scholarly journals Evaluation of the Sensitivity of Staphylococcus aurous Isolated from Nasal Swabs to Natural Honey

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
A Molanaei ◽  
SA Seyedoshohadaei ◽  
S Hasani ◽  
P Sharifi ◽  
M Rashidian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Dilution Tube ◽  
Natural Honey

Introduction: Bacterial resistance to antibacterial agents is a very serious threat to public health. Where some antibacterial agents prove ineffective, the antibacterial properties of honey have been shown to be highly efficacious against several human bacterial pathogens. The purpose of this study is to investigate the sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the nursing staff of a hospital to natural honey. Methods: In this study, 35 strains of methicillin-resistant S. aurous samples were selected from hospital staff's nasal swabs. Two strains were vancomycin-resistant. The serial dilution tube test methodwas used to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) .The susceptibility of each strain of staph bacteria to natural honey without wax was determined and compared with that of a glucose solution with the same density. Results: In all strains, except for the two strains resistant to vancomycin, MIC level was < 8.3% (v/v). The MIC of glucose as dense as honey was four times higher. The two vancomycin-resistant strains were completely resistant to natural honey. Conclusions: This study has therefore demonstrated that inhibiting bacterial growth is not merely done by purely natural honey not because of osmolality, but vancomycin-resistant bacteria are not sensitive to natural honey. Keywords: sensitivity, Staphylococcus aurous, natural honey, minimum inhibitory concentration

scholarly journals Metallic Antibacterial Surface Treatments of Dental and Orthopedic Materials

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 4594
Author(s):  
Rushui Bai ◽  
Liying Peng ◽  
Qiannan Sun ◽  
Yunfan Zhang ◽  
Lingyun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Surface Treatments ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Clinical Issue ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Surface ◽  
Orthopedic Materials

The oral cavity harbors complex microbial communities, which leads to biomaterial-associated infections (BAI) during dental and orthopedic treatments. Conventional antibiotic treatments have met great challenges recently due to the increasing emergency of drug-resistant bacteria. To tackle this clinical issue, antibacterial surface treatments, containing surface modification and coatings, of dental and orthopedic materials have become an area of intensive interest now. Among various antibacterial agents used in surface treatments, metallic agents possess unique properties, mainly including broad-spectrum antibacterial properties, low potential to develop bacterial resistance, relative biocompatibility, and chemical stability. Therefore, this review mainly focuses on underlying antibacterial applications and the mechanisms of metallic agents in dentistry and orthopedics. An overview of the present review indicates that much work remains to be done to deepen the understanding of antibacterial mechanisms and potential side-effects of metallic agents.

scholarly journals Vancomycin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Reported from Tertiary Care Hospital in Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Urmila Lama ◽  
Dharmendra Shah ◽  
Upendra Thapa Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Nasal Swab ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

Objectives: The study was conducted to assess the rate of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among patients and healthcare personnel at Manmohan Memorial College and Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal and to evaluate the minimum inhibitory concentration of Vancomycin to MRSA isolates.Methods: A total of 1433 different clinical specimens from patients and 33 nasal swabs from healthcare personnel were subjected to bacteriological investigation following standard protocol. S. aureus were isolated and identified by using standard Microbiological tools. Those isolates were subjected to Antimicrobial susceptibility testing using modified Kirby-Bauer’s disc diffusion method following CLSI guidelines.Results: The rate of S. aureus carriage was found to be 65 (18.9%) in the samples from clinical patients and 24 (72.7%) in the samples from healthcare personnel. The rate of MRSA was found to be 57(85.1%) in patients and 24 (100%) in healthcare personnel. The high distribution of MRSA was found in female of age group 21-30 years (patients: 10.4%; healthcare personnel: 70.8%). Amikacin was found to be most effective antimicrobial. All S. aureus isolates were found to be multidrug resistant (100%). On performing D-test, 10 (17.5%) and 22 (38.6%) of MRSA from clinical specimens showed inducible and constitutive Clindamycin resistance respectively. Whereas, 11 (45.8%) and 4 (16.7%) of MRSA from nasal swabs were found to be inducible and constitutive Clindamycin resistance respectively. Upon performing minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test for clinical isolates, 3.5% (2) of MRSA were found to be Vancomycin resistant (VRSA), 54.4% (31) were Vancomycin intermediate (VISA) and 42.1% (24) were found to be Vancomycin sensitive (VSSA). All of the nasal swab MRSA isolates were found sensitive to Vancomycin. Congo red agar method was done for biofilm production. For clinical isolates, 32 (47.8%) were found to be strong, 6 (8.9%) moderate and 29 (43.3%) were non biofilm producer. For nasal swab isolates, 66.7% (16) and 33.3% (8) were found as strong and non-biofilm producer respectively.Conclusion: This study reported the case of VRSA which hasn’t been reported in Nepal. Though present study showed that Vancomycin remains the main choice of treatment of MRSA infection. Therefore, to preserve its value, use of vancomycin should be limited only to those cases where there are clearly needed.

