisner ◽  
Stephanie Shaw ◽  
Mary E. Huber ◽  
Carla E. Woodmansee ◽  
Silvia Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Broth Culture ◽  
Hospital Outbreak ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

Objective:To establish an efficient and sensitive technique for recovering vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) from perianal and environmental samples collected during implementation of control measures for an outbreak of VRE.Design:Perianal and environmental samples were collected in triplicate on sterile swabs. One swab was used to inoculate a selective broth medium containing 6 μg of vancomycin and 8 μg of ciprofloxacin per mL, one to inoculateCampylobacteragar containing 10 μg/mL of vancomycin, and one to inoculate Enterococcosel agar containing 8 μg/mL of vancomycin.Setting:Samples were collected in the intensive care units of a 600-bed university hospital over a period of 2 months.Sample Selection:Patients and their immediate environment were sampled if they resided in a ward with a patient known to be colonized or infected with VRE.Results:Of the 88 perianal samples obtained from 63 patients, 37 were positive for VRE by broth culture, with 36 also recovered on both types of solid media (sensitivity, 97.3%; negative predictive value, 98.1%). Of the initial samples collected from each of the 63 patients, 20 were positive for VRE by all methods. Of the 500 environmental samples cultured, 139 were positive for VRE in broth, with only 33 recovered onCampylobacteragar (sensitivity, 23.7%; negative predictive value, 77.2%) and 22 on Enterococcosel agar (sensitivity, 15.8%; negative predictive value, 75.2%).Conclusions:Our data indicate that, when performing surveillance cultures during an outbreak of VRE, use of an enrichment broth medium is required to recover VRE contaminating environmental surfaces; however, direct inoculation to selective solid medium is adequate to recover VRE in patient perianal specimens.

scholarly journals First Detection of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus faecium in Latvia

2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 234-236
Author(s):  
Dace Rudzīte ◽  
Arta Balode ◽  
Uga Dumpis ◽  
Edvīns Miklaševičs
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Advanced Treatment ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

First Detection of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus faecium in Latvia Enterococci have become one of the most important nosocomial pathogens in advanced treatment facilities. Though they are not considered as very pathogenic bacteria, their high levels of antimicrobial resistance are the subject of major concern. Particularly epidemiologically important are vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) due to high risk of transmission of vancomycin resistance genes to staphylococci. We describe the first outbreak of VRE in a Latvian multidisciplinary hospital.

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