scholarly journals A systematic review of etiology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, image findings, and medication of 2019 Corona Virus Disease-19 in Wuhan, China

Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (42) ◽  
pp. e22688
Author(s):  
Jia Xu ◽  
Xue-Ping Ma ◽  
Long Bai ◽  
Miao Wang ◽  
Wu Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Corona Virus

scholarly journals Routes of Transmission of Newly Emerging SARS-CoV-2: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
pp. S18-S31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmuda Yeasmin ◽  
Jannatut Tasnim ◽  
Arifa Akram ◽  
Md Abdullah Yusuf ◽  
AKM Shamsuzzaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Citation Index ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Atypical Pneumonia ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Route Of Transmission ◽  
The World

Background: In December 2019, a novel corona virus (SARS-CoV-2) causes atypical pneumonia now known as “corona virus disease 2019” (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan, China and spread rapidly throughout the world. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to identify the different plausible routes of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 into the human body. Methodology: We searched electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Science Citation Index and Chinese database) checked documents and references. We included all the studies regarding potential routes of transmission of SARS-CoV-2. All reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts, assessed studies for inclusion, appraised quality, and extracted data. Result: SARS-CoV-2 has been found to have higher level of transmissibility than other two pathogenic CoVs. Sustained human to human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has already been established though the exact route of transmission is yet to be determined. Similar to other CoVs, respiratory droplet and contact with contaminated surfaces are considered as principle route of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 whereas aerosol, feco-oral, perinatal, ocular surface and transfusion transmissions are the plausible route of spreading of this highly pathogenic CoVs. Conclusion: In the current review, we summarize the potential route of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the light of previous SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV outbreaks to solidify the scientific basis on which important decisions can be made. Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases, April 2020;7(suppl_1):S18-S31

scholarly journals Risk factors for severe corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients : a systematic review and meta analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lizhen Xu ◽  
Yaqian Mao ◽  
Gang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
Elderly Male ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Laboratory Test Results ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Underlying Diseases

AbstractImportanceWith the increasing number of infections for COVID-19, the global health resources are deficient. At present, we don’t have specific medicines or vaccines against novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) and our assessment of risk factors for patients with severe pneumonia was limited. In order to maximize the use of limited medical resources, we should distinguish between mild and severe patients as early as possible.ObjectiveTo systematically review the evidence of risk factors for severe corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients.Evidence ReviewWe conducted a comprehensive search for primary literature in both Chinese and English electronic bibliographic data bases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, Weipu, Chinese Biomedicine Literature Database (CBM-SinoMed), MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register, and Web of science. The American agency for health research and quality (AHRQ) tool were used for assessing risk of bias. Mata-analysis was undertaken using STATA version 15.0.Results20 articles (N=4062 participants) were eligible for this systematic review and meta-analysis. First in this review and meta-analysis, we found that elderly male patients with a high body mass index, high breathing rate and a combination of underlying diseases (such as hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) were more likely to develop into critically ill patients. second, compared with ordinary patients, severe patients had more significant symptom such as fever and dyspnea. Besides, the laboratory test results of severe patients had more abnormal than non-severe patients, such as the elevated levels of white-cell counts, liver enzymes, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, c-reactive protein and procalcitonin, etc, while the decreased levels of lymphocytes and albumin, etc.InterpretationThis is the first systematic review investigating the risk factors for severe corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. The findings are presented and discussed by different clinical characteristics. Therefore, our review may provide guidance for clinical decision-making and optimizes resource allocation.Key PointsQuestionWhat are the risk factors for severe patients with corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19)?FindingsFirst in this review and meta-analysis, we found that elderly male patients with a high body mass index, high breathing rate and a combination of underlying diseases were more likely to develop into critically ill patients. second, compared with ordinary patients, severe patients had more significant symptom such as fever and dyspnea. Last, we also found that the laboratory test results of severe patients had more abnormal than non-severe patients.MeaningThis review summaried the risk factors of severe COVID-19 patients and aim to provide a basis for early identification of severe patients by clinicians.