scholarly journals Novel Seleno- and Thio-Urea Containing Dihydropyrrol-2-One Analogues as Antibacterial Agents

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 321
Author(s):  
Shekh Sabir ◽  
Tsz Tin Yu ◽  
Rajesh Kuppusamy ◽  
Basmah Almohaywi ◽  
George Iskander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Positive Bacterium ◽  
Quorum Sensing Inhibition ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria

The quorum sensing (QS) system in multi-drug-resistant bacteria such as P. aeruginosa is primarily responsible for the development of antibiotic resistance and is considered an attractive target for antimicrobial drug discovery. In this study, we synthesised a series of novel selenourea and thiourea-containing dihydropyrrol-2-one (DHP) analogues as LasR antagonists. The selenium DHP derivatives displayed significantly better quorum-sensing inhibition (QSI) activities than the corresponding sulphur analogues. The most potent analogue 3e efficiently inhibited the las QS system by 81% at 125 µM and 53% at 31 µM. Additionally, all the compounds were screened for their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against the Gram-positive bacterium S. aureus, and interestingly, only the selenium analogues showed antibacterial activity, with 3c and 3e being the most potent with a MIC of 15.6 µM.

scholarly journals Tackling Virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by the Natural Furanone Sotolon

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 871
Author(s):  
Mohammed F. Aldawsari ◽  
El-Sayed Khafagy ◽  
Ahmed Al Saqr ◽  
Ahmed Alalaiwe ◽  
Hisham A. Abbas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Resistance Development

The bacterial resistance development due to the incessant administration of antibiotics has led to difficulty in their treatment. Natural adjuvant compounds can be co-administered to hinder the pathogenesis of resistant bacteria. Sotolon is the prevailing aromatic compound that gives fenugreek its typical smell. In the current work, the anti-virulence activities of sotolon on Pseudomonas aeruginosa have been evaluated. P. aeruginosa has been treated with sotolon at sub-minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and production of biofilm and other virulence factors were assessed. Moreover, the anti-quorum sensing (QS) activity of sotolon was in-silico evaluated by evaluating the affinity of sotolon to bind to QS receptors, and the expression of QS genes was measured in the presence of sotolon sub-MIC. Furthermore, the sotolon in-vivo capability to protect mice against P. aeruginosa was assessed. Significantly, sotolon decreased the production of bacterial biofilm and virulence factors, the expression of QS genes, and protected mice from P. aeruginosa. Conclusively, the plant natural substance sotolon attenuated the pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa, locating it as a plausible potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of its infections. Sotolon can be used in the treatment of bacterial infections as an alternative or adjuvant to antibiotics to combat their high resistance to antibiotics.

scholarly journals REVIEW ON ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTI ACNE POTENTIAL OF KAEMPFERIA SPP.

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (no 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhash Chandra Mishra ◽  
Shailesh Jain
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Chebulagic Acid ◽  
Site Of Action ◽  
Novel Drug ◽  
Aromatic Oils

Acne is a general but somber skin disease, which affects approximately 80% adolescents and young adults in 11–30 age groups. 42.5 % of men and 50.9 % of women keep onto suffer from this disease into their twenties. Bacterial resistance is now at the alarming stage due to the irrational use of antibiotics. Hence, search for new lead molecule/bioactive and rational delivery of the existing drug (for better therapeutic effect) to the site of action is the need of the hour. Plants and plant-derived products have been an integral part of health care system since time immemorial. Therefore, plants that are currently used for the treatment of acne and those with a high potential are summarized in the present review. Most active plant extracts, namely, P. granatum, M. alba, A. anomala, and M. aquifolium exhibit minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in the range of 4–50 µg/mL against P. acnes, while aromatic oils of C. obovoides, C. natsudaidai, C. japonica, and C. nardus possess MICs 0.005–0.6 ?L/mL and phytomolecules such as rhodomyrtone, pulsaquinone, hydropulsaquinone, honokiol, magnolol, xanthohumollupulones, chebulagic acid and rhinacanthin-C show MIC in the range of 0.5–12.5 ?g/mL. Novel drug delivery tant plant leads in the treatment of acne have also been discussed.

Antibiotic adjuvants: a promising approach to combat multidrug resistant bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Namita Sharma ◽  
Anil K. Chhillar ◽  
Sweety Dahiya ◽  
Pooja Choudhary ◽  
Aruna Punia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Targets ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Drugs ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Emergence Of Resistance

The escalating emergence and prevalence of infections caused by multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogenic bacteria accentuate the crucial need to develop novel and effectual therapeutic strategies to control this threat. Recent past surprisingly indicates a staggering decline in effective strategies against MDR. Different approaches have been employed to minimize the effect of resistance but the question still lingers over the astounding number of drugs already tried and tested to no avail, furthermore, the detection of new drug targets and the action of new antibacterial agents against already existing drug targets also complicate the condition. Antibiotic adjuvants are considered as one such promising approach for overcoming the bacterial resistance. Adjuvants can potentiate the action of generally adopted antibacterial drugs against MDR bacterial pathogens either by minimizing the impact and emergence of resistance or improving the action of antibacterial drugs. This review provides an overview of mechanism of antibiotic resistance, main types of adjuvants and their mode of action, achievements and progression.

Comparison of the in Vitro Activity of Daptomycin and four other Antimicrobial Agents against Staphylococci Associated with CAPD Peritonitis

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-279
Author(s):  
Wendy L. Vaudry ◽  
Claudia Gratton ◽  
Kinga Kowalewska ◽  
Wanda M. Wenman
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of daptomycin was compared with that of four other antimicrobial agents against clinically relevant staphylococci. Sixtyfive isolates were obtained from patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) who contracted peritonitis. These isolates comprised 29 S. Sureus strains (all sensitive to oxacillin); 25 S. epidermidis strains (14 sensitive and 9 resistant to oxacillin); and 11 unspeciated coagulase-negative staphylococci (2 sensitive and 11 resistant to oxacillin). All of the oxacillin susceptible strains were inhibited by ≤2 mg/L of the five antibiotics tested. The oxacillin resistant staphylococci were also resistant to cefuroxime and variably resistant to cefamandole, but were uniformly susceptible to both vancomycin and daptomycin. Daptomycin possesses equivalent in vitro activity to vancomycin against strains of S. Sureus and coagulase negative staphylococci associated with CAPD peritonitis. If vancomycin resistance becomes a significant problem in these patients, and daptomycin is shown to be active against vancomycin resistant organisms, then it would have potential usefulness as an alternative to vancomycin in the treatment of peritonitis caused by multiply -resistant staphylococci.

An unexpected discovery toward novel membrane active sulfonyl thiazoles as potential MRSA DNA intercalators

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 1709-1727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan-Yuan Hu ◽  
Juan Wang ◽  
Tie-Jun Li ◽  
Rammohan R Yadav Bheemanaboina ◽  
Mohammad Fawad Ansari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Dna Intercalators ◽  
Dna Targeting ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria

Aim: With the increasing emergence of drug-resistant bacteria, the need for new antimicrobial agents has become extremely urgent. This work was to develop sulfonyl thiazoles as potential antibacterial agents. Results & methodology: Novel hybrids of sulfonyl thiazoles were developed from commercial acetanilide and acetylthiazole. Hybrids 6e and 6f displayed excellent inhibitory efficacy against clinical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (minimum inhibitory concentration = 1 μg/ml) without obvious toxicity toward normal mammalian cells (RAW 264.7). The combination uses were found to improve the antimicrobial ability. Further preliminary antibacterial mechanism experiments showed that the active molecule 6f could effectively interfere with MRSA membrane and insert into MRSA DNA. Conclusion: Compounds 6e and 6f could serve as potential DNA-targeting templates toward the development of promising antimicrobial agents.

scholarly journals Determination of Drug Efflux Pump Efficiency in Drug-Resistant Bacteria Using MALDI-TOF MS

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Jung Lu ◽  
Hsuan-Ju Lin ◽  
Pang-Hung Hsu ◽  
Hong-Ting Victor Lin
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Pump Efficiency ◽  
Drug Efflux ◽  
Maldi Tof Ms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Maldi Tof ◽  
Conventional Methods ◽  
Tof Ms

Multidrug efflux pumps play an essential role in antibiotic resistance. The conventional methods, including minimum inhibitory concentration and fluorescent assays, to monitor transporter efflux activity might have some drawbacks, such as indirect evidence or interference from color molecules. In this study, MALDI-TOF MS use was explored for monitoring drug efflux by a multidrug transporter, and the results were compared for validation with the data from conventional methods. Minimum inhibitory concentration was used first to evaluate the activity of Escherichia coli drug transporter AcrB, and this analysis showed that the E. coli overexpressing AcrB exhibited elevated resistance to various antibiotics and dyes. Fluorescence-based studies indicated that AcrB in E. coli could decrease the accumulation of intracellular dyes and display various efflux rate constants for different dyes, suggesting AcrB’s efflux activity. The MALDI-TOF MS analysis parameters were optimized to maintain a detection accuracy for AcrB’s substrates; furthermore, the MS data showed that E. coli overexpressing AcrB led to increased ions abundancy of various dyes and drugs in the extracellular space at different rates over time, illustrating continuous substrate efflux by AcrB. This study concluded that MALDI-TOF MS is a reliable method that can rapidly determine the drug pump efflux activity for various substrates.

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