scholarly journals Clinical Characteristics of Two Human to Human Transmitted Coronaviruses: Corona Virus Disease 2019 versus Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Xu ◽  
Guo-Dong Sun ◽  
Zhi-Zhong Li
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Admission Rate ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Icu Discharge ◽  
Main Complication

AbstractAfter the outbreak of the middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS) worldwide in 2012. Currently, a novel human coronavirus has caused a major disease outbreak, and named corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The emergency of MRES-COV and COVID-19 has caused global panic and threatened health security. Unfortunately, the similarities and differences between the two coronavirus diseases remain to be unknown. The aim of this study, therefore, is to perform a systematic review to compare epidemiological, clinical and laboratory features of COVID-19 and MERS-COV population. We searched PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials database to identify potential studies reported COVID-19 or MERS-COV. Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory outcomes, the admission rate of intensive cure unit (ICU), discharge rate and fatality rate were evaluated using GraphPad Prism software. Thirty-two studies involving 3770 patients (COVID-19 = 1062, MERS-COV = 2708) were included in this study. The present study revealed that compared with COVID-19 population, MERS-COV population had a higher rate of ICU admission, discharge and fatality and longer incubation time. It pointed out that fever, cough and generalised weakness and myalgia were main clinical manifestations of both COVID-19 and MERS-COV, whereas ARDS was main complication. The most effective drug for MERS-COV is ribavirin and interferon.

scholarly journals Alveolar Epithelial Cell Type II as main target of SARS-CoV-2 virus and COVID-19 development via NF-Kb pathway deregulation.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Carcaterra ◽  
Cristina Caruso
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Alveolar Epithelial Cells ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Alveolar Cells ◽  
Alveolar Epithelial ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Number Of Patients

Abstract Background: The Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) requires a rapid solutionand global collaborative efforts in order to define preventive and treatment strategies.Methods: One of the major challenges of this disease is the high number of patients needing advanced respiratory support due to the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) as the lung is the major –although not exclusive-target of the virus. The molecular mechanisms, pathogenic drivers and the target cell type(s) in SARSCoV-2 infection are still poorly understood, but the development of a “hyperactive” immune response is proposed to play a role in the evolution of the disease and it is envisioned as a major cause of morbidity and mortality.Results: Here we propose a theory by which the main targets for SARS-CoV-2 are the Type II Alveolar Epithelial Cells and the clinical manifestations of the syndrome are a direct consequence of their involvement. We hypotize the existence of a vicious cycle by which once alveolar damage starts in AEC II cells, the inflammatory state is supported by macrophage proinflammatory polarization (M1), cytokines release and by the activation of the NF-κB pathway.Conclusions: If this theory is confirmed, future therapeutic efforts can be directed to target Type 2 alveolar cells and the molecular pathogenic drivers associated with their dysfunction with currently available therapeutic strategies.

scholarly journals INTERLEUKIN 6, AN IMPORTANT BIOMARKER OF CYTOKINE STORM IN COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alok Verma ◽  
Archana Shrivastava ◽  
Divyansh Verma
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Patients Experience

Background: The Corona virus disease, COVID-19 is characterised by varied clinical course. Most patients experience only mild symptoms and get cured while others develop severe disease with increasing hypoxia ending in acute respiratory failure In current scenario, disease progression mainly relies on clinical manifestations and some investigations. It has been suggested that one of the possible mechanism underlying rapid progression is a Cytokine storm . Objective: The study was aimed to early detection of IL-6 that could help in identifying Cytokine storm and direct patients to specific treatment so as to reduce severity of disease. Material and Methods: This is the study done on patients presented with symptoms of corona virus disease. These patients were examined clinically and investigated according. Result: 321 patients were found positive for Corona virus out of which 206 males & 115 females. Fever (84%) and cough (71.4%)are the most common symptoms. 167 patients had increased IL-6 who presented with severe symptoms These patients were followed up strictly and proper treatment given Out of which maximum patients responded well within 15 days and 27 patients required hospitalisation and were managed Conclusion: Early detection of IL-6 along with clinical assessment of the patient condition could help clinician identifying and treating those most at risk of deterioration Therefore early identification of Cytokine storm and managing hyper inflammation could be a key route to reduce severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Keywords: COVID-19, IL-6 , Cytokine storm .

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